Model Of Economic Development Research Articles

ЛЮДСЬКИЙ КАПІТАЛ В КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ВІДКРИТОЇ НАУКИ

Introduction. Any economic system's development is only possible with capital participation. Over several centuries, a stable concept has emerged that considers human capital as an essential source of investment for innovation, scientific and technological progress, and the stable development of the state. At the same time, the practical realization of this concept is associated with such categories as education, science, healthcare, competencies, skills, professional abilities of employees, intellectual output, etc. The purpose of the article: The aim is to comprehensively investigate the innovative potential of human capital from the perspective of a driving force for progress in the knowledge age. Methods: Modern science is based on openness and accessibility as tools of scientific search and research. Human capital is an essential element of this search, expressed in intellectual abilities, self-development, and theoretical and practical generalizations. The basis for more profound research and generalizations is the study of internal and external influences on the formation of human capital and the definition of its role in the scientific sense. Results: Analyzing human capital through the prism of its structural formation, it is worth noting that its meaning has changed in different periods. In the twentieth century, when the economy was formed in the context of industrial development, human capital was focused on technological excellence and ingenuity. In the 21st century, economic development is dominated by the intellectual and scientific component, which is the basis for the functioning of the national system. Therefore, human capital in this period is gaining new meaning as a knowledge economy. In forming the country's national economy, the intangible form of capital is becoming increasingly important, where human resource is the basis of socio-economic development. Conclusions. As a result of the theoretical analysis of existing approaches and new proposals, the innovative economic development model is developing dynamically. Human (intellectual) capital is prioritized in this model, stimulating informatization and introducing modern scientific and technological innovations. Human capital is a complex phenomenon that adapts to modern innovative and technological changes and acts as an organizational motivator for achieving a high level of industrialization and a civilized environment.

The Responsibilities of Social Work for Ecosocial Justice

The crisis of civilization we are experiencing unbalances the inter-relational, interdependency and intergenerational relationships of the planetary ecosystem, putting all species at risk. The current relationship between the unlimited economic development model and its social impacts in all regions, territories and communities is analyzed. These are more severe in the global South and the most impoverished populations, which often leads to conflicts, the deterioration of subsystems of life, and, as a result, movements of people. These challenges highlight the close interrelationship between social justice and issues of ecological injustice acting as a new source of inequality. The responsibility of social work, which is called on to incorporate the ecosocial perspective in all its areas and dimensions of practice, is becoming consolidated. To achieve this, five measures are proposed: expanding and strengthening the ethical and political basis of the profession; promoting the skilling-emancipatory models; cutting across all levels, methodologies and action areas; new fields of practice for ecosocial work; and introduction into social work curriculums. Social justice cannot be fully achieved without taking ecological justice into account.

A Comparative Study of the Economic Development of China and Japan after World War II

China's economy is currently facing difficulties such as a slowdown in development, an economic structure that is not adapted to the new world economic situation and so on. How to get out of these difficulties has become an important issue. From a historical perspective, this article compares the economic development processes of China and Japan after World War II and analyses the enlightenment that China can draw from Japan's economic development. The study of this article concludes that after World War II, the economic development models of China and Japan were highly similar. Both countries implemented a development strategy that prioritized heavy and chemical industries, introduced economic development policies that emphasized exports and adopted a government-led economic development model. Both are currently encountering similar development difficulties. Based on Japan's economic development experience and lessons, China should focus on real estate bubbles, market mechanism adjustment and improvement, etc. to adapt to the needs of the new economic situation.

APPROACHES TO DEFINING THE SOCIOECONOMIC PARADIGM AS A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The relevance of the topic is linked to the fact that socialization remains a global trend in economic development. However, in the context of the VUCA and BANI world, the task is not only to recognize changes and adapt to shifting circumstances, but also to make rational decisions, set new goals, and apply new algorithms. In such conditions, the socio-economic paradigm acts as a conceptual model of economic development. It represents a paradigmatic framework for studying socio-economic processes through the application of methodological approaches from disciplines such as economic sociology, economic theory, economic psychology, institutional economics, behavioral economics, and others. Therefore, the task of clarifying its content becomes relevant. The aim of the article is to identify and characterize the conceptual foundations of the socio-economic paradigm and the methodological approaches to its substantiation. The article outlines the content of the socio-economic paradigm as a conceptual model of economic development. It describes its substantive premises, reveals the cause-and-effect relationships between economic and social processes, defines the methodological approaches for studying and comparing socio-economics with other paradigms of economic development, and highlights the need to study the degree of influence of social sciences on the economy and the economy on social processes. It is proven that the economic version of socio-economics assumes that the social sphere, as well as various social processes, not only affect the economy but are also dependent on it, and this dependence requires economic evaluation. Socio-economics represents a scientific field that studies the patterns of modern economic life in the context of moral imperatives and criteria of social justice. The object of socio-economics is defined as economic activity carried out at different territorial and organizational levels, while its subject is economic relations regulated by moral and ethical requirements, attitudes, and prescriptions.

Development and evolution of mathematical and econometric models for the analysis of macroeconomic processes (including historical perspective) and their forecasting

Practical usefulness of factor-vector autoregression has been considered, which makes it possible to study macroeconomic processes impact on the monetary policy state, to conduct full-scale monitoring and to identify economic growth impact on monetary policy. Publications devoted to the issues of unstable economic development and mathematical models describing the process of economic dynamics under conditions of high inflation and unstable development have been analyzed. The basic scenario in economy has been given. Monetary policy impact on macroeconomic variables using vector autoregressive (VAR) models has been studied. The FAVAR model with international reserves as the monetary policy variable and MIACR where the responses of one-year government bond rate and consumer index were positive have been estimated as the main instruments. The impulse responses shown indicate that the Russian authorities had a lack of monetary policy independence due to the country’s high dependence on the oil and natural gas sectors, which does not reveal evidence of monetary policy impact on lower consumer prices.

Quantification and sensitivity assessment of Chinese provincial ecological compensation in the perspective of carbon deficit redistribution

The ecological compensation mechanism is a tool for managing regional development and promoting the green economy. This paper proposes a revised model for carbon emissions and absorption based on IPCC, then analyses the spatial and temporal variations of carbon emissions, absorption, and deficit in 31 provinces of China from 2001 to 2019. A model was developed to redistribute carbon deficits and compensate for ecological imbalances, with the aim of eliminating background differences between regions. The concept of ecological compensation sensitivity was proposed, and a redundancy analysis (RDA) was conducted to detect possible influencing factors. Results indicate that: (1) The carbon deficits were relatively substantial in the centre and developed coastal regions, which were the subject regions of China’s ecological compensation. Meanwhile, the northwest and southwest regions were the object regions of ecological compensation, and the compensated object regions tended to extend towards the southeast. The majority of compensated subject areas are generally less sensitive than compensated object regions. (2) The graph of carbon deficit volume over time shows that China’s two carbon targets are closely aligned. The distribution of China’s ecological compensation amounts follows the pattern of provincial economic development levels, with higher compensation amounts concentrated in the central and coastal regions. There is a positive correlation between GDP, year, and population size with carbon emission and carbon deficit. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between year, region, and carbon absorption. (3) This compensation model can strongly incentivise the compensation subject area to proactively adjust its economic development model to cope with the significant compensation pressure. Additionally, it can fully encourage the compensation recipient area to continue adhering to the green economic development model. The conclusions of the study hold significant reference value for promoting the development of a green, low-carbon economy.

Technological Sovereignty and Economic Interests

Issues of technological sovereignty and strategic independence of the country are most often discussed from the standpoint of the realization of national interests. However, business has its own ambitions, its own ideas about the rational use of available resources and opportunities. The need to build partnerships between the state and business, to coordinate their economic interests, gives an institutional character to the problem of strengthening the technological sovereignty of the country. Institutional support is also necessary when combining the efforts of friendly countries in order to jointly achieve strategic autonomy. The development of measures to increase technological sovereignty involves the allocation of those links in the supply chains, without localization of which there is a high risk of being the object of external manipulation. Special attention is paid in the article to the choice of critical technologies, since it is influenced by narrow economic interests and the promotion of less significant technological areas by interested parties. It is shown that although the Russian economy has successfully adapted to the sanctions pressure, data on the structure of imports indicate the inertia of the country's technosphere. An analysis of the composition of Russian advisory bodies to determine the priority directions of scientific and technological development allows us to conclude that in the search for ways to strengthen the technological sovereignty of the country, not so much public-private as public-public partnership is being implemented. Various strategic measures aimed at updating the model of Russia's economic development do not remove the transition to a full-scale indicative planning system from the agenda.

Систематизация показателей, отражающих состояние ключевых факторов в модели экономического развития региона

Unstable economic development affects the national economy. The rate, severity, and direction of the current transformations in the context of global changes and the new world order place new demands on the sustainability and stability of such economic systems as regions. Development is a directed process of transformation that affects all the constituent aspects of the developing object. The author examined the mechanism of regional economic development as a unity of investment attractiveness, innovative activity, and labor productivity. The research objective was to systematize the indicators of these factors as a generalized logical diagram. It is a model of economic development driven by a totality of elements aimed at creating and maintaining a system of sustainable and balanced economic development of the region. The study relied on a review of domestic publications, as well as on the method of logical analysis, content analysis, description, and generalization. The method of system identification made it possible to construct a generalized logical diagram. By using a targeted impact on economic processes, one can create a system of sustainable and balanced economic development of the region based on an efficient model of consistent economic processes. The results can be applied in various areas of economic development.

Greenhouse gas emissions from Chinese livestock sector can be decreased by one third in 2030 by the improvement in management

China is one of the largest contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the livestock sector is a major source of non-CO2 GHG emissions. Mitigation of GHG emissions from the livestock sector is beneficial to the sustainable development of the livestock sector in China. This study investigated the provincial level of GHG emissions from the livestock sector between 2000 and 2020 in China, to determine the driving factors affecting the provincial-level GHG emissions from the livestock sector, based on the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model, which took into account of technological progress, livestock structure, economic factor, and agricultural population. Moreover, a gray model GM (1, 1) was used to predict livestock GHG emissions in each province until 2030 in China. The results showed that the GHG of Chinese livestock sector was decreased from 195.1 million tons (MT) CO2e in 2000 to 157.2 MT CO2e in 2020. Henan, Shandong, and Hebei provinces were the main contributors to the reduction in Chinese livestock GHG emissions, with their livestock GHG emissions reduced by 60.1%, 53.5% and 45.5%, respectively, in 2020 as compared to 2000. The reduction in GHG emissions from the Chinese livestock sector can be attributed to two main factors: technological progress and the shrinking of the agricultural laborers. In contrast, the agricultural economic development model with high input and high emissions showed a negative impact on GHG emission reduction in China’s livestock sector. Furthermore, the different livestock structure in each province led to different GHG reduction effects on the livestock sector. Under the gray model GM (1,1), the GHG emissions of the livestock sector will be reduced by 33.7% in 2030 as compared with 2020 in China, and the efficiency factor will account for 76.6% of the positive effect of GHG reduction in 2030. The eastern coastal region will be the main contributor to the reduction of GHG emissions from the Chinese livestock sector in 2030. Moreover, recommendations (such as upgrading livestock management methods and promoting carbon emission mitigation industries) should be proposed for the environmentally sustainable development of the livestock sector in the future.

Internal factors of Kazakhstan's economic security in the context of the formation of a new development model

Subject. This article discusses the problems of implementation of a new model of economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Objectives. The article aims to identify the main factors affecting the economic security of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its regions. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical and comparative analyses. Results. The article finds that social and environmental factors have a significant impact on the economic security of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in addition to the economic ones. Conclusions. The impact of all various factors on the economic security of the country and its regions should be considered and assessed as trend changes in real-time mode.

Relación entre desarrollo sostenible, economía y pobreza

Throughout this document, the opportunity is provided to show the relationship between sustainable development and economic growth, focusing on their definitions, their disparity and their consequences, at the same time that it gives us a vision on the evolution of the importance of economic development and of their inability to solve the problem of poverty. The satisfaction of the needs of the human being, would go through seeking a balance between economic growth, care for the environment and social welfare, a breakdown of this balance has put into question the traditional model of economic development, in which they raise fundamental questions where the very accumulation of wealth creates poverty. The bibliographic search carried out has led us to obtain a series of conclusions on the proposed terms,in which a robust social solidarity economy would lead us to the eradication of poverty. This work takes us to a reflection on the sustainability of natural resources, the viability of the economic development model and its rate of growth in a context of globalization in which localities are left behind, but without being forgotten, although they have no involvement in models that meet their development needs.

Investigating the Impact of Economic Growth on Pollution Index in Emerging Market Countries

This research aims to provide answers to two problems: to analyze the influence of economic, ecological, and demographic variables on environmental quality and which variables of the three have more influence on environmental quality. Using panel data analysis, with 24 Emerging Markets countries as the research objects and a series for the period between 2013 to 2022, it was found that: (a) the variables of economic growth, greenhouse gases, petrol consumption, and population influence the pollution index, while carbon emissions have no significant effect on the Pollution Index in Emerging Market countries; (b) the variables that have the greatest influence on the pollution index in emerging market countries are ecological and demographic variables compared to economic variables. Based on the findings, the implications for policy implementation are: (a) providing understanding to the public about ecology; (b) increasing population must be balanced with increasing education for the community to provide information about maintaining environmental quality; and (c) directing a sustainable economic development model in all countries through an appropriate and consistent policy framework. Theoretically, this research contributes to sharpening and understanding the flow of thinking of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-03-07 Full Text: PDF

The Role of Digital Educational Platforms in Shaping New Models of Economic Development

The article explores the role of digital educational platforms in shaping new economic development models, addressing the current challenges in the global economy. The study aims to analyze how these platforms impact human capital development and innovation ecosystems. Using analysis, modeling, and comparative methods, the research examines the interactions among participants in the educational process and their effects on economic growth. The findings reveal that digital educational platforms facilitate the creation of integrated ecosystems that bring together businesses, educational institutions, and regulators, thereby fostering economic activity driven by knowledge and innovation. The study illustrates the system of interaction between participants within a digital educational, highlighting how these platforms streamline and integrate educational processes into modern society, where universities are evolving into centers not only for knowledge accumulation and transfer but also for its commercialization. In this context, two global information systems are increasingly in demand: digital educational platforms and an innovation ecosystem organized by industry or region. The article characterizes key aspects of human capital development and the enhancement of economic competitiveness through the use of digital platforms. It offers recommendations for integrating these technologies into global educational processes and assesses their potential impact on sustainable economic development. The practical value of the study lies in its potential to guide the development of strategies for advancing digital education. The originality of the research is highlighted by its identification of new forms of economic activities emerging from interactions within digital educational platforms. Future research prospects include examining how digital educational platforms affect various socio-economic groups. Type of article: theoretical.

Synergies between the circular economy and carbon emission reduction

Climate change and sustainable development drive transformation in economic development models. Carbon emission reduction and the circular economy propel climate change and sustainable development, yet it's unclear if they synergize or counteract each other. This study examines the question from theoretical and practical perspectives. Using a theory-practice framework, bibliometric and big data analyses were conducted on the Web of Science and Chinese case data, totaling 2.29GB, to explore synergies between carbon emission reduction and the circular economy. The study finds predominantly synergistic interactions between the circular economy and carbon emission reduction, with minimal offsetting effects. That is, the circular economy markedly enhances carbon emissions reduction. At the theoretical level, the two fields are gradually evolving towards in-depth research, while at the practical level, collaboration is coalescing around four areas: hot fields, potential fields, auxiliary fields and common goals. A noteworthy contribution of this study is the development of a framework that synergizes theory and practice, providing a structured approach for future research in this domain. By quantifying the synergistic and offsetting relationship between the circular economy and carbon emissions reduction through systematic big data analysis, this research offers insights essential for achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. We also stress the need for diverse case studies and multi-dimensional analyses in ongoing research.

The impact of economic growth targets on the level of green development-A perspective on officials’ promotion incentives and environmental regulations

Currently, China is at a critical stage of accelerating the green transformation of its economic development model, with considerable attention being paid to achieving this transformation while maintaining moderate economic growth. This study uses 271 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020 to examine the impact of local government economic growth target constraints on the level of green economic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results show that economic growth targets significantly inhibit the level of urban green development, with this effect being more pronounced in the economically developed eastern regions of China. Hard constraints on economic growth targets have a greater inhibitory effect on green development than soft constraints. The greater the promotion pressure on local officials, the stronger the inhibitory effect of economic growth target constraints on green development. The test of the mediation effect model reveals that economic growth targets can inhibit green development by affecting the degree of regional marketization, leading to mismatches in the capital and labor markets. Moreover, environmental regulations can mitigate the inhibitory effect of economic growth targets on green development levels. The conclusions of this study provide useful insights for local governments to optimize economic development target constraint mechanisms and accelerate high-quality green economic development.

Is urban innovation capacity shaping new models of economic development? Evidence from the circular economy

AbstractCircular economy (CE) theory emphasizes that following the reduction, reuse, and recycling (3R) principles can promote the practice of the CE; at the same time, innovative technologies support the feasibility of these principles. However, in academia, it remains unknown whether innovative technologies can be used to effectively implement CE theory. This study estimates the CE performance of 280 cities in China using the super‐efficiency SBM–data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and analyzes the relationship between urban innovation capability (UIC) and the CE using a two‐way fixed‐effects model. The research findings are as follows: First, UIC enhances the CE performance. Second, unlike in green finance, when inclusive finance reaches a certain threshold, the promoting effect of UIC becomes stronger. Third, UIC has both a positive direct effect (local cities) and an indirect effect (neighboring cities). Mechanism tests on improving people's livelihoods, strengthening clean energy development, optimizing industrial structure, and improving agricultural productivity can explain these two effects. Finally, compared with general innovation, the impact of green innovation capability is greater, especially when it comes to green invention innovation. In addition, an innovation‐driven CE shows significant results in terms of carbon reduction and household income. This study theoretically and empirically confirms the driving force of innovation in the CE, providing favorable policy suggestions for countries facing economic transformation, such as China.

Substantiation of theoretical and methodological approaches to the determination of economic efficiency

Relevance. An analysis of the problems of modern science and practice shows that the process of transition from one model of economic development to another, better one, implies the emergence of a number of phenomena characteristic of a market economy. For example, such a concept as “economic efficiency”. This concept is used by almost all business entities at different levels, since it allows quantitative and qualitative assessment of the condition of the object. Scientists from different times have studied this concept; accordingly, there are different interpretations and methods for determining economic efficiency. The works contain completely different interpretations of the concept under consideration, implying its different properties and elements. The situation is caused by the versatility and multidimensionality of this concept. Therefore, the formation of modern approaches to determining economic efficiency, which will sufficiently correspond to the general theory of performance management and modern requirements of the economy and society, is extremely necessary.The purpose is to substantiate theoretical and methodological approaches to determining economic efficiency.Objectives: consider the concept of “efficiency”; establish the relationship between “efficiency” and the concepts of “effect” and “effectiveness”; identify common and distinctive features of these concepts; determine the essence of economic efficiency; consider the main approaches to evaluating effectiveness.Methodology: comparative analysis, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, logical analysis.Results. The article discusses the concept of “efficiency”, their relationship with the concepts of “effect” and “effectiveness”. The general and distinctive features of these concepts are established, the essence of economic efficiency is determined, and the main approaches to their assessment are considered.Conclusions. As a result of the work carried out, it was substantiated that economic efficiency consists of such elements as: the ability to assess the degree of achievement of the set goal, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view; the need to use a systematic approach to calculate economic efficiency; taking into account the time factor and the limitation of all resources necessary to calculate economic efficiency.

Sustainable Development of Entrepreneurship through Operational Risk Management: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility

The goal of this paper was to study the role of corporate social responsibility (by the example of responsible HRM) in the sustainable development of entrepreneurship through operational risk management. The correlation analysis method was used to find a close connection between the number of employees and operational risks to international companies from “Global 500” in 2021–2023. The regression analysis method was used to compile the economic and mathematical model of the sustainable development of international entrepreneurship, which demonstrated wide opportunities for operational risk management through responsible HRM. The method of trend analysis allowed determining scenarios of the sustainable development of international entrepreneurship, which demonstrated that in the Decade of Action, the success of operational risk management is largely determined by the activity of the use of responsible HRM practices. The main conclusion is that responsible HRM facilitates the reduction of operational risks to modern companies, but practices of responsible HRM have different impacts on operational risks to companies: some practices (creation of knowledge-intensive jobs and stimulation of the innovative activity of employees through support for research talents) reduce operational risks, while some practices (stimulation of the growth of labor efficiency and attraction of female researchers to the staff) have a contradictory impact, and other practices (development of human capital through corporate training) increase operational risks. The theoretical significance is because the paper discloses the previously unknown consequences of responsible HRM as a special sphere of manifestation of corporate social responsibility for the operational risks of companies. The practical significance is because the compiled scenarios disclose the perspective of the sustainable development of companies through the improvement of the management of their operational risks based on responsible HRM. The managerial significance is that the proposed recommendations from the authors for the practical implementation of the optimistic scenario can be milestones for companies and can be used to improve the practice of operational risk management of companies.

A footloose capital model of economic development

AbstractWe present a footloose capital model in a two‐country economy and the manufacturing and natural resource sectors with heterogeneous manufacturing firms to analyze the impacts of trade liberalization and technological progress on the net capital flows, net export, and social welfare. Our main analytical result is that a lagged country initially experiences capital outflow due to the high technological gap in the manufacturing sector with increasing returns to scale, then capital inflow due to the home market effect. This corresponds with the fact that China was a net importer of manufactured goods initially, and became a net exporter recently. These results are consistent with the data obtained after the reform and opening‐up policy in 1978.

Relationship between Sustainable Development, Economy and Poverty

Throughout this document, the opportunity is provided to show the relationship between sustainable development and economic growth, focusing on their definitions, their disparity, and their consequences, at the same time it gives us a vision of the evolution of the importance of economic development and of their inability to solve the problem of poverty. The satisfaction of the needs of the human being, would go through seeking a balance between economic growth, care for the environment, and social welfare, a breakdown of this balance has put into question the traditional model of economic development, in which they raise fundamental questions where the very accumulation of wealth creates poverty. The bibliographic search carried out has led us to obtain a series of conclusions on the proposed terms, in which a robust social solidarity economy would lead us to the eradication of poverty. This work takes us to a reflection on the sustainability of natural resources, the viability of the economic development model, and its rate of growth in a context of globalization in which localities are left behind, but without being forgotten, although they have no involvement in models that meet their development needs.