Economic Efficiency Criteria Research Articles

Zero waste as an economic criterion of efficiency of the mining enterprise’s activity

When assessing the economic efficiency of economy’s mining sector, the following economic problems are of priority: the state of mineral deposits, the concentration of property, the raw material economy, dependence on world prices for raw materials, volatility and risks, the deficit of foreign investments, and so on. The issues of the economic environment’s volatility and limited financial and economic resources, rationalization of the use of resource determinants of regional development as well as their modernization development factors, the issues of creating a favorable institutional and infrastructural environment are regarded to be urgent. As a tool for the formation of the regional economy is the regional clustering direction and subregional economic systems, the prospects of which are associated with the processes of integration of economic entities. The current stage of development of the Russian economy is positioned as a deep transformation of commodity production according to the radical improvement of technology development. The addition of potential of chemical energy to the predominantly mining mechanical energy opens up new prospects to be involved in the operation of still inaccessible mineral resources. This process requires the development of other economic efficiency criteria. The proposed criterion for the mining enterprise’s evaluation effectiveness is a priority condition of non-waste production. Environmental damage due to improper use (waste) is differentiated based on the amount and cost of lost metal and mineral ingredients at local, regional, global and hierarchical levels. The damage components and economic efficiency can be determined based on the extent of utilization, costs and technological level of production.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF COMPANIES OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

The article examines the dynamics of changes in the number and composition of business entities engaged in temporary accommodation and catering. Also, enterprises engaged in temporary accommodation and catering are grouped by size and their sales volumes (goods, services) are analyzed. The article reviews modern approaches to interpreting the concept of "hotel and restaurant business" as a type of economic activity and economic sector; the concept of the hotel and restaurant business as a sectoral economic system. Defined dominant features of the hotel and restaurant business and features of state regulation of its development. In accordance with the superior tools and means of government, the main mechanisms of state regulation of the industry in question are defined. The article examined the features of the hotel and restaurant industry in Ukraine as a type of economic research. The article explored the concepts of "organizational structure of the hotel", "hotel management", "economic efficiency" and "criterion of economic efficiency." The main approaches to assessing the economic efficiency of the hotel and restaurant business have been characterized. The proposed directions for improving the assessment of quality of service in hotels in Ukraine. The main ways of improving the strategy and tactics of price management in hospitality and restaurant business enterprises are proposed. The article explored the formation of a modern domestic tourism market, increased specialization and cooperation in tourism enterprises, providing conditions for the development of various types of domestic and inbound tourism, Ukraine’s integration in the system of the world tourist market, the development of international cooperation in the field of tourism, as well as solving a whole range of tasks in the field of personnel in the hotel and restaurant industry. The problems of the hotel market are considered. Considered the place of hotel and restaurant services in the tourism industry and the hotel industry, as an important component of the tourism industry

EVALUATION MANAGEMENT BROILER PRODUCTION PROJECTS AT BAGHDAD PROVINCE USING MANAGEMENT CRITERIA

This research aims were to evaluate management of broiler production projects in Baghdad province via using the criteria of management, included production index and economic figure (PI and EF) that specified to those projects. in addition to criteria of economic efficiency also applied (INME) index number of management efficiency, in order to the research requirements, data were obtained based on a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, which was collected by personal interview of (60) projects of the broiler production projects from (516) projects representing 11.6% of the research community in Baghdad province in 2016. The results show that mean of PI and EF was (338). The increase in these two criteria is generally due to control of management procedures, while 48% of the sample projects according to the INME index gave values higher than 100. This reflects the effect of the high level of management efficiency on FCR and consequently on the level of production of meat broiler. The results were also shown in accordance with the economic and financial criteria used in the evaluation of meat broiler projects. All the categories of projects achieved positive returns. The research concluded that the sample projects are economically merit, with the benefit cost ratio (1.5). Also the broiler projects rely little on the permanent work represented by the number of administrators. This is confirmed by the low percentage of fixed costs, The research recommends to adoption of modern administrative, production and technical methods to manage the production of broiler projects and to encourage investment in such of these projects because of their economic efficiency and featured in the short cycle of capital.

Ensuring the reliability and safety of renovation facilities when introducing modern methods of building control

The purpose of this paper is to compare building control procedures in the countries of the European Union (EU) and Russia. Considered issues are related to regulatory regulation in countries, a fundamental approach to control, participants, performance results, as well as a vector for the development of construction control activities. The solution of these problems was carried out with the help of studying the foreign experience of research on this subject, as well as studying the regulatory framework for this area in the Russian Federation and the countries of the European Union. As a result of the science-metric analysis, a systematized database of official sources for regulating construction control was created. In addition, the concept of automated control was developed. The result obtained allows us to develop a comprehensive system of building control, to ensure an increase in the safety of construction and installation works. Using the data obtained, it is possible to take into account the experience of both structures and create automated software to track the construction process as a whole or as individual parts, to timely eliminate the identified defects. The possible options for improving software technologies for building control that differ from the others is by the possibility of choice of independent and dependent control parameters, by model of processing results of the construction process control in order to localize the defective situations and minimize the size of the secondary damage from the effects of the commissioning of buildings. Based on the obtained data the further development of models and algorithms for construction control of buildings and structures providing the required level of reliability and safety of their construction and operation, taking into account technical and economic efficiency criteria.

Резерви зростання ефективності зовнішньоекономічної діяльності підприємства

The theoretical and practical approaches concerning revealing the reserves of growth of foreign economic efficiency of domestic enterprises activity are investigated. The essence, conditions of formation and components of organizational and economic mechanism of efficiency determination of enterprises foreign economic activity have been substantiated. Two methodological approaches to determining the efficiency of enterprises foreign economic activity are investigated. One of which is based on the calculation of the overall indicator of the efficiency of foreign economic activity of the enterprise – the profitability of foreign trade operations. The other one is based on the calculation the effectiveness of particular concluded foreign trade agreements. The choice of methodological approaches has been argued as to the analysis of enterprises foreign economic activity, the technique of carrying out of such analysis has been elaborated which is based on application of particular economic-statistical and economic-mathematical methods. The system of estimated indicators has been defined, as well as the criteria of enterprises foreign economic activity efficiency by calculation of economic efficiency indicators and indicators of the effect. The main directions of the search for reserves are outlined: resource, technological, organizational.

MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TAX ECONOMIC REFORMS IN EU COUNTRIES

The article substantiates the necessity to introduce systematic and effective tax eco-reforms in the context of resource-oriented economic development by the European Union countries. The performance and effectiveness of the reforms are estimated in relation to the main four groups of environmental taxes: energy taxes, pollution taxes, resource taxes and transport taxes. The macroecological policy of the European Union countries is the object of the undertaken analysis. The article examines the impact of macroeconomic factors on environmental taxes across the EU, using a correlation analysis toolkit. Four groups of macroeconomic parameters were selected for analysis: internal macroeconomic factors (nominal GDP, real GDP, inflation, business cycle stage, budget deficit, energy consumption level); external macroeconomic factors (government debt, exports, foreign direct investments); institutional macroparameters (environmental culture, shadow economy, trust in government) and fiscal macroparameters (tax culture and fiscal freedom). The economic interpretation of the obtained correlates is given. Based on the correlation analysis, stimulators and de-stimulators of tax environmental reforms across the EU were identified. It is established that the factors that positively influence on the tax environmental reforms are the overwhelming majority of the analyzed factors. The formation of indicators of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms is undertaken for six countries of the Community. In particular, the analysis covers three economic leaders (Germany, the United Kingdom and France) and three leading EU countries in the field of environmental tax collection (Latvia, Greece and Slovenia). The article presents approaches to improving the assessment of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms based on the consideration of fiscal (budget-filling) and reproductive (multiplicative) functions of environmental taxes. In this regard, the environmental tax multiplier and accelerator, as well as the GDP elasticity coefficient for environmental taxes, were calculated for the analyzed group of countries. The criteria of economic efficiency of tax eco-reforms are proposed. Keywords: environmental taxes, macroeconomic effect, macro-environmental policy, multiplier, accelerator, elasticity

Influence of the contractor’s payment method on the economic effectiveness of the construction project from the contractor’s point of view

Abstract The scope of the paper is the problem of the economic effectiveness of the construction project from the contractor’s point of view. The two main construction contract types are taken under consideration: the unit price contract based on the bill of quantities and the lump sum contract. The net present value (NPV) is adopted in this paper as the basic economic efficiency criterion of the construction project. The NPV of the project for the contractor is calculated here as the sum of all future monthly contractor’s cash flows (both incoming and outgoing) discounted by using the monthly cost of contractor’s capital invested into the project. For the cash flow calculations, two basic payment methods are considered, depending on the type of the contract: the monthly payments in the case of the unit price contract and the payments for the WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) billing elements in the case of the lump sum contract. The contractor’s monthly cash flow analysis also makes it possible to determine the monthly cash requirements for the contractor to finance the works each month and the total cash requirement to finance the project as the whole. This allows the contractor to correctly plan the financing of the project depending on the type of contract and the payment method. Moreover, using the optimization techniques known in the scheduling theory, for example based on the priority rules as in the case of the RCSP, one may try to improve the economic effectiveness of the project or to lower the cash requirement for the project.However, as shown by the authors, it does not have bring the expected results in the case of the lump sum contract.

THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT OF STATE REGULATION OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT MACROREGION

This paper presents the study multiplier effects of government regulation of industrial development of the macro-region by the example of the Russian Arctic (Russian Arctic), made in the process of writing a doctoral dissertation Lapochkin LV on «Industrial policy of the Arctic zone of Russia: theoretical and methodological basis» and its discussion in the St. Petersburg State University of Economics. The novelty of the study is: first, in the view of the Russian Arctic as a macro-region; secondly, forming a conceptual model of a multiplier based on the criterion of national economic efficiency and system constraints, reflecting the direction of the structural industrial policy with regard to the development of non-oil economy; in the third, the formulation of multiplier effects in the fields and methods of exposure. The purpose of this article is to analyze the multiplier effects of government regulation of industrial development of the macro-region of the Arctic, as a basis for the construction of the multiplier model.

ВИБІР КРИТЕРІЇВ ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПОЛІТИКИ ПІДТРИМКИ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ

At the moment, Ukraine has set targets for expanding the use of renewable energy sources (RES), while one of the key tasks is to substantiate and accurately assess the economic efficiency of using RES with the use of various criteria and indicators. The purpose of the article is to research and develop scientific and economic decisions on the assessment of the efficiency of the use of renewable energy sources, and to justify the selection of criteria for assessing renewable energy support policies. Renewable energy policy is a matter of ongoing assessment, because it implies significant financial support that should be monitored continuously and thoroughly. The article highlights five criteria for assessing renewable energy support policies: efficiency, efficiency, equity, institutional feasibility, reproducibility (long-term functioning). The article substantiates the choice of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the policy of supporting renewable energy sources, namely the criterion of economic efficiency, which includes static and dynamic efficiency. Effectiveness shows the ratio of realizing the goals of developing RES to the cost of resources that have been spent to achieve these goals. The article presents the calculation and justification of the use of indemnification indicators that characterize the criterion of economic efficiency. The criterion of justice and its estimation are analyzed. Comparison of the use of the provided indicators of political support for renewable energy sources has been com pared. The parameters of dependence of dynamic efficiency are determined. Advantages of RES technologies relative to traditional generation depend to a large extent on local conditions: where there are favorable conditions for implementation of RES technologies, it is possible to achieve lower generation costs based on RES, rather than fossil fuels. In most cases, generation costs based on RES are higher than in traditional generation. Over time, these costs will fall, but by the time that renewable energy reaches the parity with traditional generation, the state will have to bear additional support for the industry with appropriate political support using a variety of criteria with the appropriate set of indicators.

EFFICIENCY OF MODERNIZATION OF WHEEL-MOTOR BLOCKS (WMB) USING ANTI-FRICTION TRACTION MOTOR SUPPORT BEARINGS (TMSB)

Purpose. The use of anti-friction traction motor support bearings (TMSB) instead of plain friction traction motor support bearings is a priority direction of locomotive development both for newly constructed locomotives and for those in operation. The solution of the set tasks for introduction of wheel-motor blocks (WMB) with anti-friction bearings demanded the search for alternative variants and new technical solutions. The purpose of the article is to determine the feasibility of re-equipping the diesel locomotive wheel-motor blocks with anti-friction bearings through the life cycle calculation (LCC). Methodology. The procedure and criteria for assessing the economic efficiency of project (investment) proposals and investment projects approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine envisage that the cost-effectiveness analysis of an investment project is carried out according to the following criteria: net present value, internal rate of return, discounted payback period and profitability index. The use of these criteria of economic efficiency fully corresponds to modern principles, theoretical-methodical approaches and world practice in evaluating the efficiency of investments. The evaluation of the technical and economic efficiency of the modernization of the diesel locomotive wheel-motor block is made on the basis of calculation and comparison of the following criteria: the net present value (NPV) of modernization, the internal rate of return (IRR), the profitability index (PI) and the discount payback period. Findings. The results of the calculations of the values of the main criteria show that the innovative project for the modernization of the locomotive provides a high level of economic efficiency. At the same time, the value of the discounted payback period of investments in modernization indicates that it is expedient to carry out this operation if the residual life of the upgraded locomotive of the M62 series is at least 15 months. Originality. Taking into account the specifics of the type of locomotive work in freight traffic, we developed a method to determine the individual components of the average annual economic effect of modernization of the diesel locomotive wheel-motor block, which includes saving of oil costs, repairing and servicing the diesel locomotive wheel-motor unit, as well as change of TMSB brass and saving fuel costs for traction. Practical value. The results of the work make it possible to determine the expediency of modernization of diesel locomotives taking into account the features and conditions of their operation and the specifics of modernization.

Strategic Priorities to Improve Effectiveness of Anti-smoking Interventions for the Korean Military: An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process.

As South Korea remains technically at war with the North, higher smoking prevalence in the military might adversely affect the South Korea's military power and contribute to lifetime smoking in men with mandatory military service. This study was to identify priorities among the anti-smoking strategies to improve the existing smoking cessation programs for the Korean military. The analytic hierarchy process model with a goal, decision criteria, and sub-criteria as well as candidate strategies, was developed following a literature search and expert group discussion. A survey for pairwise comparison was conducted to determine the priority of the (sub-)criteria and strategies by 14 experts. The Super-Decisions software was used to determine the priorities and to analyze their consistency ratios and sensitivities. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare. Eight candidate strategies were developed to improve the effectiveness of military anti-smoking interventions as follows: (1) development of outcome enhancement plans for smoking cessation programs for the military, (2) development of differentiated smoking cessation programs for specific groups, (3) building of community network for continuity and accessibility of anti-smoking project, (4) building of industry-academia-government networks for anti-smoking project, (5) improvement of the perception of and strengthen the reward for smoking cessation, (6) development of a training system for army clinicians for the delivery of smoking cessation services, (7) creation of a certification system for smoking cessation programs, and (8) development of an evaluation system of project performance for smoking cessation. Through the analytic hierarchy process survey, the military specificity and its sub-criterion of practicality were selected as the top concerns of decision criteria for the anti-smoking strategies among the decision criteria of outcome improvement, military specificity, publicness, and economic efficiency. The most important strategy was to improve the perception of and strengthen the reward for smoking cessation. This strategy was most focused on the creation of an anti-smoking environment and improvement of the effectiveness of the projects. The creation of a training system for army clinicians for the delivery of smoking cessation services ranked second. In conclusion, motivating smoking cessation and utilizing well-trained army clinicians were found to be the most important anti-smoking strategies for the Korean military. This study might provide valuable insights for policy makers to reduce tobacco use in the Korean military.

Operational personnel decision-making supportautomatic system at nuclear power plant generating unitsby criterion of technical economic efficiency with dueconsideration of reliability factors

New methods and approaches to development of nuclear power plant unit imitation models development. An imitation model is proposed for nuclear power plant unit developed on the basis of oriented graph applied to unit flow diagram description logic-numerical operators for calculation of parameters and characteristics determining its operation efficiency, reliability and safety. Automatic system is described developed on the basis of imitation model for decision-making support, applied to analysis of VVER nuclear power plant unit operation efficiency with due consideration of equipment operation reliability and safety indices.

The experience of functioning of the dairy cluster of the Voronezh region in the aspect of observing the criteria of economic efficiency

In the article the analysis of tendencies of development of sector of dairy animal industries on the basis of formation of a dairy cluster is given. It is shown that the structure of dairy cattle breeding in the Voronezh region is built in the form of a milk cluster, in the functioning of which most of the existing enterprises of the dairy industry take part. The largest participants of the dairy cluster are: EkoNivaAgro LLC, GK Molvest, Agroholding Don-Agro. In the cluster, all the operations of the whole milk production process are carried out, starting from the production of feed and breeding of breeding animals and ending with the delivery of finished products to the end users. Also, the cluster included auxiliary organizations that carry out scientific, educational, research and veterinary support of the entire production chain. Within the framework of the cluster, effective interaction of all its participants is established, which is necessary for obtaining high quality milk and dairy products. The advantage of a dairy cluster in the Voronezh region is the opportunity to provide targeted benefits to organizations that are important for the economy of the region, and the state gets the opportunity to regulate innovation, investment flows and evaluate the effectiveness of financial investments. The implementation of investment projects in animal husbandry in the medium term (for the period until 2020) will increase milk production by 30%. The economic efficiency of dairy cattle is a cumulative category that reflects the impact of technological, economic, social and environmental factors on the productivity of production. Cluster development of the dairy cattle breeding industry in the Voronezh Region allows obtaining a positive synergistic effect, reducing transaction costs, and increasing the genetic potential of dairy cattle.

TAX AND DEBT STRATEGY OF FISCAL REGULATION OF THE TRANSITIVE ECONOMY

Topic . In modern circumstances, it is especially the acute question of developing new priorities ensuring the dynamic development of the economy. Among the tools of state regulation of economic growth, it is of special importance ensuring an efficient interaction of fiscal and debt policy. The article examines the problem of establishing an optimal balance between taxation and public borrowing to solve the optimization problem of financial provision of the state’s functions and maximizing GDP growth. Purpose . Taxation is an alternative source of replenishment of the budget to government borrowings. In the article, the author proposes new approaches to the formation of tax and debt policies. Also, it is grounded the most desired quantitative relation between tax and debt burden. Methods . In the article, we used a content analysis of the optimization and descriptive analytical models of the relationship of fiscal expansion (spending) of the state and economic growth. We used economic and mathematical models of the tax and debt strategies. Based on the comparative analysis we assessed the ability of tax to ensure the functioning of the state against the potential fiscal effect of economically justifiable government borrowing and the total amount of expenses of the budget. Results . The use of these models allowed comparing the evaluation of future debt burden under different parameters of economic development and match them with possible values of the tax burden. Derived indicators can be compared with the permissible values of indicators of the safe level of debt. It has practical meaning, both for national security and for identifying opportunities for the placement of new loans. Conclusions . The strategy of tax policy should be based on scientific methodological principles of fiscal relations between taxpayers and the state. Government borrowing is advisable to use exclusively for funding capital investments. Social expenditures, which are not secured by tax revenues and/or state borrowing, definitely needs to be reviewed in accordance with criteria of fiscal adequacy, economic efficiency, and social justice.

Vacuum boilers developed heating surfaces technic and economic efficiency evaluation

The vacuum boilers as manufacturing proto types application analysis was carried out, the possible directions for the heating surfaces development are identified with a view to improving the energy efficiency. Economic characteristics to evaluate the vacuum boilers application efficiency (Net Discounted Income (NDI), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI) and Payback Period) are represented. The given type boilers application technic and economic efficiency criteria were established. NDI changing curves depending on the finning coefficient and operating pressure were obtained as a result of the conducted calculation studies.

Интеграционный подход в формировани комплексной модели управления качеством медицинской помощи

Object: the improvement of model of state medical institution management. Aim: the scientific substantiation, development and involvement of complex model of quality management in the state medical organization, integrating economical, marketing and psychological technologies, assuring competitive advantage and development of the institution. The main idea: the use of integrational method in the creation of complex model of quality management of medical care in dental institutions, consisted in integration of economical, marketing and psychological technologies. Methodology: - The unity of consciousness and activity principle (A.N. Leont'ev, S.L. Rubinstein and others.) - The systemic principle (P.K. Anohin, V.P.Kuzmin, B.F.Lomov and others) - The determinism principle ( A.V.Brushlinskiy, L.S. Vigotskiy, A.V.Petrovskiy and others) - The development principle (B.G. Aganiev, L.I. Anciferova, L.I. Bozovich and others Results: Integrational method creates the scientific base for unification of the leading efficiency factors of medical help: economical, marketing, psychological. The quality management model of medical help considers the specific of the activities of the state medical organization and is determined by the peculiarities of composition of the patient population in need of medical care, profile structure of institution, orientation on the main needs of population, and psychoemotional stability of specialists. Conclusion: Theoretical analysis of the problem of quality management of medical care showed that current models and methods directed on the improvement of medical care and service have contradictory character and based not only on final result and economic efficiency criteria (professional, administrative model), but on process using complex of measures directed on more efficient and resultative activity of organization (industrial model). The state politics to improve the quality of medical care and to create the market of medical service and competitive environment in health care offer to use as scientific methods and practical instruments: licensing, standardization, accreditation and competency analysis of specialists and their personal, professional efficiency.

Adaptive Model for Controlling the Pollutants’ Runoff to the sea Based on the Criteria of the Production Economic Efficiency and the Marine Environment Bio-diversity

Adaptive Model for Controlling the Pollutants’ Runoff to the sea Based on the Criteria of the Production Economic Efficiency and the Marine Environment Bio-diversity

КРИТЕРИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИХ КОМАНД СУБЪЕКТОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The criteria of economic and social efficiency of regional management teams’ activity in Russian Federation subjects are offered. Economic criteria on the basis of the National investment climate’ results rating in 2015-2016 are revealed. They reflect regional management teams efforts on enterprise development and investment climate. Social criteria on the research of results of the All-Russian competition of the social and economic development in Russian regions are revealed. They characterize activities of regional management teams for improvement qualities and the standard of the region’s population living.

Urgent Problems of Valuation of Recoverable Oil and Gas Reserves

Economic, technical, technological, and organizational problems of subsurface management, primarily oil and gas, are considered. The authors justify the necessity of cardinal restructuring of the valuation system for mineral resources and the assessment of the efficiency of their development projects. Social (economic) efficiency criterion should top the agenda here as in several developed countries. This will help not only consider the requirements of the country’s long-term sustainable development but also improve considerably the oil, gas, and condensate recovery factors and reduce the negative environmental consequences. Simultaneously, it is necessary to balance out the interests of the subsurface user, the state, and society, which requires certain changes in the organizational and economic mechanism of implementing subsurface management projects. If oil and gas projects are implemented in conditions of uncertainty and risk, the organizational and economic mechanism of their implementation should envisage the adaptation of projects to the changing conditions and the methods of valuation of reserves should be updated.

AN ECOLOGICAL ECONOMIC PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT

The forest as a natural phenomenon is an ecological economic system meets economic, ecological and social needs, i.e contributes to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. The main function of a forest ecological system is carbon dioxide absorption, oxygen production, climate and water regulation and the production of other useful public goods, i.e. ecosystem services. The ecological economic paradigm for sustaining forestry is a component of broader paradigm and a step towards establishing national and global green economies. It makes necessary to replace the traditional criterion of maximizing profit with the integral criterion of ecological economic efficiency. The article deals with the physical nature of a forest, its economic, ecological and social functions, principles of management and the criterion of ecological economic efficiency of economic activity. It is proved that an ecological economic paradigm ensures the formation of close to nature forestry and should become categorically imperative for forestry practices throughout the world.