Eastern Branch Research Articles

Magnolia acuminata в коллекции Ботанического сада-института ДВО РАН (Владивосток)

This report presents the results of the initial stage of Magnolia acuminata introduction at the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok). In the conditions of the southern part of Primorskiy Kray, M. acuminata has shown sufficient winter hardiness, habitus retention, high shoot-forming ability, bloom ability. In this regard, our recommendation is to include M. acuminata in the range of ornamental tree used for landscaping and to spread its introduction tests in the Primorskiy Kray.

Optimizing Diet Of Children With Mental Disorders

When monitoring principles of nutrition for children with mental health problems who study in specialized institutions of the Russian Federation or live in boarding schools, it has been revealed that there is no special adapted diet for them. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), unbalanced diets along with lifestyle habits are the main risk factors for chronic diseases, which can develop together with disorders in intellectual and cognitive abilities. Our objective was to study reference data for identifying and summarizing the nutritional characteristics typical for children requiring special medical care. The review has presented data of foreign and national authors, as well as data obtained with the “Arktika” Research Scientific Center of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, on the elemental status observed in children with autism spectrum disorders, and the nutritional characteristics of the diet kept by residents of Magadan Region under conditions of the Far North. Based on the data, we have made some recommendations for optimizing diet for children with mental disorders.

Information service “Database OF Clinical Trials of Pharmaceutical Products” in rational use of hepatoprotectors in preferential pharmaceutical provision

The problem of rational hepatoprotector use in patients in the system of preferential pharmaceutical provision has become significantly relevant recently because of the increase in hepatobiliary system diseases, namely, hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cirrhotic lesions. Appropriate pharmacotherapy with this drug class can be prescribed only when healthcare professionals receive evidence-based information obtained from medical electronic databases. The work aimed to fill the information service “Database of Clinical Trials of Pharmaceutical Products” with the results of randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis for the most frequently purchased and prescribed drugs from the hepatoprotector group (phospholipids + glycyrrhizinic acid and ademetionine) in the preferential segment, as well as the development of recommendations for the rational use of these drugs. The study used official data of the state portals “State Register of Pharmaceutical Products” (www.grls.rosminzdrav.ru) and “Unified Information System in Procurement” (http://zakupki.gov.ru) on medicinal products with hepatoprotective action, namely, phospholipids in combination with glycyrrhizinic acid and ademetionine, which were purchased for the “Program for the provision of necessary drugs to certain categories of citizens” in 2014–2020. The study results were searched in MEDLINE (PubMed) websites (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), EMBASE (https://www.elsevier.com/), COCHRANE (https://www.cochrane.org/), eLibrary, and CyberLeninka (https://cyberleninka.ru/). The data obtained were entered into the information service “Database of Clinical Trials of Pharmaceutical Products,” which is based on the ontological principle. It was developed by the specialists from the Institute of Automation and Control Processes of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The effectiveness of the hepatoprotectors being studied in relation to “surrogate” endpoints in the form of a significant reduction in clinical symptoms, improvement in biochemical parameters, and decrease in viral load in liver pathology limits their use and inclusion in the lists for preferential provision. The presented information resource and recommendations developed by the authors can be used for the rational prescription of hepatoprotectors.

Literary searches of the poets of the Far East emigration: versification poetics of Larissa Andersen

The article analyses the versification features of the poetess of Russian Harbin Larissa Andersen in the general context of the literary process of the Far Eastern branch of Russian emigration. The novelty of this study is determined by the fact that the versification poetics of Larissa Andersens works for the first time becomes the subject of independent and systematic study. The object of the study is the lyrics of L. Andersen of the Far Eastern period (1920-1940s). The purpose of the article is a holistic study of the poetics of L. Andersen versification of 1920-1940-ies on the material of her Harbin works, the collection of poems Through the Earths Meadows (1942) and the collective collection The Island (1946). The author of the article concludes that the technical, formal side of the verse is not a dominant for Larissa Andersen, which reflects the general immediacy of the poetess lyrics. However, if the concept of the work requires it, Andersen resorts to unusual means of versioning (including meter, rhyme and rhythm searches). Larissa Andersen doesnt ignore experiments, which result in poems resembling childrens poetry, folk poetry, Chinese classical poetry, futurist lyrics, etc.

Россия и Петербург в поэзии русской эмиграции в Китае (Н. Светлов, Н. Щеголев, Н. Петерец)

The research objectives are as follows: to analyse poetical texts of the “Eastern branch” of the Russian emigration (the 1920-1940s) associated with the image of Motherland and Petersburg, to identify specificity of the Motherland-literature image representation in the poetry of the “first wave” of the Russian emigration. The researcher examines creative work of little-known poets of “Harbin-Shanghai” region, explores the traditionally adopted concept “Petersburg text” (V. Toporov) by the material of “eastern” poets’ works, which constitutes scientific originality of the study. The following conclusions are justified: N. Svetlov’s, N. Shchegolev’s, N. Peterets’s “eastern” poetry organically includes “Petersburg text”, contains allusions to A. Pushkin, N. Gogol, F. Dostoevsky, A. Blok. These intertextual allusions form the conception “Harbin-Petersburg poetical text”.

Investigation of geothermal structure of the Sulawesi, using gravity and magnetic method

The Sulawesi Sea and Sulawesi Island are located in the western Pacific area where volcanic activity, plate subduction, and seismic activity are very active. The Sulawesi basin formed during the Middle Eocene-Late Eocene and nearly half of the Eocene oceanic crust has subducted below the North Sulawesi Trench. The Sulawesi Island was spliced and finalized in the Early Pliocene-Pleistocene during volcanic activity and is recently very active. This area is an optimal location to study volcanic geothermal conditions and subduction initiation mechanisms in the southern part of the western Pacific plate margin, which are important in geothermal and geodynamic research. In this study, we combined 133 heat flow data with gravity and magnetic data to calculate the Moho structure and Curie point depth of the Sulawesi Sea and periphery of the Sulawesi Island, and analyze the distribution characteristics of the geothermal gradient and thermal conductivity. The results show that the average depths of the Moho and Curie surfaces in this area are 18.4 and 14.3 km, respectively, which is consistent with the crustal velocity layer structure in the Sulawesi Basin previously determined by seismic refraction. The average geothermal gradient is 4.96°C (100 m)−1. The oceanic area shows a high geothermal gradient and low thermal conductivity, whereas the land area shows a low geothermal gradient and high thermal conductivity, both of which are consistent with statistical results of the geothermal gradient at the measured heat flow points. The highest geothermal gradient zone occurs in the transition zone from the Sulawesi Sea to Sulawesi Island, corresponding to the spreading ridge of the southward-moving Sulawesi Basin. Comprehensive gravity, magnetic, and geothermal studies have shown a high crustal geothermal gradient in the study area, which is conducive to the subduction initiation. The northern part of the Palu-koro fault on the western side of Sulawesi is likely the location where subduction initiation is occurring. During the process of moving northwest, the northern and eastern branches of Sulawesi Island have different speeds; the former is slow and the latter is fast. These branches also show different deep tectonic dynamic directions; the northern branch tilts north-up and the eastern branch tilts north-down.

М. Ю. Лермонтов в критике и публицистике русской эмиграции Китая

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of literary criticism and journalism of the Eastern branch of the first-wave Russian emigration dealing with M. Yu. Lermontov’s personality and creative work. The purpose of the study is to identify characteristic features of publications on Lermontov in periodicals of Russian China. Scientific novelty of the work lies in describing the contribution made by the Eastern branch of the Russian emigration in comprehension of Lermontov’s personality traits, fate and creative work. As a result of the study, it was found that critical articles written by the Far-Eastern emigrants feature perceptions of Lermontov reflecting creation of an ideologically charged myth about him by means of highlighting his personality traits and issues in his creative works, which meet the Russian emigration’s aspirations. The authors identified the following typical features of Lermontov’s perception: determining his place in the Russian culture by comparing him with Pushkin; reconstructing Lermontov’s spiritual life basing on his poetic works; asserting Lermontov’s status as a national poet on the basis of closeness to the Russian soul, religious and patriotic character of his creative works.

Paleogene initiation of the Western Branch of the East African Rift: The uplift history of the Rwenzori Mountains, Western Uganda

The two branches of the East African Rift System (EARS) are believed to have initiated diachronously. However, a growing body of work continues to suggest the onset of rifting in the Western Branch occurred in the Paleogene, coeval to the Eastern Branch. Due to a lack of pre-Miocene stratigraphy, attempts to resolve the geological history of the Western Branch must study the uplift and erosional histories of the modern rift topography. In this study, the rock uplift history of the Rwenzori Mountains, Western Uganda, is resolved to better our understanding of the tectonic history of the Western Branch of the EAR. Through the application of low-temperature thermochronology, χ-mapping and the modelling of river profiles, we show that rock uplift of the Rwenzori dates back to the Oligocene, with thermal history models suggesting uplift induced exhumation may date back as far as the Eocene. This provides tangible evidence that extension began in the region in the Paleogene, coeval with the Eastern Branch, and not the late Neogene. These results have broad implications for the tectonic evolution of the entire East African Rift System and suggest our current understanding of the region's rift history remains incomplete.

Mantle and Crustal Sources of Magmatic Activity of Klyuchevskoy and Surrounding Volcanoes in Kamchatka Inferred From Earthquake Tomography

AbstractKlyuchevskoy and surrounding volcanoes in central Kamchatka form the Northern Group of Volcanoes (NGV), which is an area of particularly diverse and intensive Pleistocene‐Holocene volcanism. In this study, we present a new seismic tomographic model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath NGV based on local earthquake data recorded by several permanent and temporary seismic networks including a large‐scale experiment that was conducted in 2015–2016 by an international scientific consortium. Having an unprecedented resolution for this part of Kamchatka, the new model reveals many features associated with the present and past volcanic activity within the NGV. In the upper crust, we found several prominent high‐velocity anomalies interpreted as traces of large basaltic shield volcanoes, which were hidden by more recent volcanic structures and sediments. We interpret the mantle structure to reflect asthenospheric flow up through a slab window below the Kamchatka‐Aleutian junction that feeds the entire NGV. The interaction of the hot asthenospheric material with fluids released from the slab determines the particular volcanic activity within the NGV. We argue that the eastern branch of the Central Kamchatka Depression, which is associated with a prominent low‐velocity anomaly in the uppermost mantle, was formed as a recent rift zone separating the NGV from the Kamchatka Eastern Ranges.

Seismological Investigations in the Olduvai Basin and Ngorongoro Volcanic Highlands (Western Flank of the North Tanzanian Divergence)

AbstractWe present data and results of a passive seismic experiment that we operated between June 2016 and May 2018 in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (northern Tanzania), located on the western side of the eastern branch of the Eastern African Rift (EAR) system. The motivation for this experiment is twofold: (1) investigating the extension of the Olduvai basin, referred to also as the “Cradle of Human Mankind,” as it hosted a variety of paleoenvironments exploited by hominins during their evolution; and (2) studying the link between the fault system in the main EAR and in its western flank. We conduct detailed data-quality analysis of the seismic recordings based upon ambient noise characterization and numerical waveform simulations. Our data set is of good quality, and we observe that local magnitude can be overestimated up to at least 0.23, due to wave-amplifications effects occurring at sites with loose sedimentary material. Based on a new but simple approach using power spectral density measurements, we calculate the thickness of sedimentary basins. This allows us to map the bottom of the Olduvai paleolake confirming that its sedimentary record may be at least 200 m deeper than previously inferred from core drilling. We also map the bottom of the Olbalbal depression for the first time. In addition, we present a seismicity map of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area with unprecedented detail. The seismicity depicts the suture zone between the Tanzanian craton and the Mozambique belt and reveals that the fault system in the western flank of the rift merges at depth into a single detachment that joins the Manyara fault on the western side of the main rift valley.

Concept for the Developmen of the North-South International Transport Corridor

The development of the international transport corridor plays a special role in the development of the transport system. Russian special economic zones do not form an integrated network; they can be characterized as separate isolated innovation-oriented elements in the economic space of the low-tech Russian economy. Research in the field of expanding the theoretical apparatus on the above issues has shown that the general understanding of the term “international transport system” includes a set of elements that provide significant international freight and passenger traffic between separate geographical areas, includes rolling stock and stationary devices of all modes of transport working in this direction, as well as a set of technological, organizational and legal conditions for the implementation of these transportation. As part of the study, the analysis of three options for the route of the international transport corridor “North-South” is proposed: transportation of goods by rail, western branch, eastern branch. Based on the results of the study, it is determined that the creation, development and operation of a free economic zone of a port type will create an impetus for the high-quality and efficient port infrastructure that will meet international standards and be one of the factors for attracting freight carriers.

Destruction of Co-EDTA Complexes by the Electrochemical Treatment of Water-Based Solutions

This work reports the main findings of the studies related to the problem of liquid radioactive waste utilization conducted at the Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2013–2018. It has been shown that, during the electrochemical treatment of model aqueous solutions containing Co-EDTA, the complex is destroyed and cobalt precipitates in the form of oxides, hydroxides, and spinel of variable compositions.

Tropical Cyclones and Possible Winter Thunderstorms on Kamchatka

The influence of tropical cyclones on the thunderstorm activity on the Kamchatka peninsula for winter thunderstorms in the 2008–2018 period is studied. The temporal variations of the quasi-static electric field and meteorological values at the Paratunka Observatory of the Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Radio Wave Propagation (IKIR) of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (φ = 52.97° N; λ = 158.25° E) and data on the solar, seismic, and cyclonic activities available on the INTERNET are used as an indicator of thunderstorm activity. It is shown that, in addition to from solar flares, which are accompanied by increased radiation in the visible and infrared spectra, the infrared radiation from a series of closely located epicenters of average-intensity earthquakes, as well as distant tropical cyclones in the Pacific Ocean, can be a source of powerful flows of warm and humid air for the formation of thunderstorm activity.

Housebuilding of the Itkul Culture population in the subtaiga — forest-steppe Trans-Urals

This paper presents the results of the analysis of housebuilding tradition and graphical reconstruction of nine buildings from three stages of the eastern branch of the Itkul Culture (end of the 8th — 6th c. BC): Itkul (end of the 8th — first half of the 7th c. BC); Karagay-Aulsky (second half of the 7th c. BC); and Vak-Kurovsky (6th c. BC). The fortified settlements, whose buildings have been studied, are located in the valley of the Tobol River (subtaiga — northern forest-steppe zone, Western Siberia): Karagai Aul 1; Karagai Aul 4; Vak-Kur 2; and Sanatoriy Lesnye Gorki 1. By means of constrained reconstruction based on the analysis of planigraphy and stratigraphy of the excavation site, basic elements of the building frame, viz., the postholes marking the boundary and belonging to the building structure, were identified. Then the specifics of the building frame, techniques employed in construc-tion of walls and roof, and building materials were determined. In the final step of the reconstruction, a series of drawings of the buildings were created. As a result of the analysis of the building remains, a long-lasting house-building tradition of the western Itkul Culture population has been recorded — the use of a pile-dwelling structure built on the day surface. In terms of the shape, elongated sub-rectangular and polygonal-rounded dwellings have been identified. The wall framework consisted of two pillars joined by a beam at the top. These modules consti-tuted perimeter of the structure and were held together by a second row of joists. The framework of the walls and the ridge beam were fixed to each other by scaffold poles placed on the ridge beam at one end and on the wall joist at the other end. The space between the frame elements was filled with tilted timber logs, whole or split lengthwise, and the walls at the top would be insulated with bark and hay or have a soil filler. The roof of the buil-dings was mainly double-slope and a four-slope roof has been recorded only in one instance. The exit from the building was located in one of the walls, usually the short (face) wall. Annexes (lofts?) have been recorded for four buildings. The pile-dwelling structures of above-ground type have a broad range of territorial and chronological analogies; although in the Tobol River region at the turn of the Bronze to the Early Iron Age they appeared in a developed form. The origins of this phenomenon in the studied territory can be established by further research.

Fault-style analysis and seismic interpretation: Implications for the structural issues of the South-eastern Atlas in Tunisia

The aim of this paper is to clarify the structural evolvement of the study area which lies on pre-shaped substratum tectonic movements related to active faults on the eastern branch of the northern Chotts range, which is part of the southern end of the Atlassic folded structures. However, we propose a new structural model to clarify the junction between the Zemlet Baeida Structure (ZBS), the Jebel Itama structure and the first order dextral Fjej corridor fault. We then continue by analyzing the geometry and structures with detailed surface geologic data mapping, oil exploration well data, the analysis of available seismic data, and the interpretation of folding related to faulting evolutions. The geological and geophysical examination enables us to propose an innovative geometrical representation of the trough in the eastern branch of the northern Chotts range. The structural evolvement progressed from an extended event, attested by the development of a graben, passing through a period of reactivation of the inherited faults during the Atlas stress related to en echelon folding. The partitioned structure linked to the folding creates a subsided area and consecutive steps of faulting-detachment-folding. In this study we focus on tectonic inheritances that might guide the structural patterns and kinematics related to the N140 dextral strike-slip Gafsa fault. To obtain the related sources and scales, a geophysical and structural analysis of the surface and subsurface was used since it offers a good understanding of the shape and the kinematics of the systems in this area. This original structural interpretation aims to clarify the structural evolution and kinematic events and to re-evaluate the data presented to confirm that the studied trough system can be recognized during three major consecutive events: the Aptian, the Oligocene-Miocene and the Villafranchian.

Phlogopite-Olivine Nephelinites Erupted During Early Stage Rifting, North Tanzanian Divergence

The North Tanzanian Divergence (NTD, eastern branch of the East African Rift) corresponds to an early stage of continental breakup. In the southern NTD, two quaternary volcanoes of the Manyara-Balangida rift (Labait, Kwaraha) have erupted primary nephelinite lavas (Mg# = 79–57) that allow characterization of their deep mantle source and the alkaline magmas that percolated through the lithosphere during rift initiation. Nephelinites are olivine- and clinopyroxene-rich, and contain up to 4 vol% magmatic phlogopite that crystallized as a liquidus phase with olivine and clinopyroxene. The presence of hydrous mineral (phlogopite) phenocrysts in Kwaraha and Labait lavas strongly suggests that the alkaline melts were H2O-bearing at the time of phlogopite crystallization (1.57–2.12 wt% H2O in phlogopite), demonstrating that phlogopite may have influenced the partitioning of water between the silicate melt and anhydrous silicate minerals (<1 ppm wt H2O clinopyroxene, 1–6 ppm wt H2O in olivine). Geochemical modeling indicates that the nephelinite magmas resulted from a low degree of partial melting (0.2–1%) of a carbonate-rich (0.3%) garnet peridotite containing ∼2 vol% phlogopite. We estimate the depth of partial melting based on primary melt compositions and empirical relations, and suggest that melting occurred at depths of 110–130 km (4 GPa) for craton-edge lavas (Kwaraha volcano) and 150 km (5 GPa) for on-craton lavas (Labait volcano), close to or below the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in agreement with the presence of deep refractory mantle xenoliths in Labait lavas. The depth of melting becomes gradually deeper toward the southern NTD: highly alkaline magmas in the north (Engaruka-Natron Basin) are sourced from amphibole- and CO2-rich peridotite at 75–90 km depth, whereas magmatism in the south (south Manyara Basin) is sourced from deep phlogopite- and CO2-rich garnet-peridotite beneath the Tanzania craton (e.g., at the on-craton Labait volcano). Percolation of deep asthenospheric CO2-rich alkaline magmas during their ascent may have produced strong heterogeneities in the thick sub-continental lithospheric mantle by inducing metasomatism and phlogopite crystallization in glimmerite lithologies.

The common features between Urfa center dialect and Azerbaijani Turkish

Türkçenin başlangıçtan günümüze kadar geçirmiş olduğu merhalelerin ve tarihi dönemlerle bölgelere göre gösterdiği dil özelliklerinin tespit edilmesinde Anadolu ağızları önemli bir veri kaynağı durumundadır. Hâlihazırda Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarından bazılarının yeteri kadar, bazılarının ise henüz incelenmemiş durumda olması Türkiye Türkçesi ağız atlaslarının hazırlanmasını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Ağız atlasları, bir bölgede konuşulan ağzın ses, şekil ve söz dizimi özellikleri ile birlikte söz varlığına dair önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu nedenle ağız atlaslarının içerdiği malzemenin dil bilimsel yönü dışında halk bilimini ilgilendiren sosyo-kültürel bir niteliği de vardır. Anadolu ağızlarının dil özelliklerinin ayrıntılı bir şekilde belirlenmesi bu bağlamda oldukça önemlidir. Batı Türkçesinin doğu kolunu meydana getiren Azerbaycan Türkçesinin dil özellikleri, Anadolu sahasında Azerbaycan’a nispeten daha yakın olan Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde de görülmektedir. Urfa ağzı, Anadolu ağızlarının tasnifi çalışmalarında Doğu grubu ağızlarına dahil edilmiştir. Dil özellikleri bakımından ülke sınırlarının ötesine uzanan Urfa ağzı, Azerbaycan ve Irak-Türkmen Türkçeleriyle kesişmekte ve benzerlikler göstermektedir. Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan Urfa, aynı zamanda doğu grubu Anadolu ağızlarını Irak Türkmen ağızlarıyla birleştiren bir geçiş noktasıdır. Bir ağız bölgesinin morfolojik ve fonetik açıdan analizinin yapılmasında o ağız bölgesini etkileyen konuşma ve yazı dilleriyle yapılacak mukayeseli çalışmalar önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Azerbaycan Türkçesi ile Urfa Merkez ağzı, morfolojik ve fonetik açıdan karşılaştırılarak her iki dil bölgesinde tespit edilen ortak unsurlar ortaya konmuştur.

Роль дальневосточного Осоавиахима в подготовке гражданского населения к защите Родины в 1930-е–1941 гг.

The paper discusses the activities of the Far Eastern branch of Osoviakhim in the 1930s and in the first months of World War II. The structure of the mass defense-sports society that has developed in the Far East of the USSR is examined; the main directions and forms of its activity are disclosed. The quantitative and qualitative results of Osoviakhim’s activities in the Far East, reflecting the number of units and graduates who have mastered the programs in them, were analyzed. Documents from the funds of the Far Eastern archives, some of which are published for the first time, have been put into scientific circulation. The author found that the structure of the Far Eastern Council of Osoviakhim repeated the structure of allied associations. It helped in solving the tasks set by the state before the defense society and was represented in all major settlements of the region. Most of the Far Eastern youth passed through the system of clubs and departments of Osoviakhim. The result of the activities of Osoviakhim was the readiness of the Far East of the USSR for possible hostilities in the World War II.

From the President and IFST News

From the President and IFST News

Nemerteans from the Far Eastern Seas of Russia

This article provides an overview of the species composition of the phylum Nemertea in the Far Eastern seas of Russia. The list of nemerteans includes at least 200 species from the classes Palaeonemertea, Pilidiophora, and Hoplonemertea. Many of the species proved to be new to science; most of them remain undescribed. Currently, the use of gene markers is often the only approach to discriminating between closely related species and identifying them accurately. The well-studied nemertean fauna of Peter the Great Bay (73 species), Sea of Japan, has become a basis for comprehensive studies of these invertebrates at the Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.