Model Of Market Economy Research Articles

К вопросу об адаптации производственных объединений промышленного сектора Алтайского края к рыночной модели экономики в первой половине 1990-х гг. (на примере ОАО «Барнаульский аппаратурно механический завод»)

К вопросу об адаптации производственных объединений промышленного сектора Алтайского края к рыночной модели экономики в первой половине 1990-х гг. (на примере ОАО «Барнаульский аппаратурно механический завод»)

Borrowing Statistics and Modeling Analysis Methods to Explore Universal Laws in Economic and Financial Systems

After more than three decades of reform and opening up, China’s socialist market economy has been recognized worldwide. Not only has the productivity and people’s living standards greatly improved, but it has also won a high international reputation in China. The global market economy model includes the US free market economy, the Japanese-style executive market economy, and the northern welfare market economy. Each of these market economic models has its own characteristics, but some basic characteristics are the same. How to deeply analyze and understand the essential characteristics and development trends of the economy is of great significance. Therefore, in order to explore the universal laws in the economic and financial system and promote economic development, this paper specifically investigates and analyzes China’s economic market through statistical and modeling analysis methods. It is found through investigation that China’s primary and secondary industries are developed. However, for the sustainable and effective economic development, the development of the third economy is inevitable. I hope that the research in this article can provide a certain reference for China’s economic development.

Breaking Say’s law in a simple market economy model

This paper analyses a multi-sector market economy where preferences are non-homothetic and satiable. Capital and labour are the production factors. Food and manufactured goods are produced with a constant-returns-to-scale technology and an increasing-returns-to-scale technology, respectively. Results include: an original capital accumulation process is required for manufacturing industrialization to take place, a minimum market size is needed for the economy to operate, and capital property concentration diminishes aggregate demand. Full general equilibrium is possible for intermediate degrees of capital concentration, but the price system collapses under high degrees as an economy regulator, labour unemployment is unavoidable, and a minimum wage is justified to enhance economic activity.

Towards sustainable development in China: do political rights and civil liberties matter for environmental quality?

China is a rising power of the twenty-first century with its brilliant economic performance as a result of the transition to the free market economy model. However, China's economic development process has caused high environmental costs. For the past decade, China has been the leading country responsible for global carbon dioxide emissions (CO2). Therefore, determining the dynamics that have a reducing effect on CO2 emissions in China is very important for the development of sustainable environmental policies. This paper aims to examine the impacts of the institutional structure on environmental sustainability in China. To this end, the study follows the method of cointegration with multiple breaks that produce robust econometric results and consider structural changes. According to the results, (i) the validity of an N-shaped EKC relationship is supported between economic growth and environmental pollution. (ii) Industrialization and trade have an increasing impact on environmental pollution. (iii) Political rights and civil liberties have a reducing effect on environmental pollution. Consequently, this study implies that political rights and civil liberties can make an important contribution to achieving sustainability goals in China.

Siren song: Chinese economic diplomacy regarding Portugal (the case of the energy sector)

The main purpose of this article is a brief analysis of China and its economic diplomacy regarding Portugal, as a Member State of the European Union. The analysis was developed throughout several points. First, the Chinese model of socialist market economy within a global environment configured by liberal ideas. Second, the main characteristics of China's economic diplomacy model, one where the economic and the political are closely intertwined. Third, a focus on the economic attractiveness that China exerts upon Portugal, in particular, the Chinese investment in the Portuguese energy sector. Finally, some conclusions about the possible consequences for Portugal economic and strategic dependence on China in a world where the US‐China rivalry is growing.

Peculiarities of reproduction of human capital in rural areas

The article summarizes the factors that have the most significant negative impact on the development of social and economic spheres of rural areas. Research on the response of human capital to destructive manifestations in the economy is highlighted, as well as a number of factors of manifestation of these destructive phenomena in the development of rural areas. Analyzed the most priority problems of development of rural areas in relation to each stage of social progress. Isolated and characterized the key steps in the development of the agricultural sector and its spatial framework of rural territories, namely with the settlements in which they lived rural, and has concentrated material and technical means of production. The highest priority issues of rural development in relation to each stage of social progress are analyzed. The key stages of development of the agricultural sector and its spatial basis – rural areas, namely with the settlements in which the villagers lived and the material and technical means of production were concentrated, are highlighted and characterized. Special attention is paid to the causes of migration of the rural population, which in turn has led to the search and analysis of certain measures to inhibit the negative effects of this process. It was found out that the implementation of agrarian and land reforms, as well as the transition to a socially oriented model of market economy had a negative impact, resulting in an increase in the number of degrading villages and the formation of new organizational and legal forms. A number of negative trends affecting the development of the agricultural sector have been identified, among which the social resources of rural areas are a priority. It was found that the main element of social resources of the village is the rural population, the lion's share of which belongs to labor resources, which act as a link, which determines the interdependence of its economic and social development. It is substantiated that the constant presence of the socio-economic system, which is a rural area, in a state of counteraction to "external shocks" causes changes in the specific content of the characteristics of the environment and its resources, which requires consideration of its state in developing strategic rural development programs. The basic principles of formation of human capital reproduction potential of rural territories are allocated, functions of rural territories as a habitat and vital activity and directions of purposeful policy of rural development are generalized. Key words: reproduction of human capital, rural areas, sustainable development, rural development.

Market Model with Positive Demand Curve Overthrows Marxist and Keynesian Model

In this paper is analyzed the demand and supply side from the perspective of Marxist theory. The supply and demand side is both analyzed with their respective characteristics in capitalism, socialism and in a mixed economy. The possibilities of a macroeconomic equilibrium by considering the following concepts such as commodity, value, price, profit are analyzed. The aim of this paper is: to develop through a non-exhaustive analysis, the common features and differences between macroeconomic models of the aggregate market in the two systems, to build the aggregate market of a macroeconomic model by taking into account these characteristics and to emphasize its importance for the economy. In conclusion, differences between concepts related to macroeconomic equilibrium were identified. A new equilibrium model for the socialist and capitalist model was built. In centralized economies, demand and supply curve lies in a parallel curve with the X-axis, were domestic product is placed. In the market economy model, the demand and supply curve has a positive slope and stretch simultaneously over the market price line. They do not intersect with each other as in the Classical and Keynesian model. This market model applies to the economy. It allows governments, central banks, research institutions, universities, various researchers, etc. to analyze macroeconomic indicators. In this paper, the model is applied to the Albanian economy. In this paper, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and description, the method of creating virtual market models, etc.

A Pricing Approach Toward Incentive Mechanisms for Participant Mobile Crowdsensing in Edge Computing

Owing to the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of mobile Internet, mobile crowd sensing (MCS) has been recognized as a promising method to acquire massive volume of data. However, due to the massive perception data in participatory MCS system, the data privacy of mobile users and the response speed of data processing in cloud platform are hard to guarantee. Stimulating the enthusiasm of participants could be challenging at the same time. In this paper, we first propose a three-layer MCS architecture which introduces edge servers to process raw data, protects users’ privacy and improve response time. In order to maximize social welfare, we consider two-stage game in three-layer MCS architecture. Then, we formulate a Markov decision process (MDP)-based social welfare maximization model and investigate a convex optimization pricing problem in the proposed three-layer architecture. Combined with the market economy model, the problem could be considered as a Walrasian equilibrium problem according to market exchange theory. We propose a pricing approach toward incentive mechanisms based on Lagrange multiplier method, dual decomposition and subgradient iterative method. Finally, we derive the experimental data from real-world dataset and extensive simulations demonstrate the performance of our proposed method.

Aggregated Economic Analysis of the Brazilian Electricity Distribution Companies Using a Regulated Market Economic Model

While most of the research work in the field of electrical engineering was aroused by the scientific challenges to be overcome, it is fair to recognize that the practical importance of engineering hinges on its economic impact on the market, the whole society and the environment. Thus, nowadays economic modeling, analysis and optimization of the electricity market is of the utmost significance. This work presents an aggregated economic analysis of the Brazilian electricity distribution companies using an economic model of a regulated market. The fundamental agents (consumer, power utility, government, society) are represented in the TAROT—Optimized Tariff Model, which is applied to the majority of the distribution companies in Brazil, based on public real data available from ANEEL—the Brazilian electrical energy regulatory agency. This reveals the economic flows in the regulated market of each company and also presents their financial status in terms of over-investments or under-investments compared to optimal investments and positive, negative or zero economic value added of each company. Moreover, the model analysis shows the socioeconomic welfare added to society in face of different optimization objectives.

Firms in financial distress: evidence from inter-firm payment networks with volatility driven by ‘animal spirits’

This paper elaborates an agent-based model of a pure market economy to provide theoretical evidence on how volatility-induced changes in inter-firm payment networks affect the financial distress of firms. This volatility is driven by ‘animal spirits’ in that it arises from the feelings of optimism/pessimism independently of rational decision-making, and influences the liquidity available to each firm through the inter-firm payment network; consequently, some firms may enter financial distress. The model first determines the inter-firm payment network. Then, a mean-reverting square-root process introduces volatility into the inter-firm payment network through firms’ propensity to pay suppliers according to the payments that firms expect to receive from customers. The model is calibrated for compatibility with relevant macro- and microeconomic stylized facts. According to computational experiments, financial distress in the business sector is minimized when feelings of optimism/pessimism generate the lowest volatility in firms’ propensity to pay suppliers. In addition, this volatility must materialize around an intermediate value of firms’ propensity to pay suppliers, and firms must keep this intermediate value over time.

Chinese economic diplomacy regarding Portugal: promoting business or concealing geopolitical ambitions?

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the objectives and possible consequences of the Chinese investments in Portugal in the last decade. Are they business as usual in a globalized economy, or something else inside a broad political strategy? Trying to answer this question, the approach will be made both through the lens economic diplomacy and the geopolitical analysis. The research will be developed throughout several points: firstly, the Chinese model of socialist market economy within a global environment configured by liberal ideas; secondly, the main characteristics of China’s economic diplomacy model, one where the economic and the political are closely intertwined; thirdly, a focus on the economic attractiveness that China exerts upon Portugal, having the investment in the Portuguese energy sector as a case in point; and finally, some conclusions about the possible consequences for Portugal economic and strategic dependence on China in a world where the USA–China rivalry is growing.

UNIVERSIDADE AGOSTINHO NETO: UMA ANÁLISE DOS CONTEXTOS E PROCESSOS DE PRODUÇÃO DE TRABALHOS CIENTÍFICOS

O contexto e o processo revelam os obstáculos que têm condicionado o desenvolvimento da Universidade Agostinho Neto (UAN), como espaço autónomo de investigação e produção do conhecimento ao nível dos cursos de doutoramento nas Unidades Orgânicas (UOs), designamente, as Faculdades de Ciências Sociais, de Direito e Economia. Estes obstáculos são tão generalizados ao ponto estarem associados à natureza do regime político que vigorou em Angola, logo a seguir a Independência de Portugal em 1975. É de notar que as transições políticas têm, na verdade, assumido ritmos e características distintas, por exemplo, a passagem do monopartidarismo à democracia pluralista semi-liberal, do centralismo burocrático administrativo e económico à um modelo de economia de mercado no início da dêcada 1990s. Porém, o reacender do conflito violento ofuscou o fervor pela mudança estrutural com impactos reais no exercício das liberdades cívicas e académicas, e bem como na promoção do estado de direito regido pelo primado da lei. Ao contrário, a autoridade originada das reformas constitucionais que se seguiram ao fim da guerra civil tornou-se absoluta no exercício do poder e estruturalmente personalizante quanto ao modo da administração da res publica. Este artigo argumenta que a UAN – apesar dos esforços de reforma da actual administração – ainda é uma caixa de ressonância dos paradoxos do regime que propecia a fraca investigação científica, a megacefalia pedagógica. Dando-se mais relevo a um tipo de ensino que resulta em baixos índices produção como os constatados nos doutorandos nas UOs analizadas.

Big-Data Industry and Personal Information: The Organization of the Market for a Better Distribution of Wealth in the Global Digital Economy

The law is essentially a conservative process of socio-cultural identities. The big data industry on personal information is no exception. Absent an international system of rules to govern cross-border data flows, different approaches for the definition of a data flow regime characterize the three biggest digital markets in the world: United States, China and the European Union. Starting from the assumption that the regulatory framework must protect the model of a free market economy in data flow across countries, these notes analyze and compare the three regimes by taking into account their effects on freedom of choice for consumers and free competition - i.e. the hendiadys of the free market economy - and the increase of inequality in the distribution of the wealth generated by the industry.

Systemic Interaction of Center and Regions in Ukraine (basics of national-civilizational security)

The article poses and solves the problem of achieving coordinated interaction between the Center and the Regions as a single, organic and dynamic system of a sovereign independent state. Modern approaches of liberal and planned principles of overcoming bureaucratic and corrupt arbitrariness and urgent resuscitation with intensive revival of economic and vital activity of Ukraine, which is purposefully destroyed under external influence, are considered. The main provisions of the report of the President of France Emmanuel Macron in August 2019 on the Great Fracture in European and world civilization processes are revealed. The main ideas and directions of the Plan of the Great Reset and implementation of the fourth industrial revolution of June 2020 of the Davos World Economic Forum are presented. A meaningful chronology of the formation of the organizational mechanism for the introduction of inclusive capitalism and its management and staffing is given. The equivalence of the principles of homeostasis of economic and biological systems is considered by comparing the restoration of the viability of the global network economy and marine biological systems (on the example of a vampire octopus). Generalized signs of international and state terrorism in Ukraine. The necessity to change the Anglo-Saxon model of open market economy to socially oriented one using the doctrine of 3 "S": social forecasting, social planning and social management is substantiated. It is proposed to use the experience of the United States and Great Britain on social planning and the European financial model of people's capitalism. Based on the proposals of Emelyanov O.S. to enhance the role of the Center in cooperation with the Regions, it is recommended to develop National and Regional Human Development Programs. It is proposed to develop a Planning Code of Ukraine based on the provisions of the model of socially adequate management with encyclopedic criteria for their use at the national and regional levels of government.

Energy efficiency policy: impact of green innovations

The European energy policy is a core role in the development of the new model of the energy market and carbon-free economy in Ukraine. In the paper, the authors analyzed the key issues on the way to implement the European policy on increasing energy efficiency and green innovations which emphasized in pro et contra. The performance of national energy policy could be limited by the market instruments, the efficiency of the smart grid and perception of innovations in the energy sectors, institutional development in general. Thus, the paper aimed to indicate the impact of green innovations on sustainable development and the country’s energy efficiency for 2000-2019. The authors used economic and mathematical modeling. The Ordinary Least Square Model was used for the integral assessment of energy efficiency policy. The authors analyzed nine sub-indicators from four Sustainable development goals (Affordable and Clean Energy, Decent Work and Economic Growth, Responsible Consumption and Production, Combating Climate Change) and the indicator which characterized the innovation costs of industrial enterprises in the energy sector in Ukraine. The methodological instrument for checking the hypothesis and empirical justification was software stats models в Python 3.6.11. Due to the seven rounds of optimization, the authors developed significant functioning. Considering the finding of Ordinary Least Square Modelling, the authors highlighted the determinants which influenced the efficiency of energy policy: dependence on energy imports by-products, real GDP per capita, and final energy consumption. At the same time, the final energy consumption had less effect on the efficiency of energy policy and demonstrated the negative relationships with energy efficiency. The results of the models were verified using RESET and Jarque-Bera tests and confirmed the correctness of the proposed model. Keywords: energy policy, sustainable development goals, green innovations, energy efficiency.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ ФИНАНСОВОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ

The article presents the basic conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the definition of the social sphere and the mechanism of its financial support, gives the views of Russian and foreign scientists on the nature and content of the studied economic category, considers the existing problems in solving social issues in the conditions of market economic relations, models and features of financial The social security mechanism used in Russia and abroad assesses the role of the social sphere in the development of the economy.

Some Issues of Transformation of the Sphere of Education and Labor Market and their State Regulation

The author analyzes the socioeconomic transformations of the sphere of education at the stage of late capitalism (commercialization, bureaucratization, managerization, financialization). These transformations are due to the marketization of education. It also shows the changing role and place of the state at this stage of development of the capitalist system. The influence of these changes on the social sphere, for example, the sphere of education, is studied. Changes in the labor market are determined and their impact on education. It is concluded that there is a need to adjust the interaction of the labor market and the education sector. The state should be an active participant in this process. The Object of the Study. Changes in the role of the state at the stage of late capitalism. The Subject of the Study. Socio-economic transformations in education at the stage of late capitalism. The Purpose of the Study. From a theoretical point of view, determine the impact of change The Main Provisions of the Article. 1. Modern stage of development of the capitalist system (late capitalism) it is characterized by a neoliberal model of market economy. It is characterized by market fundamentalism and reduced budget financing of the social sphere, the global hegemony of financial capital and the globalization of all spheres of human activity. 2. The market economy of late capitalism is characterized by the marketization of the social sphere, in particular, education. 3. In the market economy of late capitalism, the place and role of the state is changing. 4. The social sphere becomes the main sector in the structure of the economy at the stage of late capitalism, since it is in it that the main productive force of society is formed - the creative potential of a person. 5. In Russia in the field of education observed the regressive trends which have an impact on the labour market. 6. In turn, there are changes in the labor market that require a certain response from the education sector. 7. At the stage of late capitalism, it is necessary to adjust the interaction of the labor market and the education sector. The state should be directly involved in this.

ІСТОРІЯ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ В УКРАЇНІ У ДРУГІЙ пол. ХХ – на поч. ХХІ ст.

The article is devoted to the study of the history of state regulation in the tourist sphere in Ukraine, as a component of socio-political and economic development of the country. The peculiarities of the management of the industry at the time of Ukraine’s joining the USSR along with the presence of a bureaucratic and controlling apparatus were determined. The article focuses on the study of the history of the formation and development of state regulation of tourism commencing with the proclamation of Independence to the present. The need for a well-considered and competent approach to determining the place and role of the tourism industry in the current challenges is emphasized. At present, it is the acknowledged fact that in many countries of the world the tourism industry has long been established and is steadily developing, having a material base and providing work to millions of people, which undoubtedly positively influences the development of individual states. In Recent years, building of market economy model in our country requires the development of fundamentally new approaches to the formation of effective regulatory mechanisms in the field of domestic tourism. There is a number of problems in Ukraine that do not contribute to the development of the tourism sector, leading to significant destruction of economic and social relations in tourism industry. The reasons for the inefficient realization of the competitive advantages of Ukraine’s unique resource potential are the lack of a comprehensive system of public tourism management in the regions; subordination of establishments for temporary accommodation of tourists as well as sanatorium-resort, health and recreational establishments to different ministries and departments; imperfection and «scattering» of the legal framework; slow rate of growth of investments in the development of the material and financial facilities of tourism industry; lack of state support and a comprehensive approach to the promotion of the national tourism product in the domestic and international market of tourism services; insufficient level of information infrastructure development; imperfection of the database regarding tourist destinations etc.

Demand response procurement framework: a new four‐step probabilistic method

This study presents a new market-driven and transparent pricing mechanism for demand response (DR) that ensures social welfare is maximised. The existing methods have DR priced at the electricity market clearing price (EMCP), where the EMCP is determined in a market solely comprised of aggregated generator price bids and demand bids. DR supply bids are not included in the current economic market model, resulting in inefficient markets. The authors also present a new metric, Actual Price, which captures two key elements missed by EMCP: (a) the price paid to DR suppliers (EMCP covers only the price paid to generators); and (b) the reduced pool of paying consumers when DR suppliers leave the buyer pool. An implementable process for DR planning using the authors’ new concepts is presented. Results are shown for systems with and without location pricing. The results demonstrate that the proposed DR procurement method yields lower Actual Prices than existing methods and results in savings for customers. These ideas can guide regulators in determining market-based pricing policies for DR as well as Independent System Operators and system operators in determining DR procurement levels.

Financial distress, free cash flow, and interfirm payment network: Evidence from an agent‐based model

AbstractThis paper provides theoretical evidence about financial distress in the business sector in relation to firms' targeted free cash flow (FCF). An agent‐based model of a pure market economy is designed so that a population of firms interact with one another and with a bank. The model determines the interfirm payment network arising from supplier–customer relationships on the basis of a random graph with uniform attachment mechanisms. The interfirm payment network shapes both the liquidity available to each firm and the debts firms incur to finance these payments. Eventually, firms might not have sufficient liquidity to meet their debt requirements, hence their financial distress. Firms that target higher FCFs must reduce their payments to suppliers for the same amount of payments they expect to receive from customers. This influences the interfirm payment network and, therefore, firms' financial distress. On this basis, computational experiments introduce variations in FCF targets. The lowest FCF targets lead to the lowest levels of financial distress in the business sector. Our simplified case of interactions opens the way for further research that employs more complex agent‐based models.