Economic Development Of Ukraine Research Articles

УПРАВЛІННЯ КАДРОВИМ ПОТЕНЦІАЛОМ ТОРГОВОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ КРИЗОВОГО СТАНУ

The most important consideration of the social and economic development of Ukraine is the rationalization and effective use of the personnel potential of the enterprise, which will allow its personnel to solve the problems of the educational and organizational tasks, as well as to make the right decisions in the most complicated, unsteady and rapidly changing ecological situations. Before changes in market skills on modern etipipa, only the percolate, which is aimed at a steady reduction, can only be replenished. Objectives increase the requirements for all staffing facilities at enterprises. The higher the level of personnel potential from the standpoint of the accumulation of professional knowledge, abilities, skills and motives to work, the more efficient the company operates. Mistakes in the process of personnel management lead to serious time costs, financial problems, which can cause the loss of competitiveness, and sometimes the death of the company. In this article theoretical aspects of formation of relations of a system of human resources management of a trading company with management. Need of introduction of system of management at the domestic enterprises for the purpose of ensuring economic development is proved. The essence of the concept of managing the personnel potential of a trading enterprise is determined. The components of the personnel potential of the enterprise are determined. Define the concept of crisis selected and grouped the key characteristics of the management system. Scientific approaches for defining the essence of management have allowed to form authorial interpretation of the term. On the basis of the analysis and generalization of the literature sources concerning anticrisis management, the main structural elements of financial anti-crisis business management of company are determined. We have come to the conclusions that the correct assessment of the effectiveness of the mechanism of management of the company is in the usage of the complex approach that will combine aspects of different mechanisms of anti-crisis stabilization.

CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF SCHOOL OF PERSONALITY INCREASE: FROM CREATIVE SELF-REALIZATION TO PERSONALITY BECOMING (SEARCHES AND PROSPECTS)

The article is sanctified to the search of methodological and didactics principles of design of development of the authorial pedagogical system. The authors of the article offer for consideration conceptual principles of the innovative educational system «Studio-dialogue» in relation to the prospects of development of individuality competense of life personality, intellectually free, that has aspiring to self-perfection and studies during life, high spirituality man with civil position, ready to the conscious vital choice and self-realization, professional activity and civil activity. A strategic aim and basic result of the innovative educational system «Studio-dialogue» is development of individuality competense of life personality, becoming of integral personality, action and the acts of that are determined by moral knowledge; to personality that owns the Ukrainian civil identity, by selective activity in her co-operating with a cultural and educational environment; by personality that is ready to the self-education, self-determination and to responsible behavior in the fleeting hi-tech competition multicultural world. The conceptual idea of School of personality increase answers the calls of time and creates the favourable mode of socialization of new generations. The system will nurse from strategy maintenance of cultural variety and unity of culture and decision-oriented the tasks put before education as social institute: providing of the civil world, social stability, economic development of Ukraine, that it is represented in her model. In the name of the educational system of School of personality increase a key for modern society concept is taken away is a «Studio-dialogue», that is interpreted as cooperation of different positions, presentations, ideas, characters, languages of sciences and arts, points of view, sent to arriving at mutual understanding of participants of dialogue; but as a method of cognition of the world, mastering of spiritual values, method of self-determination that allows to the man to learn to live in the conditions of variety of cultures, types of consciousness, looks.

Компаративний аналіз економічного розвитку України та країн – членів Європейського Союзу

Компаративний аналіз економічного розвитку України та країн – членів Європейського Союзу

Зайнятість сільського населення: проблеми і виклики на сучасному етапі економічного розвитку України

Зайнятість сільського населення: проблеми і виклики на сучасному етапі економічного розвитку України

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF A SOCIALLY ORIENTED NATIONAL ECONOMY

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF A SOCIALLY ORIENTED NATIONAL ECONOMY

Інтелектуальна міграція з України: історико-економічний нарис

The article presents a retrospective analysis of the Ukrainian population intellectual migration, its factors and motives. The author singled out the displacement of Ukrainian intellectuals, who had the most significant influence on the Ukraine’s development. In different periods, such migrations were caused by the colonial position of Ukraine as a part of different empires. This position caused the outflow of the intellectuals to the metropolises, because they provided more opportunities. Ukrainian intellectuals made trips to Muscovy to translate, to teach students and to teach children languages, beginning in the second half of the 16th century. At the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, the Ukrainians – mostly alumni and teachers of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy – became leaders of European culture and education in Muscovy. One of the important factors of intellectual migration was the political harassment of Ukrainians. The most crucial – in the meaning of intellectual losses – were following events: the emigration of Ivan Mazepa and his followers in the beginning of the 18th century; the publication of the Emsky decree in 1876; "The Philosophy Steamer" in 1921–22; and the establishment of Bolshevik-Soviet authority on the Ukrainian lands. The last one was analysed with the use of the conventional approach to the determination of the waves of massive migration of Ukrainian population. It was found that the largest outflow of intellectuals occurred within the second (interwar) and the third (after World War II) waves. This outflow became one of the factors that destabilized Ukraine's economic development and reduced this country’s institutional capacity. The author concludes that the outflow of intellectuals to the metropolises likewise the political emigration inevitably led to the exclusion of well-educated and active individuals from ethnic Ukrainian lands. However, emigration made it possible for intellectuals to survive, to reproduce intellectually and to educate the later generations, especially in the Soviet period. In conclusion, the author warned that the proposed results should not be seen as a call to restrict the mobility of intellectuals, as this could dam-age the scientific system as a whole. Instead, the author proposed to promote academic mobility as a tool to enhance the professional level of Ukrainian scientists and to create a competitive scientific environment in Ukraine.

FINANCIAL FRAUD: THEORETICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION AND ECONOMIC BASIS

Introduction. Intensive development of the world economic processes, contagion of globalization trends, growth of banking and other financial and credit services have led to increase in role of finance in modern life. In addition, an active use of the latest information technologies, cashless form of settlements has led to growth of various types of fraud in the financial sector. Therefore, study of theoretical and conceptual foundations of financial fraud and identification of its most important features is extremely relevant under today’s conditions of development of Ukrainian economy. Purpose of the research is to study the theoretical and conceptual foundations of financial fraud, primarily in terms of modern financial science and distinction between moral and psychological, economic and legal aspects of this phenomenon. Results. In spite of the fact that the concept of “financial fraud” gradually becomes more used both in Ukrainian scientific environment (even under the condition of absence of its clear legal regulation) in media and the Internet, as well as for objective and systemic research of problems related to financial fraud it is necessary to clarify the essence and content of this concept. On the basis of the works of domestic and foreign scientists, the author’s definition of financial fraud as a set of economic relations, implemented by legal entities or individuals (usually without violent actions), is in the process of formation, distribution and use of financial resources (income) by fraud or abuse of trust or service position for the purpose of obtaining economic and / or other benefits (personal, corporate or in favour of the third parties). Financial fraud as a phenomenon reflects the cash flows between the subjects of financial relations (the fraudster and the victim), which results in receipt of economic benefits by fraudster and losses – a victim of fraudulent activities. At present, financial fraud is a complex, multifaceted economic phenomenon that is based primarily on a psychological basis (it is thirst for easy money and unawareness that are the universal human weaknesses that “feed” financial fraud). In addition, the imperfect legal system contributes to the fact that various fraudulent schemes continue to be actively pursued in the state. Therefore, only a thorough and systematic study of financial fraud as an economic, antisocial, unlawful (and often supranational) act will contribute to the formation of necessary conditions and the development of effective measures to minimize it under modern conditions. Psychological, economic and legal nature of financial fraud is characterized. On the basis of official statistics, the dynamics of number and structure of crimes, related to financial fraud in Ukraine in 2015–2018, has been analyzed and highlighted at high level of their latency. The emphasis is made not on the important role of a state in overcoming this negative phenomenon. Conclusions. At present, financial fraud is a complex, multifaceted economic phenomenon that is based primarily on psychological basis (namely, thirst for easy money and unawareness are the universal human weaknesses that “feed” financial fraud). In addition, imperfect legal system contributes to the fact that various fraudulent schemes continue to be actively pursued in the state. Therefore, only a thorough and systematic study of financial fraud as an economic, antisocial, unlawful (and often supranational) act will contribute to the formation of necessary conditions and development of effective measures to minimize it under the modern conditions.

Modern patterns of development of the communication and informatization sphere

Information and telecommunication services are currently a full-fledged resource for social development compared to traditional resources. The growth of the level of scientific and technological progress has led to the incredibly fast development paces in the sphere of information and communication technologies, which has a significant impact on the development of the economy. On the basis of a thorough analysis of the sectors of information and communication technologies and components of the ICT development index, the article substantiates the need for accelerated digitization of the majority of enterprises of different spheres of economic activity with the aim of qualitative development of Ukrainian economy in order to increase its competitiveness in the world. This is explained by the fact that information and technology represent the main economic resource in the period of formation of information society and digital economy, and enterprises of the sphere of communication and informatization are a catalyst for social and economic development of the country as a whole. Using a methodological toolkit of the theory of systematic and correlation-regression analysis, an economic-mathematical model of the development of the sphere of communication and informatization in the regions of the world and individual countries of the world is constructed. It is based on the existing pattern of leading development of the communications sector, but takes into account the degree of economy dependence on the ICT development, which in some regions and countries is 100%. This is due to the approaching mass availability of ICT services in some countries in these regions. On the basis of the constructed model, the forecasting of GDP PPP per capita was carried out, which showed faster rates of growth of the country’s economy with the growth of the development level of the sphere of communication and informatization and accessibility of telecommunication services. In turn, the availability of telecommunication services is influenced by the digital skills of society and the level of their prices, which has necessitated determining the dependence of GDP PPP per capita on prices for communication services of countries with varying degrees of socio-economic development. This makes it possible to identify reserves for improving the productivity of individuals while increasing the availability of telecommunications services.

Features of innovative processes in the agro-industrial complex

Nowadays Ukraine faces the difficult times under the influence of economic and political crises. Therefore, the only perspective way of products’ competitiveness is innovations, in the first place in the areas where there are many resources and opportunities. Agriculture is one of such most important strategic directions of Ukrainian economy. At the same time agriculture is the supporting foundation for the development of many other types of activity and it can substantially influence the development of Ukrainian economy on an international scale. The paper dwells on the nature, features and problems of implementation of innovations in the agriculture of Ukraine. The features of AIS innovation processes in current conditions are defined. Main problems and obstacles to agriculture innovative development in Ukraine are outlined. The authors emphasize the following factors of low innovation activity of agricultural entities: direct attitude of contemporary entrepreneur to innovation processes and understanding of their role in achieving success; lack of state assistance; insufficiency of legislative basis of its provision in Ukraine. Currently Ukrainian agricultural enterprises have a huge capacity for operation at competitive markets as equal partners of global agricultural leaders. Available resources and natural-climate conditions are among their factors of success. However, fast development of technologies dictates new activity conditions to strengthen and improve their positions through innovations. Despite the range of advantages, Ukrainian agro-industrial producers lag significantly behind the advanced innovations and developments in the world. However, there are some examples of successful innovative agri-food companies. Major deterrent factors that cause the low innovativeness of agricultural entities are direct attitude of contemporary entrepreneur to innovation processes and understanding of their role in achieving success, lack of state assistance and insufficiency of legislative basis of its provision in Ukraine.

Inclusive development of Ukrainian regions: assessment, rankings and prospects

The paper presents the results of scientific research «Structural change as a basis of inclusive economic development of Ukraine» in terms of regional aspects. The concept of inclusive economic development is a new paradigm which can substitute traditional and outdated approaches to social and economic development measurement (as GDP for example). Leading international organizations and institutions conduct studies on different aspects of inclusiveness, such as: OECD, United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the European Commission, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Forum (WEF), World Bank, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG). In the presented scientific paper, the regional aspects and trends of inclusive economic development are brought to a focus. An analytical overview of the most representative and important international indices and ratings, relevant to the subject of study, which contain Ukrainian data, is presented. Among the most important indexes are: The Legatum Prosperity Index, The Global Competitiveness Index, The Global Innovation Index, Index of Economic Freedom, Doing Business Index etc. Also authors present approaches to assessing the level of Ukrainian regions’ inclusive development in the context of sustainable development goals (SDG). The methodology is modified by the authors on the ground of the Inclusive Development Index (by World Economic Forum). Inclusive Regional Development index of Ukraine (IRD) developed and presented by authors makes it possible to assess the regional characteristics of the seven key socio-economic areas: Economy, Business, Education, Health, Security & Defense, Environment, Social Capital. The key problem areas are identified. Directions of State structural policies are suggested to achieve the goals of inclusive development based on regional characteristics. The authors identified key problems and justification to promote the regions towards inclusiveness and sustainability.

Формування національної моделі економічного розвитку України під впливом глобалізації

Формування національної моделі економічного розвитку України під впливом глобалізації

Ukrainian economy development trends estimation based on the analysis of structural shifts

The article elaborates upon development trends in the economy of Ukraine taking into account structural shifts. Herewith it is proposed a stagewise procedure for the analysis of development trends of the country’s economy taking into account structural changes in industry and employment by sectors of economic activity. The authors present an indicator of structural shifts and evaluate efficiency of structural changes in the Ukrainian economy. In general, the structural shifts efficiency estimation shows that they are not effective in the Ukrainian economy, as the share of the services sector is increasing, while the productivity is growing more rapidly in the industry. The use of the presented analysis procedure will allow enhance efficiency of the strategies formulation of the country’s economic development.

Social aspects of Ukrainian economy development: current state and new challenges

Modern changes in the economy of Ukraine caused by the socio-political situation in the country as well as a number of initiated reforms encourage scientific exploration of the socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of the article is to conduct a problem-oriented analysis of the social component of the economy of Ukraine. The article presents the results of a study of socio-economic development of Ukraine during the past five years. The following areas of analysis were selected: labor markets, poverty, unemployment, income / expenditures of the population. Low growth rates of the subsistence level are proven to be causing a decrease in social standards, which negatively affects the living standards of the population in Ukraine; a significant drop in real income of the population in 2014-2015 aggravated the purchasing power of the population; the increase in the share of wages and social benefits in the structure of the population's income during the analyzed period is an indication of the excessive dependence of the population's well-being on state support, as well as the absence of the so-called middle class in the country. The visible growth in the unemployment rate is caused by the military actions in the East of Ukraine, the deepening of the financial and economic crisis and the deterioration of the socio-political situation in the country. Emphasis is placed on differentiation in wages in economic sectors. Low level of the average salary in the budget sphere is proven to be caused by the peculiarities of calculating the size of the minimum salary on the basis of the subsistence minimum, which ultimately leads to the “depreciation” of the work of employees of the budgetary sphere and the reduction of the cost of highly skilled labor. Challenges to further development of Ukraine have been identified, such as excessive unemployment, poor level of remuneration, the level of social protection, military conflict in Eastern Ukraine among the key ones.

Influence of european integration processes on social and economic convergence of regions in Ukraine-Eu cross-border space

Having declared the course towards European integration and having signed the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement, Ukraine has made concrete commitments on improving the life of its citizens. It pledges to achieve the level of EU countries’ system of public administration, when the residents’ rights are protected, they have more chances for self-development and are more confident in future. The way to this goal goes through domestic reforms, elimination of corruption, adaptation of European standards, economic integration and political association with the EU. The impact of European integration is already visible in some spheres of country’s activity, mainly in institutional and legislative fields, foreign economic activity of both the country and its border regions and implementation of European instruments in the sphere of cross-border cooperation. However, it is going to take time to observe the influence of European integration on social and economic development of Ukraine and its regions.

External conditions of bankruptcy institute functioning in the economy of Ukraine

Introduction. In modern conditions of Ukrainian economy development, it is interesting to justify certain measures to support enterprises in the conditions of national economy dependence on fluctuations in the world market and the inflation growth, in order to ensure the stability of business entity functioning in all spheres of the economy. Under such circumstances, effective bankruptcy institute functioning becomes of particular importance, since the possibility of industrial production growth, employment level increase and people life quality improvement depends on the financial recovery of enterprises of real sector economy.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to study external conditions of bankruptcy Institute functioning in the economy of Ukraine and their modern transformation. The obtained results determine what exactly should be done in the direction of further improvement of the regulatory instruments of state policy in this area. To achieve the goal, it has been used a complex of scientific research complementary methods of economic processes and phenomena, with an application of statistical and analytical materials, as well as the results of authors scientific research.
 Results. As a result of a study of external conditions of bankruptcy Institute functioning in the economy of Ukraine, it is determined that existing macroeconomic environment has a significant impact on its character of functioning, defining the goals and objectives of further transformation processes regulation. It is determined that the external factors of the macroeconomic environment are the most threatening because there is almost no opportunity to influence them at the enterprise level. In the research, the peculiarities of the external conditions of bankruptcy Institute functioning in the economy of Ukraine are identified based on the use of indicators that directly or indirectly help determine the effectiveness of bankruptcy institute, the laws of its development, and interaction of social, political, economic and other processes at the macro level.
 Conclusions. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be determined that most indicators testify difficult external conditions of bankruptcy institute functioning, with a certain improvement of the situation in recent years. Thereby, there is a need for further bankruptcy institute transformation, in order to maintain the balance between the interests of the state, economic entities, competitive market environment, and entrepreneurial activity risk minimization.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ “ЗЕЛЕНОЇ” ЕКОНОМІКИ ЯК ПАРАДИГМИ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ

This paper traces the origins of the green economy concept, providing the context for its current traction globally. The idea of green economy declared by UNEP in 2009 in its “Global Green New Deal” report is winning ever greater public attention. Its essence as the dominant paradigm at the present stage of social development is the ability to use the available free goods more effectively on the principles of interregional cooperation and mutual compensation of damages. The green economy concept promises to provide a concrete roadmap to the implementation of sustainable development while delivering significant social and economic benefits and reduced environmental risks. However, the concept of a green economy is still being debated and the emerging discourse has yet to be fully interpreted within the industrial, institutional and socioeconomic realities of many countries, including particularly emerging and developing nations. That is why it is highly important to understand its potential influence on economic development of Ukraine. Promoting green growth in Ukraine requires well-designed institutions and environmental policy instruments that are effective in achieving their environmental objectives without imposing excessive burdens on the economy. Generally, the green economy concept emphasizes all aspects of the sustainable development framework. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) defines the green economy concept as an economic paradigm that improves welfare, social equity, and environmental degradation. The economy concept will not replace the sustainable development framework. Sustainable development is the main goal in the long-run, whereas the green economy concept is the actions that should be taken in order to achieve sustainability. Several requirements are needed to apply the green economy concept. At national level, government needs to change their fiscal policies, introduce several environmentally friendly regulation, and reform their subsidy policies (for instance from fossil fuel subsidy to renewable energy subsidy). Moreover, government should also increase the public investment on the selected “green’’ sectors (UNEP 2011). It must be admitted that under globalization of environmental challenges there is a necessity for forming green economy fundamentals, i.e. system of economic activities related to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services that would improve human welfare in the long-term without exposing future generations to significant environmental risks, resource and environmental scarcity. Therefore, the development of green economy doctrine in the context of establishing national strategy for sustainable development can be considered as a major landmark and basis of public policy, when Ukraine can both demonstrate its commitment to approaches of environmentally safe development within joint environmental and economic space, and clearly identify main trends of its sustainable development for the near future. The main goal of green economy is to achieve sustainable development, which includes three aspects, namely economic, environmental, and social. But implementation of a green economy concept needs additional aspects, such as public supports, policy reforms, and regulation adjustment. Moreover, green economy can be implemented differently across countries or regions, depending on the strength and weaknesses of a country or region. World practice shows that the development of green economy takes the form of sectoral model. UNEP strategy in this field foresees a switch of some key economic sectors such as agriculture, heating and lighting of buildings, energy, fishery, forestry, industry, tourism, transport, waste management and water resources management to the green track. It is to be admitted that today there is no “universal” formula for implementing green growth strategies. The transition to green economy depends on a number of political and institutional conditions, the level of economic development and other factors.

Government Debt of Ukraine: Tendencies and Consequences

Government debt is an ordinary phenomenon in the world economy. Government debt can be a source of investment and can influence the economic development. However, at the same time it can be a burden for the economy. It is proved that in case of financial instability, countries are forced to borrow on the internal and external financial markets, which can influence the economic stability. What is the case for Ukraine? This paper considers the current tendencies of the government debt of Ukraine. It examines the indicators of government indebtedness and their impact on the economy. The state and structure of the government debt of Ukraine have been analyzed. The results show the existence of a range of risks that can influence the economic development in Ukraine. The risks of high amounts of external government borrowings, the increase of state-guaranteed debt, ineffective usage of borrowed resources, and lack of control have been analyzed. The article presents propositions for the debt management improvement in Ukraine. The importance of government debt of Ukraine decrease has been proved. The propositions to cut the official level of government indebtedness has been expressed. Government borrowings can be an effective instrument for the development of the economy and the infrastructure development, but only on condition of effective usage and maintenance of a limited amount of government indebtedness.Article received 30.04.2018

The current state of social insurance in Ukraine

The difficult economic situation in Ukraine caused worsening of the population’s living standard, as well as exacerbated social tension. One of the main directions of the state's activities concerning providing social protection is the improvement of the social insurance system. The purpose of the paper is disclosure of social insurance peculiarities and assessment of its state at given stage of economic development in Ukraine. The basic payments according to the types of social insurance in Ukraine in recent years have been analyzed as well as the increase of state expenditures on the social sphere of population protection has been determined in the article. The current pension system has been described, the analysis of the first steps of the pension system has been carried out, the possibility of realization of further stages has been critically evaluated. It was established that an effective system of social insurance was not created at the present stage of economic development in Ukraine. The main directions of improvement of the social insurance system in Ukraine have been determined. Outlining issues of the mandatory accumulation level of the pension system introduction as well as making suggestions for their solution are prospects for further research in this area.

Analysis of assortment and volumes of consumption of antihistamin preparations in Ukraine

Over the past 30 years, the prevalence of allergic diseases has doubled every 10 years. According to WHO, currently about 5% of the world's adult population and 15% of children suffer from allergic diseases.
 The purpose of the study is to analyze the assortment of antihistamines in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, determine the availability for consumers by the indicator of Ca.s. and their volumes of consumption by ATS/DDD-methodology during 2014‒2017.
 Represented in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine antihistamines were analyzed according to the analytical system of research of the pharmaceutical market «Pharmstandard» of the company «MORION». As an indicator of socio-economic accessibility of antihistamines, an indicator of the adequacy of the solvency of Ca.s. Volumes of consumption of antihistamines were examined using the WHO recommended ATC/DDD methodology. Information on the DDD values is available on the WHO website: www.who.int/countries/ukr.
 During the period under study, there was a decrease in the number of TNs against the background of an increase in the number of INNs of all three generations. The quantitative ratio of domestic and foreign producers has not changed significantly.
 Based on the results of the Ca.s. found that antihistamines for the population of Ukraine for all four years are mainly high-availability drugs. And only 14.29% of fexofenadine preparations (in 2014) and 3.22% of desloratadine preparations (in 2015) are medium-accessible. The low indicator of the adequacy of solvency (Ca.s.) to 5%, confirms the availability of drugs group R06 and guarantees their consumption in the face of a decline in economic development in Ukraine.
 The most consumed during the studied four years were LS of five INNs: Mebrogroline, Cetirizine, Loratadine, Levocetirizine and Desloratadine, related to all three generations of antihistamines. Consumption of this group of the most used drugs during the study period was 89.94%, 90.64%, 90.70% and 90.47%, respectively, over the years of total consumption of antihistamines.
 During 2014‒2017 there is a decrease in the number of TN drugs against the background of an increase in the number of INN: from 172 TN on the basis of 16 INN in 2014 to 160 TN on the basis of 17 INNs in 2017. The quantitative ratio of domestic and foreign producers has not changed significantly. The assortment of antihistamine drugs for 2017 is quite wide. On the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are represented drugs of all three generations. Depending on the manufacturer, the prices varied from low to high, namely the spread of prices from 1.65 UAH to 212.43 UAH in 2014 and from 4.76 UAH to 567.63 UAH in 2017, which made it possible to select individual drugs taking into account the active ingredients, dosage form and price.
 According to the results of the Ca.s indices, it is established that antihistamines for the population of Ukraine for the entire four years are represented mainly by high-availability TN. And only 14.29% of fexofenadine preparations (in 2014) and 3.22% of desloratadine preparations (in 2015) are medium-accessible. The low indicator of the adequacy of solvency (Ca.s.) to 5%, confirms the availability of drugs group R06 and guarantees their consumption in the face of a decline in economic development in Ukraine.
 According to the analysis of the consumption of antihistamines in DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day, the increase in the consumption of these drugs was observed every year from 9.64 in 2014 to 10.60 in 2017. At the same time, the consumption of the latest generation drugs increased: INN desloratadine (from 0.98 in 2014 to 1.27 in 2017) and INN levocetirizine (from 1.91 in 2014 to 2.53 in 2017), which have profitable pharmacokinetic characteristics and the optimal efficiency / safety ratio. The consumption of second-generation drugs remains stably large: loratadine (2.62 in both 2014 and 2017), cetirizine (from 1.78 in 2014 to 1.94 in 2017). Along with sufficiently high pharmacological activity, they have a relatively low cost, since they are mainly presented in the pharmaceutical market in the form of generic versions.
 Against the background of the trend of increasing consumption of antihistamines in Ukraine over the last four years (from 9.64 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day in 2014 to 10.60 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day in 2017), it is established that in Ukraine there is a large number patients who do not receive in full, or do not receive quality adequate antihistamine therapy at all.

Methodological and methodical provision of sampling statistical observations of ecological effects from the production of separate kinds of plant growing products

The article aims at the urgent issues of statistical accounting of enterprises’ agricultural activity in terms of its ecological effects. The author determines the role of statistical accounting in ecological and economic development of Ukraine. The role consists in methodological and methodical provision when organizing and conducting the statistical observations, which reflect the state and tendencies of the amounts of hazardous substance emissions caused by enterprises’ agricultural activity. For the first time the paper introduces the performance of detailed accounting the polluting substance emissions through sampling observations of agricultural enterprises engaged in the production of plant growing products similar to the observations conducted on the territory of Zhytomyr region. The sampling statistical observations are based on the methodology of the Management on inventorying polluting substance atmospheric emissions «Methodological management on national emission inventory compiling» within the framework of Convention about trans-border pollution of air at big distances of the United Nations European Economic Commission.The use of statistical approach to the ecological process accounting during the production of agricultural products allows to clarify the mechanism of these processes and reveal the factors, which influence their state, to determine the principal directions of dynamics of the ecological effects for the named production.To conduct the analysis and to estimate the ecological consequences of agricultural enterprises’ activity the article proposes the sampling observations based on their correspondence to the international standards, which help reveal the tendencies of agricultural enterprises’ activity taking into account the increase of ecological effects and natural and climatic conditions.The author suggests the steps concerning the improvement of the methodological approaches to the statistical accounting of the ecological effects on the base of using the expanded scope of the statistical data.