Economic Development Priorities Research Articles

Water Security of the Kazakhstan-Russia Border River Basins: Kazakhstan’s Perspective

Introduction. The article analyzes water security issues in river basins of the Kazakhstan-Russia border region, as well as transboundary cooperation in this area. These issues are analyzed from a Kazakhstani perspective, which has distinct characteristics compared to the Russian perspective but cannot be considered without taking the latter into account. Methods and materials. The study is based on the concept of water security. For the first time, the northern water basins of Kazakhstan with their transboundary rivers are viewed through the lens of this concept as a single entity with common problems, many of which require solutions at the international level. The study also relies on an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Kazakhstan-Russia agreements on transboundary river issues, as well as a quantitative analysis of water levels, pollution, and other characteristics of the relevant water basins. Data obtained from Kazakhstani state institutions, particularly from the state enterprise “Kazhydromet,” are analyzed. Using this data and the ArcGIS program, maps of Kazakhstan’s hydrographic basins were compiled. Analysis. The key security issues of the northern Kazakhstani transboundary water basins, including water scarcity, floods, pollution, and the degradation of biodiversity in coastal areas, are examined. Additionally, the effectiveness of Kazakhstan-Russia cross-border cooperation in addressing these issues is evaluated. Results. In the long term, water scarcity is the most serious challenge to water security, but natural disasters also require serious attention and more effective transboundary cooperation. It would be unjustified to place the primary responsibility on either single side for the water security issues in the region, as both countries have similar infrastructure and inherited economic development priorities from the Soviet era. The effectiveness of Kazakhstan-Russia cooperation in addressing water security issues remains ambiguous: on the one hand, the parties strive to resolve existing problems constructively, but on the other hand, their willingness to undertake coordinated and costly steps is quite limited. Contributions. K. Abdrakhmanov conducted SWOT analysis of empirical issues related to transboundary rivers and (together with S. Golunov) issues of transboundary cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia; S. Golunov conceptualized the problem of water security, applied it to the empirical parts of the work, and analyzed the issues of floods and threats to biodiversity; M. Muzdybayev collected and analyzed data on hydrography, hydrology, water use, and the environmental state of Kazakhstan’s water basins; Ye. Karakulov and A. Kabdeshev categorized and compiled cartographic material for the hydrographic basins of Kazakhstan using the ArcGIS program.

Improving the industrial development management system of the Donetsk People's Republic

Subject. This article discusses the economic development priority areas of the Donetsk People's Republic as a new subject of the Russian Federation. Objectives. The article aims to develop recommendations and proposals for improving the management system for the development of the Donetsk People's Republic's industry. Methods. For the study, we used logical and structural analyses. Results. The article reads of the need to improve the management system for the development of the Donetsk People's Republic's industry and the creation of a specialized ministry for the development of new territories of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. The article confirms the hypothesis that the effective development of industry in the new regions of the Russian Federation can be ensured on the basis of the creation of a centralized State structure that implements a systematic approach to the coordination of the activities of economic entities.

Multilevel Environmental Governance in Indonesia: Analysis of Implementation Pathways and Institutional Dynamics

This study examines Indonesia's environmental governance framework, focusing on the complex interplay between global environmental imperatives and local implementation challenges. Through a qualitative analytical approach utilizing comprehensive secondary data, the research investigates how Indonesia navigates environmental governance while balancing economic development priorities. The study analyzes the integration of traditional ecological knowledge with modern environmental management approaches and examines the effectiveness of adaptive governance mechanisms in addressing diverse environmental challenges. The findings reveal that Indonesia's multilevel governance system, while facing coordination challenges, demonstrates significant potential in developing comprehensive environmental frameworks. The research highlights the critical role of institutional capacity building and stakeholder engagement in environmental governance, particularly in balancing economic development with environmental protection. The study also identifies key challenges in implementing environmental policies across Indonesia's diverse archipelagic territory, including intergovernmental coordination issues and resource allocation barriers. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the importance of context-specific approaches in environmental governance, particularly in integrating traditional knowledge systems with modern environmental management practices. This study contributes to the broader understanding of environmental governance in developing nations and provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance environmental governance effectiveness while maintaining sustainable development objectives.

Evolution and Analysis of Water Yield under the Change of Land Use and Climate Change Based on the PLUS-InVEST Model: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province

Understanding the interrelationships between land use, climate change, and regional water yield is critical for effective water resource management and ecosystem protection. However, comprehensive insights into how water yield evolves under different land use scenarios and climate change remain elusive. This study employs the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) models, Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, and Geodetector within a unified framework to evaluate the dynamics of land use, water yield, and their relationships with various factors (meteorological, social, economic, etc.). To forecast the land use/cover change (LUCC) pattern of the Yellow River Basin by 2030, three scenarios were considered: economic development priority (Scenario 1), ecological development priority (Scenario 2), and cropland development priority (Scenario 3). Climate change scenarios were constructed using CMIP6 data, representing low-stress (SSP119), medium-stress (SSP245), and high-stress (SSP585) conditions. The results show the following: (1) from 2000 to 2020, cropland was predominant in the Yellow River Basin, Henan Province, with significant land conversion to impervious land (construction land) and forest land; (2) water yield changes during this period were primarily influenced by meteorological factors, with land use changes having negligible impact; (3) by 2030, the water yield of Scenario 1 is highest among different land use scenarios, marginally surpassing Scenario 2 by 1.60 × 108 m3; (4) climate scenarios reveal significant disparities, with SSP126 yielding 54.95 × 108 m3 higher water yield than SSP245, driven predominantly by precipitation; (5) Geodetector analysis identifies precipitation as the most influential single factor, with significant interactions among meteorological and socio-economic factors. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in formulating land use and water resource management strategies.

Strategic priorities of regional economic development in the context of regulating non-monetary factors of inflation

A vast array of research works concentrates on such aspects of inflation processes as their essence, development factors, anti-inflationary regulation, etc., but precious few of them attempt to identify the factors of inflation in the strategic priorities of regional development. At the same time, economics and state policy at both national and regional levels recognise the significant effect of inflation on economic development. The paper deals with non-monetary factors of inflation in regions and develops a path for formulating regional policy on their regulation. The theories of regional economic development and inflation constitute the methodological framework of the study. The research methods include systematization, functional and comparative analysis, deduction. We identify the provisions of the socio-economic development strategies of the Ural macroregion’s member territories relating to the regulation of non-monetary factors in the development of inflationary processes. The identified aspects of inflation reflect the impact of its non-monetary factors on regional economic development and require anti-inflationary policy to be coupled with the areas of activity of regional authorities. We present a conceptual-logical model for framing regional policy on regulating non-monetary factors of inflation in an RF subject specifying the strategic priorities of economic development that influence regional factors of inflation. The model demonstrates that it is the state programmes of Russia’s constituent entities that are the main tool for regulating non-monetary factors of inflation in the regional government system. It coordinates price regulation measures in the regions with the goals and objectives of policy aimed at developing their economies. The findings contribute to the understanding of regional inflation factors and can be used by regional authorities when executing socio-economic development strategies.

Government Expenditure on Education, Educational Index, and Economic Growth in Nepal: An ARDL-ECM Approach

Education is a key priority in economic development, significantly impacting growth and society through its role in enhancing human capital and advancing technological knowledge. Government spending on education is crucial for providing equitable access to quality education and is widely believed to stimulate economic growth. This study examines the relationship between education, government expenditure on education, and economic growth in Nepal from 1990 to 2022, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and the Error Correction Model (ECM) to assess long-run and short-run impacts. The findings reveal that the educational index, gross capital formation, and population have a positive and significant impact on economic growth. In contrast, government expenditure on education, domestic credit to the private sector, and trade openness have negative and insignificant effects on long-run economic growth. Additionally, the educational index shows a negative and significant impact on economic growth in the short run. The study’s policy recommendations emphasize the need to increase government spending on education, implement effective mechanisms for spending, and enhance credit availability and trade openness to boost economic growth.

ESG-Driven Investment Decisions in Photovoltaic Projects

As global climate change intensifies and environmental awareness increases, investing in renewable energy has become a primary economic and social development priority. Photovoltaic (PV) projects, as a clean and sustainable energy technology, have garnered significant attention due to their notable environmental and economic benefits. However, traditional investment evaluation methods such as net present value (NPV) analysis fail to adequately capture the flexibility and future uncertainties inherent in PV project investments. This paper presents a case study analysis proposing a delay option model that incorporates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, providing a more scientific and flexible investment decision framework for PV projects. The case study results indicate that considering ESG factors significantly enhances the investment value of PV projects. This model not only provides comprehensive support for PV project investment decisions but also underscores the importance of establishing stringent carbon trading markets and policy incentive mechanisms to promote the widespread adoption and sustainable development of renewable energy projects.

Impact Asessment of One Pesantren One Product (OPOP) as a Government Economic resilient Program to Improve the Pesantren Small Enterprises in the East Java Province

Abstract. One Pesantren One Product (OPOP) is one of economic development priority programs initiated by the government of the province of East Java, Indonesia, under the Governor regulation No. 62, 2020, aiming to improve the entepreneurship of Pesantren (an Indonesian term for traditional Islamic school) to raise the society resilient in economy and develop Sharia economic ecosystem through out the region of East Java Province. Up to 2022, there are 750 Pesantren of which 174 Pesantren has been provided both trainings and funds as the benefits of the program. This study is aimed to evaluate the impacts of this 4 year ongoing program by surveying and collecting the primary data of Pesantren enterprise condition prior and subsequent to accepting the benefits of this OPOP program to assess how significance the program affects the growth of the Pesantren enterprise. The method used in this study is content analysis of an in-depth guided interview assessing seven research variables used in this study ; legality, human resources, products/services, marketing, cash flow, internal impacts and external impacts. All of these variables are the result of a Delphi consensus by inter-diciplinary academicians and inter-sectoral government officers. There are 34 samples is taken out of the 174 population with the method of multi-stage cluster random sampling, choosing 8 region in the province by cluster sampling and then choosing ten typologies of the enterprise by non-proportional stratified random sampling. The analysis technique used is a likert scale, to score each research variable in the context of both prior and subsequent conditions to receiving the benefits of the OPOP program resulting in categorization of 3 different classes, and how significance the impacts of the program to the seven variables research lead to the escalation of the class of the studied samples. The result is 62% of the Pesantren enterprise experienced class ascension with 4 enterprise typologies, which are Food raw material, processed food products, farming and beverage products, that is affected the most by this OPOP program.

Promoting sustainable development by mitigation of natural habitat quality decline through multifunctional urban land use: Insights from a multi-scenario simulation

Urban expansion threatens natural habitat quality (NHQ) and hinders the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. Whether and how multifunctional urban land use (MFULU) can mitigate NHQ decline under future urban expansion remains unclear. This study developed a theoretical framework for mitigating NHQ decline via MFULU, and examined the mitigation based on a multi-scenario simulation using the Patch-generating Land use Simulation model and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs model. Three future scenarios, each including MFULU and non-MFULU modes, were considered in the simulation: Business as Usual, Economic Development, and Ecological Priority. Urban expansion led to less encroachment into natural habitats in MFULU modes than in non-MFULU modes. Additionally, natural habitats were less aggregated, and more irregular than in non-MFULU modes under all scenarios, especially those with moderate and higher NHQ levels. Natural habitats were more aggregated and regular in MFULU modes than in non-MFULU modes under all scenarios. These results verified MFULU’s positive contributions in preserving natural habitats under the conservation effect of MFULU and improving the landscape patterns of natural habitats under the agglomeration effect of MFULU. The findings have implications for formulating land-sharing policies that realize win−win situations between sustainable urban development and a resilient ecological environment.

PUBLIC EVENTS AS A MEAN OF DESTINATION PROMOTION

Tourism is often considered as a strategic economic development priority not only in areas with high numbers of domestic and international visitors but also in more remote and rural areas. Their ability to attract visitors is often limited by the number and the range of available infrastructure and other tangible and intangible resources. Even defined as development priority, tourism promotion is often underfinanced due to municipality budget priorities and often short-term focus whereas tourism promotion requires long term approaches. Less developed areas are also lacking overall understanding of various tourism impact forms and public officers face challenges communicating tourism marketing spendings to the public. These trends fit under the category of public events as a means of tourism promotion. Two cities qualifying as regional tourism destinations have prioritised public events as tourism promotion priorities. The aim of the research is to explore perception of public events as tourism destination promotion tools in regional tourism destinations. Research is a case study of public events as a means of tourism destination promotion in Bauska and Talsi city. Primary data has been obtained via semi-structured interviews with involved stakeholders representing public and private sector to develop practically applicable recommendations to other tourism destinations.

Evaluating and simulating the impacts of land use patterns on carbon emissions in coal resource-based regions: A case study of shanxi province, China

It is essential for sustainable development worldwide to reduce carbon emissions (CE), however, how land use patterns in coal resource-based regions (CRBRs) affect CE remains less explored. Based on socioeconomic data and GlobeLand30, this study evaluated and predicted the influence of land use patterns on CE in Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2030. The key findings are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the area of cropland in the study area decreased by 4.85 × 105 ha and the area of construction land increased by 4.38 × 105 ha, with the increase in construction land coming mainly from cropland. (2) There was an increasing trend in the overall net CE, from 3.17 × 107 t in 2000 to 3.89 × 107 t in 2010 and 6.38 × 107 t in 2020. The land use CE had a spatial distribution characteristic of being high in the west and south and low in the east and north. The total CE was the largest in 2030 in business-as-usual scenario (BAUs), and the CE class of the cities in the study area was mainly high CE, while the ecological and economic balance scenario (EEBs) was higher CE. In 2030, the BAUs will have the largest total CE, and the CE levels of the cities will mainly high CE. (3) The decoupling state between the land use mix degree (LUM) and CE in the study area was mainly an expansionary negative decoupling over the past 20 years and changed from long negative decoupling to weak decoupling in the economic development priority scenario (EDPs) and strong decoupling in EEBs, which might be better suited to the future development of Shanxi Province. This study makes it easier to comprehend how different land use patterns affect the number of CE in CRBRs. Additionally, it provides other CRBRs with a theoretical framework and instances needed to research CE.

SUPPORT FOR YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS AS A PRIORITY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The development of entrepreneurial interest among young people represents an important alternative in terms of using the potential of young people. Youth unemployment represents a significant loss of human capital that could contribute to economic growth. The last challenges that young people faced (mass emigration abroad, general demographic decline, the COVID-19 pandemic), shows that it is absolutely necessary to support young people in starting their own businesses. Analysing the experience of the European Union in supporting young entrepreneurs, we found that the inclusion of young people in economic activity is characterized by certain specific difficulties. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that most of the analysed countries aim to develop entrepreneurial skills among young people through various mentoring and coaching programs, the dissemination of good practices and the sharing of experience. For the Republic of Moldova, the experience of the analysed countries demonstrates that the main support for young people to be interested in entrepreneurship, as a way of self-employment, is the promotion of public policies that must clearly indicate the need to develop and promote entrepreneurial education and culture, including the development entrepreneurial skills and an entrepreneurial mindset at all levels of education.

The Triple Helix Model as a Tool for the Economic Development of the Country on the Example of the Military-Industrial Complex of the Russian Federation

Relevance. The "state-science-business" model has firmly entered the practical sphere of human and social life as a signifier of many socio-economic processes. It is a systematic integrated approach to the consideration of problems exclusively applied areas that will allow them to be solved in the most effective way and in the shortest possible time. The economic sphere has always been considered by the state as one of the priorities, since a steadily developing economy provides ample opportunities for the development of civil society. Over the past few years, the President and the Government of Russia have outlined clear guidelines for the development of the economy, one of which is the modernization of the industrial complex of the state through the inclusion of the state and scientific and technological block in the industrial system. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the model of interaction "state – science – business" within the framework of Russia's economic development and the long-term plans established by the President of the Russian Federation concerning the modernization of the industrial complex. Objectives: to analyze the international experience of the development of the industrial complex; to consider the features of the formation and functioning of the domestic industrial complex; to study the current state and assess the prospects for the development of the economy and production on the example of the military-industrial complex of Russia. Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of the general provisions of the system theory and interinstitutional and transinstitutional communication using the system-structural method. Results. In the conditions of the established priorities of economic development at the highest level, it is necessary to: develop internal and external R&D; generate the creation of a new type of university, the ecosystem of which moderates ideas and projects requested by society and the state, releasing them into the real sector of the economy for production and economic development; introduce the university (science) into the business community; form engineering andscientific personnel potential. Conclusions. For the economic development of the country, it is necessary to strengthen the "state-science-business" relationships not only from the perspective of the industrial complex, but also scientific and educational platforms, including through the development of external R&D and their opening on the basis of higher educational institutions.

Modelling the influence of natural resources and social globalization on load capacity factor: New insights from the ASEAN countries

This study aims to evaluate the effect of natural resources and social globalization on load capacity factor in six ASEAN nations over the timeline from 1990 to 2020. To attain this objective, a diverse array of econometric methods, encompassing cross sectional dependency, slope homogeneity test, and second-generation stationary methods and cointegration techniques were applied. This research extended its analysis to include method of moment quantile regression fixed effects and fully modified ordinary least squares estimators to estimate the long-term relationships' coefficients. The results of the cointegration assessments provided confirmation of the existence of long-term equilibrium connections among the panel series in question. The long-term results of the study reveal a positive effect of natural resources, biomass energy and social globalization on load capacity factor levels, signifying the considerable potential of these indicators to impact environmental quality over the long term. In contrast, economic growth exerts a notable adverse influence on the environment quality in ASEAN. However, foreign direct investment has insignificant influence on load capacity in ASEAN. This study underscores that the ASEAN nations should embark on significant initiatives that emphasize the dual priorities of economic development and natural resource sustainability.

A novel and dynamic land use/cover change research framework based on an improved PLUS model and a fuzzy multiobjective programming model

Spatial reconstruction and scenario simulation of historical processes and future trends of land use/cover change (LUCC) can help to reveal the historical background of land conversion and the spatial distribution of future land. Moreover, there is a close relationship between the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use/cover and changes in different ecosystem services (ESs). Using this relationship to simulate future land use scenarios is important. In this study, an LUCC dynamic analysis framework (LSTM-PLUS-FMOP) was constructed based on a deep learning time series forecasting model (LSTM), a parallelized urban land use simulation (PLUS) model and a fuzzy multiobjective programming (FMOP) model. The PLUS model was used to analyze the driving mechanism of land expansion and explore the land conversion pattern. In addition, three land conversion scenarios were established: natural land expansion (NLE), economic development priority (EDP) and regional sustainable development (RSD). The FMOP model and the relationship between LUCC and ES were used to perform a spatial simulation of land conversion. The uncertainty parameters in the model were treated by intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFSs). This study applied the constructed framework to the Yellow River Basin of Shaanxi Province (YRB-SX). The results showed that (1) from 2000 to 2020, the cropland area of the YRB-SX continuously decreased by 12.67 × 104 ha, while the built-up area continuously increased by 28.25 × 104 ha. The net reduction in woodland and grassland area was 13.90 × 104 ha. (2) The relative error range of land prediction using the LSTM model was 0.0003– 0.0042. This model had better accuracy than the Markov chain prediction model. (3) The cropland area decreased by 0.26% (NLE), 0.85% (EDP) and 1.68% (RSD) under the three scenarios. The built-up area increased by 25.01%, 32.76% and 14.72%, respectively. The RSD scenario followed the principles of ecological protection and spatial constraints, which mitigated the degradation of the ecosystem to some extent. This coupled simulation framework will help to obtain land allocation schemes that meet the requirements of ecological protection and provide solutions for rational land management.

СТРУКТУРНАЯ ДИНАМИКА РОССИЙСКОГО РЫНКА ТРУДА: ЭФФЕКТЫ САНКЦИОННЫХ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ

After February 2022, when the sanctions pressure on Russia radically increased, the conditions and factors of development of the national labor market changed significantly. Despite the decrease in the unemployment rate, which reached a minimum for the entire period of observations conducted by Rosstat in accordance with the ILO methodology, the tension in this market did not decrease. Its nature changed. Structural problems came to the fore. The transition of the economy after a relatively short recession to growth led not only to the preservation, but also to an increase in demand for labor. It became so significant that even with the maintenance of labor supply volumes, the problem of labor shortage sharply worsened, becoming a systemic problem. Its main indicators are a record decline in unemployment and an acceleration in the growth rate of vacancies. New priorities for economic development have led to shifts in the employment structure. Regional labor markets, especially those with persistently high unemployment, have received additional impetus for development. In their totality, the sanctions restrictions, coupled with changes in economic policy as a response to increased geopolitical challenges, have led to a change in the functioning of the Russian labor market. Statistical analysis allows us to assess the scale and nature of these changes, but the question of how sustainable they are remains open.

THE INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES OF COOPERATION IN BUILDING A GREEN ECONOMY IN CAUCASIAN REGION

The article tries to find challenges and opportunities for regional cooperation in the green economy by the example of Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan. The green economy and regional cooperation are intertwined, offering pathways to sustainable development and environmental protection. By leveraging regional strengths and fostering collaborative approaches, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan can accelerate their transition to a green economy, benefiting both the environment and their populations. Of course, on the way to building a green economy, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan face some important challenges, and considerations like differences in economic development levels, political systems, and priorities among regional partners can hinder cooperation. Additionally, there are challenges related to financing green projects, technology transfer, and capacity building. Despite these challenges, there are significant opportunities for regions to collaborate on green innovation, create green jobs, and improve environmental sustainability. Regional cooperation can also enhance resilience to climate change and other environmental shocks. Moreover, the market cooperation, and international relationship between Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan green economies products themselves, can contain technology and knowledge transfer. Therefore one of the best ways to promote innovation in an industry (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), to have a Green Economy is to “improve its’ purchased from other industries.”

Анализ использования искусственного интеллекта в отраслях экономики и системе региональной исполнительной власти Российской Федерации

Announced as part of the Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly in February 2024, the Data Economy national project defines the demand for artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the system of public administration, economic sectors and business activities. AI technology is increasingly penetrating business activities, production processes, and the system of public administration, creating the need to improve methods for assessing its impact on economic development. The goal of the work is to supplement the methodological tools for assessing the level of use of AI in the economy of the Russian Federation. The object of the study is the use of AI in certain sectors of the economy and regions. The subject of the study is the interrelation between the balanced income of economic sectors, regions of the Russian Federation and indicators of the use of AI in entrepreneurship and public administration practice. The work considers AI not as a separate branch of the economy, but as a technology that, in turn, has an impact on the development of individual industries and regions. The author identified a direct dependence of the positive financial results of the activities of individual sectors of the economy, regions and the use of AI technology in them. The study shows that regions and industries with a relatively more favorable financial position use AI more actively. On the one hand, this creates opportunities for the development of industries and regions; on the other hand, it creates a lag in the application of AI technology. The obtained result is applicable in the system of state planning, determining priorities for economic development of both individual industries and the economy as a whole.

SUBSTANTIATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE STRUCTURAL AND ALGORITHMIC ORGANIZATION OF AN IOT MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SOIL AND CLIMATE PARAMETERS IN AGRICULTURAL CROP ENTERPRISES

Relevance. As one of the key sectors of the global economy, agriculture plays a decisive role in shaping sustainable economic development and ensuring food security worldwide. Achieving satisfactory indicators of food security and the export potential of agricultural products is a domestic priority for economic recovery and sustainable development. Accordingly, the development and implementation of modern digital technologies in agriculture becomes a strategically important task. The utilization of cutting-edge technologies for the agricultural sector, coupled with the improvement of cultivation and processing methods for agricultural crops, is a key element in ensuring the resilience and efficiency of the industry. The main aim is to conduct a critical analysis of existing solutions in the field of information monitoring for agricultural purposes. This analysis will allow the development of an optimized structural and algorithmic organization for the computerized system. This system is designed to implement effective monitoring and decision support for managing agricultural processes. The research object is existing approaches and methods for organizing monitoring systems in the agricultural sector to collect, transmit, and process measurement data. The research subject is information and communication software and hardware solutions in the field of computerized monitoring for agricultural purposes. Conclusions. It has been substantiated that the development and implementation of conceptual software and hardware solutions in information technology for monitoring soil and climatic parameters when cultivating agricultural crops in open-field conditions are currently a relevant scientific and applied task. The set of requirements for the structural and algorithmic organization of the IoT technology for soil and climatic monitoring has been substantiated. An analysis and selection of technologies on which the investigated hardware and software solution will be based have been carried out. The overall and detailed structural and algorithmic organization of the investigated IoT system for agrotechnical monitoring has been developed, and priority directions for further research have been established.

Providing incentives for the microelectronics industry as a part of achieving technological sovereignty

The Government of the Russian Federation is implementing comprehensive measures to counter sanctions, stabilize the economy, restore economic security, and achieve technological sovereignty. Draft laws to close lacunas are being considered, and measures taken to support domestic enterprises in the sphere of economic development priority areas. It is impossible to universally finance a wide range of projects, so the author of the article recognizes expediency of considering prioritization according to certain criteria, such as size of the industry, participation in value chains, efficiency, and operability of the industry at the moment. For the microelectronics industry, it is important to consider state of inter-industry balance indicators to generate orders and maintain economic equilibrium, as its manufactured products are consumed in almost all sectors of the economy due to digitalization penetration at different levels. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in global economy, analyze and predict actions of major players, analyze the Russian microelectronics industry, and rationalize suggestions based on the data collected. The suggestions are to create conditions for innovative development institutions interaction with groups of educational institutions in order to realize joint projects to create innovations. The methodological basis for building the model was provided by modern works in the researched area. The article considers main causes and problems preventing industries from getting out of the critical state within the framework of achieving technological sovereignty, analyzes current state of the microelectronics industry in the current geopolitical situation, and proposes external and internal ways to expand the ‘bottlenecks” in the form of measures to stimulate end-to-end technologies creation.