Economic Availability Of Food Research Articles

Оценка потребности в объемах производства основных видов сельскохозяйственной продукции с учетом сложившейся дифференциации доходов населения

The agrarian policy carried out in Russia is primarily aimed at ensuring food security, the main components of which are the economic and physical availability of food to the population. However, the indicators approved in the regulatory legal acts on monitoring food security do not contribute to its objective assessment. They can be used to assess the overall state of food security. For a more objective assessment of the economic availability of food to the population of the Russian Federation, a more in-depth analysis is needed, which requires, among other things, changes in the methods for calculating food independence, taking into account the share of household disposable resources used to purchase food. It is also necessary to take into account the energy value of food, the quality of food consumed, etc. For this, it is necessary to significantly expand the information base on food consumed, including taking into account its quality and energy value. The paper attempts, based on the available analytical data, to make an assessment of the economic availability of food for households depending on their income, as well as in the context of socio-demographic groups, to determine the main factors constraining bringing the level of food consumption to rational norms.

РОССИЙСКИЙ ЭКСПОРТ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВИЯ: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

An analysis of the dynamics of export-import food flows of the Russian Federa-tion since the introduction of the food embargo against Western countries has been carried out. It was established that as a result of the imple-mentation of the concept of import substitution in the food sector for the period from 2014 to 2018, the domestic agricultural sector managed to reduce the gap between import and export from 107.5 to 19.1%, which led to the loss of a significant volume of the Russian food market by Western agricultural producers, and the Russian agro-industrial sector 46% growth over 5 years. The duality of food trade restrictions is shown, along with the growth of the economic potential of Russian agriculture, a number of negative fac-tors were noted, primarily an increase in domestic food prices, as well as a decrease in the economic availability of food for the population. By apply-ing the method of paired correlation analysis, the main correlation relationships of Russian food exports were identified, primarily from the total level of agricultural production, the value of population expenditures on the purchase of food products on the domestic food market, the balanced financial result of economic activity in the agro-industrial complex, the introduction of organic fertilizers for crops, the provision of agri-cultural equipment, the use of irrigation systems, as well as the development of energy capacities. It has been established that such an indicator as government spending to support the agro-indus-trial complex has only an indirect effect on Rus-sian food exports, which indicates the preferential spending of financial resources allocated by the government of the Russian Federation to sup-port the national agro-industrial complex, not in the interests of export-oriented companies, but to solve the current and seasonal problems of ag-ricultural producers. The use of the forecast ex-trapolation method made it possible to determine the parameters for the functioning of the Russian agricultural sector, in which Russian food exports will reach $45 billion. The USA by 2030, which can serve as a reference and be used by govern-ment bodies as target indicators, the achievement of which will contribute to solving the tasks set by the President of Russia to the national agro-industrial complex.

К ВОПРОСУ О СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИИ И РАЗВИТИИ ДОКТРИНЫ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

So there is an obvious signi- ficant gap in food consumption between representatives of different decile groups in terms of avai- lable resources. And although this gap has been somewhat smoothed over the past years for fruits and berries, as well as sugar and confectionery, potatoes and bread, nevertheless, for such important food products as vegetables and melons, milk and dairy products, fish, the ratio has practically not improved, and for meat and meat products the decrease is insignificant. The averaging of consumption indicators, as well as the share of food purchase expenses in consumer spen- ding, neutralizes the negative trends that develop in consumption among representatives of the first five decile groups by available resources. Taking into account these indicators, as well as the actual structure of food consumption and making additions to the Food Security Doctrine will allow the Government to create legislative bases and tools to increase the economic availability of food for a significant part of the country’s population.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19 НА ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННУЮ СИТУАЦИЮ В РОССИИ

The article examines such a new global challenge as the coronavirus pandemic. The features of this large-scale, unprecedented shock and the economic crisis agent are analyzed. It was noted that among the affected sectors of the world economy, there is the global agri-food system: a demand shock is superimposed on the supply shock, world trade is paralyzed, logistics flows are disrupted, supply chains are disrupted, and agricultural production is likely to decline. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a fall in the Russian economy. It is concluded that currently nothing threatens food security from the point of view of physical accessibility. However, the economic availability of food may not be ensured due to income loss and rising prices. In addition, COVID-19 may negatively affect the country’s export-oriented food course, foreign economic relations in the agro-industrial sector and the current import substitution policy. Despite the fact that the country is currently provided with food, there are still problems connected with the dependence on the import of technologies and components, machinery and equipment, breeding products and seeds. It has been substantiated that in order to prevent food crisis in the foreseeable future, the restructuring and stabilization of food systems at the national and global levels is required, which could ensure their sustainability and smooth operation in terms of creating backup channels and reserves to prevent disruptions and blockages in supply chains that are observed in period of COVID-19.

Relevant aspects of the state policy for ensuring food security

The issue of food security is still relevant, especially in the context of a pandemic and an economic crisis. However, along with the physical and economic availability of food, the issue of food compliance with quality and safety standards has come to the fore. The transition of many countries to the production of genetically modified products affects the health of the population and the future generation. Therefore, the main direction of agricultural policy should be to support organic producers.

Perception of Food Security at Household Level by Students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Summary Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this paper was to identify how students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn perceived food security at household level. It was verified whether selected students were able to define properly the terms connected with the topic and how food safety was assessed. Materials and methods: The survey was performed using a questionnaire as the research tool. The survey was conducted at three faculties in the following courses of studies: economics, law, and bioengineering of food production. Statistical data were included. Results: Most of the respondents considered food security at household level in Poland to be at a satisfying level. In most respondent’s households, expenditure on food in relation to income was at a higher level than the national average. Conclusions: Food security in the households of the surveyed students was ensured. The economic availability of food in the analysed households was good, as most respondents were able to purchase high quality food products.

The impact of the economic availability of food in Russia on consumption patterns and health of the nation

Currently, Russia is implementing the project “Demography”, which involves the formation of motivation of people to a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet. In the article the author reveals the problem of the lack of quality and vital for health products in the daily diet of the majority of the population due to the lack of opportunities to purchase them. Falling incomes and purchasing power of the population shifts the food vector to the consumption of products rich in vegetable fats and sugars or processed products made from inexpensive imported products. High prices for quality products remain the main factor determining the structure of consumption and health of the nation. In this regard, enterprises should start from the regional characteristics both in terms of income levels and dietary habits, and age composition of the target audience, because of the quality of food depends on maintaining the health and longevity of the population and the gene pool of future generations. It is necessary to take measures to promote a healthy diet, create “separate shelves” with natural products, reduce cheating on products, ranging from excise duties to logical costs. Issues of production of environmentally friendly products come to the fore today. In this regard, modern technologies in agriculture are in great demand today, allowing to increase the purity of products.

Poland’s food security in 2007–2016

The paper covers the issues of one of the basic psychological needs namely food. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of food security in Poland. Dynamic approach covering 2007-2016 was used. The most important terms which are relevant to food security were defined. In analysis 4 major conditions of food security were examined: (i) physical availability of food; (ii) stability and reliability of food supplies; (iii) economic availability of food; (iv) health suitability of a single product. Research covered also the level of food self-sufficiency of selected products which is another important factor regarding food security. The research was based on statistical materials from the Central Statistical Office and academic publications. The results showed that Poland was self-sufficient in all basic food products. The study confirmed that four conditions of food security were met simultaneously. Only slight problems occurred in health suitability of a single product namely too much of energy in polish households’ diet is coming from fat.

Food habitus: practices among migrant farm workers in a community of Sonora, Mexico

The objective is to analyze the food habitus and the changes in eating practices of pendulum and settled migrant agricultural workers in the city of Miguel Aleman in the state of Sonora. Based on an ethnographic approach, 21 in-depth interviews were conducted with both types of migrants from January 2016 to January 2018. We found that in these migrants, the consumption of industrialized products such as flours and sugars has increased, leading to malnutrition mainly in pendulum migrants and chronic diseases such as diabetes in settled migrants. We conclude that the food habitus is adjusted to the physical and economic availability of food and the logic of agricultural work, with eating structured as a practice of necessity. This reality materially and symbolically reproduces the subordinate position of agricultural workers in the face of the globalized economic and food production models, in which eating practices are debilitated by the difficulties of access to food.

PROVIDING LABOR INCOME AS A SUPPORTING FACTOR OF THE FOOD SECURITY

The lack of comprehensive provision of a sufficient level of economic affordability of food in conditions of social instability and low level of solvency of the population of Ukraine constitutes a threat to the food security of the state. The purpose of the article is to formulate the relationship between the economic affordability of food and the average monthly wage in the country, as well as arrears in its payment. The methodic of work is based on the usage of a correlation-regression analysis of the statistical information that reflects the structure of total household income in Ukraine, which made it possible to calculate the degree of influence of factors of the correlation model on the availability of food for the population. The results of the study indicate a significant stratification of the population in terms of purchasing power. The degree of dependence between the economic availability of food and the average monthly salary in the country, as well as the amount of arrears in its payment, which confirms the need for the government to create a sustainable system of social standards for the population, providing an adequate level of purchasing power, is established.

Conceptual approaches to the formation of regional food security strategy in the context of sustainable development

The food safety of the region is a fundamental foundation of the country’s economic security and one of the most important prerequisites for sustainable development. Unfortunately, the problems of ensuring food security of the regions of Ukraine are not only resolved, but also ultimately aggravated, which negatively affects the quality of life of the population and the development of human potential. An important step in solving the problem of physical and economic food availability to all population is developing a regional food safety strategy. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to develop methodological tools for modeling the region’s food security strategy taking into account the peculiarities of its development and existing production and resource potential. The authors explained the concept of “food security strategy”, “food safety potential of the region” and methods for assessing its main components. The author’s model of the food security strategy creation was developed and implemented on the example of the Ukrainian Black Sea region. This model can be used to monitor the situation with food provision, to model the impact on the state of the food supply of individual strategic decisions and to determine the causes of deviations and growth reserves in any region irrespective of its size or administrative status.

CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF IMPLEMENTING THE DOCTRINE FOR NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS BY 2030

The world agrofood system is characterized by a constant occurrence of multidirectional trends, factors and threats complicated for monitoring and prediction. In this regard, immediate and strategic identification, quantification and assessment of the potential of the external environment effect are several directions for ensuring sustainability of the national food security. The article presents the results of studying the conditions and factors that will in future have effect on implementation of aims and objectives of the Doctrine of National Food Security of the Republic of Belarus by 2030. Analysis of the trends in the development of world agriculture and food production has been carried out, and their classification has been cited from the standpoint of the effect on the national agrofood system sustainability. The following important groups of factors are distinguished: ensuring global food security, dynamics of macroeconomic conditions in countries and regions, factors of food demand, production, trade and price conditions, and orientation of the agrarian policy of food exporters. Potential external threats related to the growing deficiency of resources in the agricultural products, raw materials and food markets, instability of the conjuncture, as well as active use of protectionist measures and regulators by the main exporters have been identified. The results of monitoring of the national food security of the Republic of Belarus following the results of 2017 in the context of the sustainability of the functioning of the agroindustrial complex are analyzed. Potential threats of physical, economic availability of food, level and quality of nutrition in terms of the population categories were identified. General directions and measures to strengthen the national food security are indicated, including: increasing the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production, ensuring economic availability of products for the population, increasing the competitiveness of production and marketing of products, developing scientific and innovation potential, etc.

Взаимосвязь и противоречие в оценке продовольственной независимости и экономической доступности продовольствия

Взаимосвязь и противоречие в оценке продовольственной независимости и экономической доступности продовольствия

FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT

The purpose of the paper is to study the current state of food security of Ukraine in order to identify the problem areas forming the system of food security in the country. Methodology. Assessment of the current state of the food security in Ukraine is carried out according to the Test Method for determining key indicators of food security, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on 05.12.2007 № 1379 “Some Issues of Food Security” (as amended on 21.10.2011). Results. The article deals with the current state of food security in Ukraine for the next indicators: the daily energy value of the human diet, sufficiency consumption of certain products, the adequacy of supplies of grain in state resources, economic availability of food, differentiation value of food by social groups, market capacity of individual products, food self-sufficiency for a certain product. The study found that the state of Food Security in 2015 in Ukraine satisfied the set threshold values and rules by the majority of indicators. Practical implications. The value of particular indicators, calculated according to 2015 and compared to 1995, positively characterized the dynamics of food security in Ukraine. However, there is a necessity for a balanced state policy of the internal market and the agrarian sector’s regulating. Value/originality. It is an obvious fact that it is needed to respect the objectives set out in the Strategy for Sustainable Development “Ukraine-2030” in the directions of development, security, responsibility, and pride.

ESTIMATION OF DYNAMICS AND TRENDS OF THE FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE

Introduction. One of the main tasks of the agro-industrial complex is to provide the population with quality food products in the required volumes. However, the level of consumption of food depends on the world situation of domestic prices, incomes and other factors that collectively determine the production and investment priorities of food producers and consumer preferences of the population. In the context of the limited income of the population and the revision of social guarantees, issues of the availability and adequacy of food in the country are becoming of paramount importance. Purpose. The article aims to assess the level of food security in the regions of Ukraine, to study the dynamic changes of the main indicators of volume and structure of consumption of basic food products, indicators of physical and economic availability of food, the relationship of production, consumption of food and income of the population. Method (methodology). On the basis of observation data and statistic and economic and abstract and logical methods of analysis, the state, tendencies and extrapolation of the main indices of food safety have been identified. Results. The comprehensive assessment of food security in the regions includes the analysis of the regional peculiarities of production and consumption of basic food products and the study of the main factors that cause them; the assessment of the level of food security of the regions of Ukraine and the identification of factors that affect its level and trends. The state policy should be aimed at solving the main tasks. Among them we can distinguish the increase of the incomes of Ukrainian citizens, the stimulation and increase of the agricultural products and food products manufacturing. It will create conditions for saturation of the domestic market and stabilization of prices for basic food products.

Integrated modeling of food security management in Ukraine. I. Model for management of the economic availability of food

We discuss some aspects of food security in Ukraine concerning the economic availability of food and analyze the current price adjustment procedure for major foods in Ukraine. We develop an alternative procedure, based on an original demand model.