Economic Availability Of Food Research Articles

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: SECURITY FACTORS AND CURRENT TRENDS

The issue of ensuring global food security remains one of the leading and decisive issues for all countries in the world, without exception. The implementation of the goals of sustainable development, which have become a strategic priority for society, has separated the problems of overcoming hunger and ensuring the health of the population as key and the main priority for the further existence of humanity. The article examines the essence of the category "food security" from various scientific and methodological positions and conducts a comprehensive review of the prominent trends that accompany the aspects of solving the issue of achieving food security on a global scale. The main elements of the agro-food system as a resource base for ensuring global food security are separated: 1) a sufficient amount of safe, high-quality food; 2) healthy nutrition of the population; 3) inclusive distribution of income and expenses of the population; 4) prevention of climate change, sustainability and conservation of biological resources. A set of key factors influencing the possibilities of ensuring global food security has been identified: population size, science and technology, climate change, imperfect global food distribution mechanisms, problems of gender inequality, urbanization processes, and inclusive gaps between the living conditions of the population, the growing scale of political and military conflicts The model's architecture, which contains the essential characteristics of achieving global food security, is outlined. Critical trends for achieving global food security were identified and assessed. Among them: the relative stability of the problem of world hunger, in particular, in individual world regions; increasing the level of dependency, hunger, and gender inequality; the growth of inclusive gaps in the economic availability of food; increase in the level of urbanization of the population; the health problem of a large part of the world's population and the strengthening of the trend of healthy eating. Ukraine, a significant player in the global agri-food market, holds substantial potential to combat the world's hunger crisis. The key to unlocking this potential lies in resolving the ongoing military conflict within Ukraine's borders and restoring the country's agricultural resources and production capabilities through sustainable development.

Assessment of the influence of modern factors and conditions on the state of food security in the Republic of Belarus

The article reflects modern aspects in the field of food security at the global level, as well as the results of monitoring that characterize the state of food security in the Republic of Belarus in 2022. Particular attention is paid to the most important areas of ensuring national food security, including an assessment of the physical and economic availability of food, the level and quality of nutrition in the context of population categories.

Determinants of Food Security: General Dynamics and Exclave Features

Today, the issue of regulation, development and provision of food security of the state and regions is more urgent than ever before. For the Kaliningrad region, a unique subject – an exclave territory of the Russian Federation, this issue is particularly acute, given its specifics. That is why it is extremely important to study the current state of the most important sector of the region, the fishery complex, in order to clearly manage the processes, at the level of a concrete conclusion – whether the sector is able to exist in autonomous conditions and provide the region with products. The article reveals the basic concepts of the studied categories, considers the current situation in the management of the fishery of the exclave region. The current state of the fishing industry in the Kaliningrad region and its impact on food security is studied. In this context the determinants of food security are considered: food sovereignty and economic availability of food and their thresholds are calculated. The economic affordability of fish products is considered in more detail on the basis of the functioning of the mechanism of integral and instrumental standards.

Food crisis in the Yakut region during the First World War (July 1914 – February 1917)

The authors investigate the reasons for the shortage and high cost of food in the Yakutsk region during the First World War, as well as the activities of the Regional Food Committee, authorized by the Special Meeting of the Governor R. E. Witte and the City Duma of Yakutsk to prevent a food crisis. The facts and events within the framework of the problem under study are systematized, the narrative is built on the basis of the problem-chronological method. The historical-systemic method made it possible to determine the factors that caused the rise in prices and the emergence of food shortages. The historical-genetic method made it possible to analyze the development of the situation in the food sector in dynamics, to trace its transformation into a crisis state. The authors concluded that the Yakutsk region, which was a special region within the Russian Empire (geographically remote, occupying a vast territory, with an undeveloped transport infrastructure, and at the same time of strategic importance), was dependent on food supplies for food. As a result of the First World War, the physical and economic availability of food and, above all, bread has declined sharply. Administrative regulatory measures of local authorities could not be effective in the context of general negative transformations in the economic sphere. The food crisis came in the third year of the war - in 1916-1917. Since that time, the inhabitants of the region could rely only on local agricultural production, which was extremely unstable.

Food security in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe: state and strategic directions of provision

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in modern conditions, the food security of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe is under threat due to the influence of negative factors associated with both global destructive events and the vulnerabilities of food systems at the EU level. The purpose of the article is to study the state and problems of food security in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and to identify strategic directions for ensuring food security in the studied countries. Research methods became general scientific and special methods of cognition: comparative analysis, statistical, induction and deduction, abstract-logical, generalization, and abstraction. The peculiarities of the formation of food security in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are shown. The level of prices for food products was studied, and it was proved that the cost of food in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe is lower compared to other EU member states. It is claimed that the economic availability of food is a problem for the population of the analysed group of countries due to the low level of income and the growing share of food expenses in the structure of household expenses. The main measures adopted at the level of the European Commission, aimed at ensuring food security by transitioning to a sustainable food system based on reducing the energy dependence of the agricultural sector and increasing its innovativeness and environmental friendliness, are considered. The practical significance of the study is that the formulated recommendations will help reduce food insecurity in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe by ensuring the stable functioning of agri-foodmarkets, implementing strategic directions for supporting the agricultural sector and reducing import dependence on production resources, supporting Ukraine as a key global food exporter, forming a sustainable food system in EU countries

Effective management of the sale of agricultural products as the basis for food security in the region

This study formulated the concept of food security in the region and analyzed the food independence of the Vologda Oblast and the economic availability of food. It is believed that in order to solve the problems associated with the provision of food to the population of the region, it is necessary to effectively manage the sale of agricultural products. The role of a commodity brand, or rather its participants-producers of agricultural products, in ensuring the food security of the region is modeled. Calculation of coefficient estimates of indicators of food security factors, their integration in the form of four main indicators of the role of the brand, and an aggregated comprehensive assessment of the role of the brand. Along with this, a methodology was tested for assessing the role of product brand participants, agricultural producers, in ensuring food security and the quality of life of the population of the region based on the results of a consumer survey. The practical significance of the study follows from the importance of solving financial and economic issues of agricultural development to ensure the food independence of the region.

PROBLEMS OF VEGETABLE DEVELOPMENT AT THE CORNER THE VIEW OF FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the impact of the war on the economic availability of food and to estimate the volume of deficits in the production of vegetable products. Methodology of research. Scientific works on the problems of the formation and functioning of the vegetable market became the methodological basis of the research. The following methods used were: dialectical, the method of expert evaluations (when analysing publications and the main opinions of experts on the researched topic), mathematical and statistical (when determining the amount of deficit in vegetable production, determining the share of occupied regions and when analysing the regional structure of vegetable production), systemic analysis (theoretical generalizations, establishing structural connections between the elements of the studied system), abstract and logical (when forming conclusions and recommendations), etc. Findings. An analysis of the current state of vegetable production was carried out. The volumes of the deficit of vegetable production have been established and the share of the occupied regions in the sown areas and gross harvests of vegetables and melon food crops was determined. The reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the vegetable and food sub-complex were established. The general strategy and priority directions for the development of vegetable growing and melon growing and the processing industry were outlined. The volumes of production of vegetable and melon products for the future for domestic needs were determined. Originality. For the first time in the conditions of martial law, the actual volumes of the deficit of vegetable production in the southern regions of Ukraine, which are occupied or affected by military operations, were determined. Scientific and methodical approaches to the formation and functioning of the vegetable market were improved by introducing a mechanism for replacing the deficit in the production of certain vegetables in specific regions. Thus, it is proposed to expand the area of cultivation of vegetables of the borscht group and rare vegetable crops in the western, central and southern regions of the country within 67.0‒80.0 thousand hectares; and heat-loving vegetable crops (tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, melon crops) in Mykholaiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovohrad, Odesa regions within 25.0‒26.5 thousand hectares. In addition, by introducing innovative technologies, scientific support of the industry and increasing the share of specialized large-scale enterprises, increase the yield of vegetables from the existing 20 to 25 t/ha, which, unlike existing approaches, will make it possible to overcome the deficit in the production of vegetables in the amount of 2 million tons and melon food crops at the level of 230‒250 thousand tons. It was determined that in order to minimize the agro-food crisis, ecological threats, as a result of findings military intervention and overcoming the shortage of vegetable and fruit products on the domestic market, it is necessary to take the proposed measures aimed at supporting their effective production as soon as possible. Practical value. The implementation of the proposed proposals will allow solving the issue of economic independence of individual regions, food security of communities and increasing the level of coordination of the system of actions of management bodies, business entities, scientists and investors on the basis of sustainable development in the conditions of post-war recovery of the country. Key words: food, food crisis, ecology, vegetable growing, production, consumption, innovative development.

СЕЛЬСКАЯ БЕДНОСТЬ В РЕГИОНАХ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДА РОССИИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЕЕ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ

The results of scientific research on the state, causes and justification of rural poverty reduction in the subjects of the North-West are presented. A comparative analysis of the world and domestic poverty of the population is given. The dynamics of changes in the poverty of the population in the period 1995-2021 is shown. A methodological approach to measuring the level of poverty in urban and rural settlements is proposed. The distribution of the poor among the rural and urban population is analyzed. The analysis showed that in the absolute majority of the subjects of the region, the level of poverty in rural areas is many times higher than the same indicator for urban residents. The influence of poverty on the economic availability of food has been revealed. An assessment of the causes of poverty in rural areas is given. The priority directions of its reduction are substantiated. The approach based on the close relationship of federal and regional authorities, rural entrepreneurs, scientific organizations in solving the problem of poverty in rural communities, according to the author, characterizes the novelty of the presented article. The practical significance of the work is seen in the possibility of applying the results of the study in developing a strategy to reduce the poverty level of the rural population.

State Assessment of the Russian Dairy Industry During the Coronavirus Pandemic

The article concerns the dairy industry development analysis in Russia during the coronavirus pandemic. The researchers revealed the main problems of dairy products processing, as well as import and export; determined the development prerequisites of a strategic program for the dairy industry development in Russia. The study object was statistical data on the Russian dairy industry state, household incomes, consumer prices dynamics for food products, dairy products import and export before and during the coronavirus pandemic. A man studied the dairy industry state in Russia on the statistical analysis, monographic and abstract-logical methods basis. The article considers the following criteria: the demand dependence on the inflation and wages paid level, the citizens social support impact on the dairy products consumption, an increase in the price growth rate. The agricultural economy deterioration under the coronavirus pandemic influence led to an increase in the dairy raw materials cost and a slowdown in the raw materials sector development. The global prices improvement and low solvency of the population caused the decrease in import volumes. Government support had a great impact on the dairy industry, while investment activity in the industry has slowed down in recent years. The current economic development conditions indicate the need to establish a program for the dairy industry development in Russia. The authors revealed that there is a trend towards a decrease in the economic availability of food. The cost of all basic items of the operating milk production cost increased, resulting in the development slowdown of the raw materials and processing sectors and causing a negative impact on dairy cattle breeding. With a constant increase in the production cost, the milk processing sector income decreases. Export remains a reserve and strategic channel for the dairy products sale. The researchers concluded that there were many prerequisites for the new program establishment for the dairy industry development of Russia.

ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ СПОЖИВАННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВА В КОНТЕКСТІ ДОСЯГНЕННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The degree of influence of socio-economic inequality on meeting the vital needs of various social groups in Ukraine is analyzed. It is noted that such inequality becomes the main obstacle in terms of physical and financial access to food and, ultimately, the emergence of disparities in the formation and development of an inclusive society. The evolution of views on the interpretation of food security is determined: from food security (that is, the production of a sufficient amount of food products) to the orientation of food security as an important component of the quality of life of the population. The importance of a multi-aspect analysis of the food security system, namely its social, economic and biological components, is emphasized. Based on the biological aspect of nutrition, the level of its balance in terms of the main macro- and micronutrients and caloric content was investigated. During the studied period (2000 - 2020), the nutritional content of the Ukrainian diet exceeded the recommended norm due to the consumption of plant products; at the same time, the calorie content of products of animal origin was no more than 30% of the actual daily requirement (the norm is 55%). Based on the application of regression analysis, the existence of a noticeable direct (linear) relationship between the life expectancy of a person (both sexes) and the caloric content of the diet of animal origin was established. It is calculated that if the physiological norm of products of animal origin is used, the expected life expectancy of a Ukrainian will be 79.9 years. An analysis of the differentiation of consumer spending by Ukrainian households by quintile (20%) groups was conducted during 2010-2020. It was established that over the past 5 years, there has been an increase in the differentiation of food spending between the fifth and first quintile groups. It is noted that the main conditions for achieving food security and nutrition security according to the criterion "economic availability of food" are the growth of incomes, the leveling of income differentiation and the reduction of the scale of population poverty. The main factors of influence on the food security of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law have been determined. The results of the study can be used by state authorities in developing areas of food security support taking into account food security.

Розвиток підходів до трактування поняття «продовольча безпека»

The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the historical prerequisites for the development of approaches to the interpretation and definition of food security in the XX century and at the beginning of the XXI century. The available approaches to the number and content of historical stages of development of approaches to defining food security are considered. It is concluded that contemporary authors perceive the evolution of the interpretation of food security as a linear process of development, during which additional components are gradually distinguished. Thus the early stages are characterized by an emphasis on the problems of food availability and food self-sufficiency, later, the problem of food stocks and control of world prices is actualized, gradually highlighting the problems of poverty, physical and economic availability of food. And at the last stage, there are questions of nutritional value and food security. As a result of the study, an own periodization is developed, which influences the evolution and development of approaches to the interpretation and definition of «food security», the major publications that influenced the interpretation of this concept are pointed out. The proposed six stages are considered in more detail. It is noted that not all trends are reflected in domestic regulations and at the present are not widely reflected in the works of Ukrainian researchers, which means that Ukraine is currently at the fifth stage of understanding food security and lags behind the world community in terms of plan. It is concluded that the development of approaches to the interpretation and definition of the concept of food security is largely determined by the deepening of the division of labor, the development of commodity-money relations, changes in the standard of living of the population, as well as scientific and technological progress and improvement of methods for collecting and processing statistical information.

Poverty of the population and its impact on the economic availability of food

Poverty of the population and its impact on the economic availability of food

Стратегическая роль системообразующих агропромышленных холдингов в обеспечении продовольственной безопасности РФ (на примере мясного животноводства)

Strategic enterprises of the Russian meat livestock sector are represented by vertically integrated agro-industrial holdings, whose competitive advantages, functional structure, and specifics of their businesses make corporations important participants in ensuring national food security. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is the general theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing by academician Vladimir L. Kvint. The study revealed that ensuring national food security in Russia is under the influence of several strategic threats, in particular: insufficient stability of the institutional environment; biased quantitative criteria for achieving food security; lack of strategic management of emergency periods. Overcoming these challenges is possible by building a strategic system hierarchical approach, in the theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing by Professor Vladimir L. Kvint. The fifth is called the Hierarchic System of Strategy based on the alignment of global, national, regional, and corporate interests. The latter primarily concern strategic agro-industrial holdings, whose industry leadership, production potential and financial stability can have a positive impact on increasing the sustainability of regional food markets by expanding the physical and economic availability of food, which contributes to improving the quality of life of the population – the main guideline of the strategy at any level.

Economic availability of food and import substitution in the system of reproduction processes

Economic availability of food and import substitution in the system of reproduction processes

Sustainable development of the agro-food system of Russia and food security

The theoretical and methodological basis for the study of food security problems has been substantiated in relation to the goals of sustainable development of the agro-food system. The conceptual positions are the following: multicriterial approach to the estimation of food security; distinction in priorities of food security at the level of national and regional agrifood systems; relation of physical and economic availability of food; orientation on regional particularities in substantiation of directions of agrifood policy. The study reveals the concept of food security in the context of sustainable development of the agro-food system, substantiates the criteria and indicators, proposes methods of assessment. The new risks in the development of the agro-food system associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, which aggravated the existing systemic problems and had a negative impact on the level of food security, were identified. A comparative analysis of the level of food security on the example of the Volga Federal District (PFD) regions of the Russian Federation in terms of self-sufficiency, physical and economic availability of food, the stability of the functioning of regional agro-food systems was carried out. Integral indicators of food security and sustainable development of agro-food systems were calculated. This allowed us to carry out the typology of the subjects of the Volga Federal District according to these indicators. The measures contributing to the transition of the agro-food system to the model of sustainable development, the solution of social problems, including the overcoming of negative trends in the post-pandemic economy are formulated.

ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ БЕЗПЕКИ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОГО РИНКУ

The main components and features of financial and economic security of the food market are studied in the work. Thus, the conceptual and categorical apparatus of financial and economic security of the food market is analyzed, which includes such aspects as foreign economic, social, agricultural, food, agro-industrial, financial, as well as the aspect of product quality and safety. The factors of influence, economic conditions financial and economic security of the food market are studied. It is established that the main principles of food market security are the physical and economic availability of food; sustainability of food and stability of the food market; food quality and food safety for consumers; food self-sufficiency; food independence. The results of the scientific article also show that the main directions for the functioning of an effective state policy of food market security are: 1) the achievement of full food security in the production of agricultural products with the subsequent transformation of Ukraine into a major regional exporter of these products; 2) the formation of a strong agro-industrial complex, resistant to external and internal threats, based on the balanced development of all regions of the country; 3) the formation of foreign trade conditions for food security. It is determined that the main methods of public policy are administrative, economic, and legal. The paper also analyzes the structure and components of the financial and economic mechanism, which is a system of organizational, economic and legal measures taken to prevent threats to food market security. At the same time, the scientific work identifies potential opportunities to increase the level of financial and economic security of the food market: increasing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and intensifying their development; increasing the purchasing power of the population and their real incomes; creating financial reserve funds; providing quality information and analytical support, etc.

Оценка уровня доходов населения региона и экономическая доступность продовольствия (на примере Приморского края)

В статье дана оценка уровня доходов населения Приморского края и экономической доступности продовольствия (2015 г. - 2019 г.). Рассмотрена динамика денежных доходов населения Приморского края, проблема бедности в увязке с оценкой динамики и структуры потребительских расходов, в том числе расходов на продовольствие. Делается вывод о экономической доступности продовольствия в соответствии с рациональным нормам потребления на основе соотношения стоимости набора продуктов питания по рациональным нормам и денежных доходов населения края. The article estimates the level of income of the population of Primorsky Krai and the economic availability of food (2015 - 2019). The dynamics of monetary incomes of the population of Primorsky Krai, the problem of poverty in connection with the assessment of the dynamics and structure of consumer spending, including food costs, were considered. It is concluded that food is affordable in accordance with rational consumption standards based on the ratio of the cost of a set of food according to rational norms and the monetary income of the population of the region.

Principal directions for improving the mechanism for ensuring food security of the Republic of Belarus

Food security largely determines stability of the entire economic system. The Republic of Belarus overcame the deficiency and ensured food security, as well as formed a significant export potential in the agri-food sector of the economy. In this regard, outside views on the Belarusian model of ensuring food security are of particular interest. There is an objective need to ensure undeniable competitive advantages of domestic food products in terms of quality safety, expanding the marketing potential of Belarusian products in the domestic and foreign markets, and effectively integrating the national agro-industrial complex into the global market space. The paper presents conceptual directions for improving the mechanism for ensuring food security of the Republic of Belarus. Trends of physical and economic availability of food in the domestic market, some destructive factors and potential threats have been revealed. Feasibility of developing national plan for implementation of provisions of the Doctrine and the principles of its arrangement have been substantiated, including: consistency with the model of ensuring national food security and independence; compliance with the criteria for sustainable development of the social-and-economic system of the agri-food complex; stakeholder inclusiveness and accountability; operational and strategic monitoring of the efficiency of measures, etc. The main units of measures are proposed, which cover creation of an efficient monitoring and management system; ensuring quality and safety of food in the domestic market; promotion and implementation of principles of healthy diets among population; regulation of the domestic market balance; increasing the competitiveness of the domestic agri-food complex; creation of favorable competitive environment; development of scientific, innovation and investment potential. This development will increase the efficiency of the Doctrine of National Food Security as a strategic planning document, as well as substantiate and introduce the mechanisms required for solving the assigned tasks.

Food Security Indicators Classification and Assessment of Their Importance for the Policy of the Russian Federation

The article explores food security indicators and provides a critical review of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation of 2020. The study had two objectives: to propose a new system of food security indicators and to form a recommended group of indicators for the Russian Federation. In the work, a set of 17 indicators of food security were investigated by cluster analysis. The analysis was carried out in the SPSS program, the method of factorsselection is the method of the main components, the rotation is varimax with Kaiser normalization. Five clusters explaining 75% of the dispersion were obtained. The first two clusters were named "Well-being, availability of basic services" and "Consumption of animal food". The other three clusters are difficult to interpret. The result of the study concludes that average dietary energy supply adequacy should have not only minimum thresholds, but also upper limits, as it is related to obesity. The quality of nutrition, in particular the average supply of protein of animal origin, which reduces the prevalence of anaemia, should be a priority among indicators of availability. With regard to food independence, it has been established that many of the goals set out in the Food Security Doctrine 2020 have already been achieved. Economic availability of food in Russia exceeds consumption in upper-middle income countries, the same can be said about the quality and safety of food products. The notion of access set out in the Doctrine is inconsistent with the international approach. The following set of 9 indicators for monitoring food security of the Russian Federation is proposed: 1. food independence (self-sufficiency thresholds for beef and veal, butter and cheese; value of food imports over total merchandise exports); 2. availability (fish consumption; average supply of protein of animal origin; average dietary energy supplywith the upper limit; national dietary recommendations; national healthy nutrition strategy); 3. access (percentage of arable land equipped for irrigation); 4. quality and safety (people using safely managed sanitation services).

Экономическая доступность продовольствия: региональные и социальные различия

<span>В статье обсуждаются проблемы, связанные с экономической доступностью продовольствия, которая понимается как возможность приобретения продуктов питания по сложившимся ценам, обеспеченная соответствующим уровнем доходов населения. Выявляются региональные и социальные различия этого показателя. Чрезвычайно важным фактором обеспечения экономической доступности продовольствия является наращивание отечественного производства, в части которого выявлена положительная динамика. Установлено, что по основным группам продуктов питания страна достигла продовольственной безопасности. Показано, что первоочередной задачей на пути повышения экономической доступности пищевых продуктов для всех групп населения является борьба с бедностью. Однако предпринимаемые в этом направлении меры, судя по статистическим данным, не приносят ощутимых результатов.</span>