Eastern Branch Research Articles

Działalność kulturalno-oświatowa chińskich bibliotek publicznych na przykładzie bibliotek w Szanghaju, Xichang i Chengdu

The aim of the article is to present to Polish readers a general picture of the cultural and educational activities of public libraries in the People’s Republic of China. The author uses as his examples the Eastern Branch of the Shanghai Public Library, Public Library in Xichang and the Library of the Sichuan Province in Chengdu. The main sources of information for the article are the websites of the analysed libraries, books and other publications devoted to librarianship in China as well as individual interviews with library staff members and curators. The author examines the dynamic development of libraries in China, their new functions and various forms of activity.

Early syn-rift igneous dike patterns, northern Kenya Rift (Turkana, Kenya): Implications for local and regional stresses, tectonics, and magma-structure interactions

AbstractFour areas (Loriu, Lojamei, Muranachok-Muruangapoi, Kamutile Hills) of well-developed Miocene-age dikes in the northern Kenya Rift (Turkana, Kenya) have been identified from fieldwork and satellite images; in total, >3500 dikes were mapped. Three areas display NNW-SSE– to N-S–oriented dike swarms, with straight, radial, and concentric patterns in zones <15 km long, and indicate NNW-SSE to N-S regional maximum horizontal principal stress (SHmax) directions in the early to middle Miocene. Individual dikes are typically <2 m wide and tens to hundreds of meters long and have accommodated <2% extension. In places (Loriu, Lojamei, Lokhone high), dikes trend at a high angle to the rift trend, suggesting some local influence (e.g., overpressured magma chamber, cracked lid–style dike intrusions over a sill or laccolith, preexisting fabric in basement) on orientation, in addition to the influence from regional stresses. Only a minor influence by basement fabrics is seen on dike orientation. The early- to middle-Miocene dikes and extrusive activity ended a long phase (up to 25 m.y.) of amagmatic half-graben development in central Kenya and southern Turkana, which lay on the southern edge of the early (Eocene–Oligocene) plume activity. The Miocene dike sets and extension on major border faults in Turkana contrast with larger, more extensive arrays of dikes in evolved systems in the Main Ethiopian Rift that are critical for accommodating crustal extension. By the Pliocene–Holocene, magmatism and intrusion along dikes had become more important for accommodating extension, and the tectonic characteristics began to resemble those of rift basins elsewhere in the eastern branch of the East African Rift.

New Albian (Cretaceous) radiolarian age constraints for the Dumak ophiolitic mélange from the Shuru area, Eastern Iran

The Dumak ophiolitic mélange is part of the nearly complete Neh Ophiolite Complex in Eastern Iran. This complex exhibits a typical ophiolite suite that consists of mantle peridotite, cumulates, gabbro, sheeted dikes, pillow basalt and a sedimentary cover including pelagic and shallow-water deposits. A sequence of red radiolarites intercalated with mid-oceanic ridge-related basalt and pelagic limestone was examined from the Shuru part of the Dumak ophiolitic mélange. A relatively well-preserved and diverse radiolarian assemblage was extracted that includes 25 genera with 19 spumellarian and 26 nassellarian species. The radiolarian microfauna from the Shuru section provides the first biostratigraphical data which establishes a Cretaceous, middle Albian age for the ophiolitic mélange. The new age data contribute to a better understanding of the geodynamic evolution of the eastern branch of the Neotethys.

Effect and satisfaction evaluation of post-abortion care service based on Wechat follow-up on contraceptive compliance of repetitive induced abortion patients

Objective To explore the effect of post-abortion care service based on Wechat follow-up on contraceptive compliance of multiple induced abortion patients, and to evaluate the satisfaction with PAC service. Methods A quasi-experimental method was adopted. A total of 300 cases of induced abortion were selected in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2018 to March 2019, with 150 cases from eastern branch in the experimental group and 150 cases from western branch in the control group. The control group received routine nursing care and post-abortion care service based on telephone follow-up, while the experimental group received routine nursing care and post-abortion care service based on Wechat follow-up. The missing rate of follow-up, the contraceptive method and the occurrence of unexpected pregnancy within one year after operation were collected in the two groups. Patients′ follow-up compliance and nursing satisfaction were evaluated. Results The awareness of the risk of induced abortion in the experimental group was 90.4% (120/135) higher than that in the control group 77.5% (88/111), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 value was 9.128, P=0.010). The contraceptive consciousness of the two groups was 99.3% (134/135) and 94.6% (105/135), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 value was 3.256, P=0.071). There was a statistically significant difference in the missing rate of follow-up between the two groups in January, March, June, and December (χ2 value was 13.664, P=0.003). Compared with 19.8% (22/111) in the control group, 73.3% (99/135) patients in the study group chose high-efficiency contraception, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 value was 69.795, P<0.01).There were no recurring pregnancies in the experimental group within one year, compared with 6.3% (7/111) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 value was 6.630, P=0.003). In the experimental group, the participation rate of the follow-up were (95.37±12.29)%, which were higher than that in the control group (90.77±16.49)%. The difference was statistically significant (t value was 2.438, P<0.05). The overall satisfaction score of the experimental group was 26.55 ± 2.80, which was higher than that of the control group (23.66 ± 3.32). The difference was statistically significant (t value was 7.285, P <0.01). Conclusion Post-abortion care service based on Wechat follow-up could enhance patients′ compliance and satisfaction, guide patients to choose the right contraceptive methods, reduce the rate of repeated abortion and promote female reproductive health. Key words: Post-abortion care; Repeated induced abortion; Contraception; Follow-up; Compliance

¿Una impronta árabe en las versiones hispánicas de El tesoro fatal (ATU 763)?

The aim of this paper is to determine whether the Arabic branch of the tale The Treasure Finders Murder one Another (ATU 763) has left a trace in Hispanic literature. In the first section, we examine a sixteenth-century Morisco adaptation of this tale type, and, in the pages that follow, we analyze other versions interpolated in some Islamic doctrinal sources. The results show that the eastern branch of The Treasure Finders Murder one Another is composed of two different subtypes: Or.1 and Or.2. In Or.1, the story is contaminated with the pious legend of Jesus and the Skull and has its roots in some Christian legends of the Early Middle Ages; whereas, in Or.2, the pattern of the type ATU 763 is combined with two different tales: ATU 785 (Who Ate the Lamb’s Heart?) and ATU 750B (Hospitality Rewarded). The evidence from this study indicates that both subtypes have left a trace in the Spanish tradition. The narrative structure of Or.1 appears in an oral folktale collected by Juan Garmendia Larranaga in Tolosa. The plot of Or.2 is perceivable in two Hispano-Arabic stories: the version included in the Morisco manuscript and a parallel written by At-Turtushi in The Lamp of Kings.

ВОИНА И СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ИРАКА

Iraq, or the Republic of Iraq, lies in western Asia encircling the Mesopotamian plain, the northwestern part of the Zagros mountain range and the eastern branch of the Syrian desert. Syria lies on the northwest border of Iraq, Turkey is to the north, Iran is east, and Jordan is to the west. It has a narrow coastline of about 58km at the North Persian Gulf. More than 15 years ago, a war broke out in Iraq, which turned into a disaster for the entire region. Armed conflict entailed massive displacement in Iraq. The United Nations estimates that 1.8 million people have been displaced since early August, 850,000 of them in the north of the country. Large groups of people were forced to move up to 3 times - all this has caused serious health risks that the government and international agencies led by WHO seek to eliminate. Iraq is experiencing internal instability. On the one hand, it is caused by environmental conditions, including due to the fact that Turkey blocked all the water flowing into Iraq through the Euphrates River, as well as due to environmental pollution in Iraq itself. The Iraq War destroyed an estimated 12% of hospitals and Iraq's two main public health laboratories. The collapse of sanitation infrastructure in 2003 led to an increased incidence of cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever. Malnutrition and childhood diseases. The people of Iraq face a mixture of health hazards associated with poverty. Children, adolescents, women, the elderly, disabled people and those who are chronically ill are at particular risk. 8 The primary causes of the high burden of communicable disease among children are acute lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases and measles. (see Children's health). Lack of adequate sanitation and clean drinking water lead to a high risk of diarrhoea outbreaks Major causes of death in children in Iraq The three major killers in children are acute lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia; diarrheal diseases; and measles. Child death rates due to acute lower respiratory infections and diarrhoea have increased over the last decade. These conditions account for 70% of deaths in children under five years of age.

Recent Surge Behavior of Walsh Glacier Revealed by Remote Sensing Data.

Many surge-type glaciers are present on the St. Elias Mountains, but a detailed study on the surge behavior of the glaciers is still missing. In this study, we used remote sensing data to reveal detailed glacier surge behavior, focusing on the recent surge at Walsh Glacier, which was reported to have surged once in the 1960s. Glacial velocities were derived using a cross-correlation algorithm, and changes in the medial moraines were interpreted based on Landsat images. The digital elevation model (DEM) difference method was applied to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) DEMs to evaluate the surface elevation of the glacier. The results showed that the surge initiated near the conjunction of the eastern and northern branches, and then quickly spread downward. The surge period was almost three years, with an active phase of less than two years. The advancing speed of the surge front was much large than the maximum ice velocity of ≈14 m/d observed during the active phase. Summer speed-ups and a winter speed-up in ice velocity were observed from velocity data, with the speed-ups being more obvious during the active phase. Changes in the glacier velocity and the medial moraines suggested that the eastern branch was more affected by the surge. The DEM differencing results showed that the receiving zone thickened up to about 140 m, and the upstream reservoir zone became thinner. These surge behaviors, as characterized by remote sensing data, gave us more detailed insights into the surge dynamics of Walsh Glacier.

GFAP expression in the optic nerve and increased H2S generation in the integration centers of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain after unilateral eye injury.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered as a protective factor against cardiovascular disorders. However, there are few reports on the effects of H2S in the central nervous system during stress or injury. Previous studies on goldfish have shown that astrocytic response occurs in the damaged and contralateral optic nerves. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) concentration in the optic nerves of rainbow trout has not been measured previously. This study further characterized the astrocytic response in the optic nerve and the brain of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after unilateral eye injury and estimated the amount of H2S-producing enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) in the brain of the rainbow trout. Within 1 week after unilateral eye injury, a protein band corresponding to a molecular weight of 50 kDa was identified in the ipsi- and contralateral optic nerves of the rainbow trout. The concentration of GFAP in the injured optic nerve increased compared to the protein concentration on the contralateral side. The results of a quantitative analysis of GFAP+ cell distribution in the contralateral optic nerve showed the largest number of GFAP+ cells and fibers in the optic nerve head. In the damaged optic nerve, patterns of GFAP+ cell migration and large GFAP+ bipolar activated astrocytes were detected at 1 week after unilateral eye injury. The study of H2S-producing system after unilateral eye injury in the rainbow trout was conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry of polyclonal antibodies against CBS in the integrative centers of the brain: telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed a 1.7-fold increase in CBS expression in the rainbow trout brain at 1 week after unilateral eye injury compared with that in intact animals. In the ventricular and subventricular regions of the rainbow trout telencephalon, CBS+ radial glia and neuroepithelial cells were identified. After unilateral eye injury, the number of CBS+ neuroepithelial cells in the pallial and subpallial periventricular regions of the telencephalon increased. In the optic tectum, unilateral eye injury led to an increase in CBS expression in radial glial cells; simultaneously, the number of CBS+ neuroepithelial cells decreased in intact animals. In the cerebellum of the rainbow trout, neuroglial interrelationships were revealed, where H2S was released, apparently, from astrocyte-like cells. The organization of H2S-producing cell complexes suggests that, the amount of glutamate produced in the rainbow trout cerebellum and its reuptake was controlled by astrocyte-like cells, reducing its excitotoxicity. In the dorsal matrix zone and granular eminences of the rainbow trout cerebellum, CBS was expressed in neuroepithelial cells. After unilateral eye injury, the level of CBS activity increased in all parts of the cerebellum. An increase in the number of H2S-producing cells was a response to oxidative stress after unilateral eye injury, and the overproduction of H2S in the cerebellum occurred to neutralize reactive oxygen species, providing the cells of the rainbow trout cerebellum with a protective effect. A structural reorganization in the dorsal matrix zone, associated with the appearance of an additional CBS+ apical zone, and a decrease in the enzyme activity in the dorsal matrix zone, was revealed in the zones of constitutive neurogenesis. All experiments were approved by the Commission on Biomedical Ethics, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology (NSCMB), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science (FEB RAS) (approval No. 1) on July 31, 2019.

Integrated Expeditionary Research in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk on Cruise No. 55 of the R/V Akademik Oparin

According to the Plan of Complex Scientific Research of the World Ocean for 2017–2022, the V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, continues to study the northern part of the Sea of Japan and the Tatar Strait, carrying out a three-year plan of expeditionary research of this region. The expedition aboard the R/V Akademik Oparin (cruise no. 55) spanned from October 2 to 19, 2018. Geophysical and gas-geological study of the water area in the central and southern parts of the Tatar Strait was continued. On the rookery of Tyuleny Island, in the Sea of Okhotsk, information on sea lions and larghas were recorded, three individuals of northern fur seal were tagged with satellite trackers to study their migration routes. CTD observations of the upper layer (down to 600 m) were made on transects across mesoscale eddies in the northern part of the Sea of Japan. Expeditionary research was supported by the Council of the Earth’s Hydorsphere of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

“A Region Which Will at the Same Time Delight and Disgust You”: Landscape Transformation and Changing Environmental Relationships in Civil War Washington, DC

“A Region Which Will at the Same Time Delight and Disgust You”Landscape Transformation and Changing Environmental Relationships in Civil War Washington, DC Nathan A. Marzoli (bio) Dragged away from his home in Tompkins County, New York, by war, Capt. Andrew Jackson Grover found himself frustrated by the nation’s capital. Stationed with his regiment at Fort DeRussy, high above the picturesque Rock Creek Valley, Grover penned an eloquent letter to his hometown newspaper about the striking contrasts he saw in the region’s landscape. On one hand, he was struck by the rural beauty of the area, telling his readers, “The road to the city is one of the most romantic I ever traveled. It leads through nearly three miles of woods, compels us to ford streams several times, and continually delights the eye by a panorama of beauty which shows a new scene at every turn.” The officer found beauty in the seemingly well-placed cedar trees that crowded the ravines, “dignified oaks and chestnuts” that crowned the hills, and the magnolias that “range themselves along the roadside like lines of spectators, promising to drop their flowers upon our heads if we came that way next summer.” Yet on the other hand, he also chastised the local farmers, whom he thought had not properly maintained this landscape. He called Washington a “region which will at the same time delight and disgust you.” Grover concluded that the city was almost “designed to give us a perfect contrast,” because in spite of the great rural beauty, “we see only dilapidated dwellings, prostrate fences, meet seldom with any but ignorant bears, and cannot pass a house without being barked at by dogs.”1 Many contemporaries probably would have agreed with Captain Grover in his assessment of Washington as a rural, frustratingly incomplete city. Pierre L’Enfant had ambitiously planned out the new capital city over a large area extending [End Page 125] from the Potomac River and the Eastern Branch (now the Anacostia River) as far as Rock Creek to the west and Boundary Street (present-day Florida Avenue) to the north.2 Even by 1861, the government buildings surrounding the White House and Capitol were still the only substantial structures in Washington City. But even these were widely spaced and often incomplete, leading some of the sixty thousand inhabitants to refer to it as a “city of magnificent distances.” The landscape of the District beyond Boundary Street and into Maryland and Virginia was mostly rural. If travelers followed one of the many dirt tracks (generously called roads) that led them toward the outskirts of the District and eventually into Maryland, they might alternately pass through “lonely tracts of woodlands” that sometimes almost resembled “uncivilized territory”; scattered small farms, as well as farm fields, orchards, and fences; and the occasional stately plantation, many of which were owned by Virginia’s and Maryland’s most influential families. In an era when other American cities were rapidly urbanizing, Washington stayed closely tied to the rural landscape. In fact, its relationship with nature seemed to have remained mostly static since its founding on the Potomac River over half a century before. This connection would change permanently, however, with the outbreak of Civil War.3 When Virginia seceded from the Union in April 1861, Washington’s antebellum relationship with nature—one that kept the city closely tied to the rural landscape—actually posed a threat. Officials worried that Confederate forces might march on the capital, using the heights across the Potomac River to lob shells in among the government buildings. The lack of developed roads, as well as the large tracts of forests and agricultural lands, would also make it difficult for Federal troops to mount an effective defense of the city. Not only would it be challenging to shuffle troops and supplies around a defense system, but the many woodlots and rugged hills would also prevent mounted artillery from maintaining proper fields of fire. Because many in the Federal government realized the key to defending the nation was the strength of the capital city itself, Union forces would need to alter the area’s landscape—and, therefore, rewrite the city’s existing environmental relationships...

“The United States of America in 2020” (a Round-Table Discussion)

A brief report on the conduct of the scientific event in the “round table” format on the topic “The United States of America in 2019”. A Round-Table discussion was organized by the Council of Young Scientists of the Institute for the U.S. and Canadian Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISKRAN). The participants are graduate students and young researches of ISKRAN, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN), Institute of Latin American Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (ILA RAN), Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Science (IE RAS), Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Science (IAS RAS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), The Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far-East, Far- Eastern Branch of the RAS (IHAE FEBRAS). The event was held in a remote format on the ZOOM platform.

Sevier Fault at Red Canyon

The Sevier fault is spectacularly displayed on the north side of Utah Highway 12 at the entrance to Red Canyon, where it offsets a 500,000-year-old basaltic lava flow. The fault is one of several active, major faults that break apart the western margin of the Colorado Plateau in southwestern Utah. The Sevier fault is a “normal” fault, a type of fault that forms during extension of the earth’s crust, where one side of the fault moves down relative to the other side. In this case, the down-dropped side (the hanging wall) is west of the fault; the upthrown side (the footwall) lies to the east. The contrasting colors of rocks across the fault make the fault stand out in vivid detail. Immediately south of Red Canyon, the 5-million-year-old Rock Canyon lava flow, which erupted on the eastern slope of the Markagunt Plateau, flowed eastward and crossed the fault (which at the time juxtaposed non-resistant fan alluvium against coarse-grained volcaniclastic deposits) (Biek and others, 2015). The flow is now offset 775 to 1130 feet (235-345 m) along the main strand of the fault, yielding an anomalously low vertical slip rate of about 0.05 mm/yr (Lund and others, 2008). However, this eastern branch of the Sevier fault accounts for only part of the total displacement on the fault zone. A concealed, down-to-the-west fault is present west of coarse-grained volcaniclastic strata at the base of the Claron cliffs. Seismic reflection data indicate that the total displacement on the fault zone in this area is about 3000 feet (900 m) (Lundin, 1987, 1989; Davis, 1999).

‘Connecto ergo sum’: a hyperlink analysis of national archives in the Eastern and Southern Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives

Lennart Björneborn’s famous tweet, ‘connecto ergo sum’, which means, ‘I link, therefore I exist’, puts forward the intriguing dimension of the web as a platform for link-based research, a major tenet of webometrics. Webometrics, as discussed in this study, explored the web presence, web visibility, web-impact and linkage of archival institutions in the ESARBICA region; examining the types of institutions that provide links to archival institutions in the ESARBICA region; establishing the links pointing to national archival institutions in the ESARBICA region; and examining the type of institutions that provide these links. Google Search engine and Alexa metasearch engine were used to collect data. Additionally, the formulas derived from the Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group (2016): ‘Impact=Inlinks/page’ and ‘site:Domain’ were used to collect data on the impact and web pages linking to the archival institutions. The study was underpinned by the Citation Analysis theory. Search engines, metasearch engines and web content analysis were used to collect webometrics data from ESARBICA archival websites. The findings of the study revealed that the web-impact of ESARBICA archival institutions is generally low as evidenced by the low impact factors attained. This may lead to the minimal usage of the information on the websites, undermining the importance of archival institutions. The low impact can be increased through such measures as redesigning websites to increase visibility, posting rich files on websites, and interlinking the websites to key archival associations and institutions, among others. Other findings showed that some websites were hosted by institutions other than the archival institutions The impact results further revealed that in the ESARBICA region, Southern Africa was more represented with the archival institutions from six countries (Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe), while the Eastern African region had archival institutions from two countries (Kenya and Tanzania). The findings further showed that not all archival websites attained web presence in the form of accessible websites. The link classification results revealed that the ESARBICA websites mostly attracted industry links with extensions .com and .co as the most popular Top Level Domains (TLD). A strong link relationship was noted between archival institutions and research-based activities in universities, as well as evidence of openness as archival institutions published documents with archives-related discussions on Google Scholar. The study showed that ESARBICA archival websites are not interactive in nature and have not yet embraced Web 2.0 tools on their archival websites. The implications of the study included that archival institutions without websites might consider attaining web presence through constructing websites, establishing link relationships by archival institutions, and making efforts to avail more data to enhance web presence in ranking. The study recommended that ESARBICA archival institutions host standalone websites and establish links with archives related research sites. The practical implications of the paper include: revealing the specific ways in which archival institutions can conduct web-link assessments and web-impact assessments, ways of interpreting results from web-impact assessments and link-impact assessments, assessing alternative methods of link counts.

A convection-permitting model for the Lake Victoria Basin: evaluation and insight into the mesoscale versus synoptic atmospheric dynamics

Aiming for an improved understanding of the different factors that determine the regional climate of the Lake Victoria Basin, the COSMO-CLM regional climate model is set up in a tropical, convection-permitting configuration and is directly nested in a recent reanalysis product (ERA5). The convection-permitting simulation outperforms state-of-the-art climate integrations that rely on convection parametrisations. Yet the domain-averaged model precipitation is larger than in the multi-observational ensemble, but the latter shows large spread. Overestimations of outgoing TOA shortwave and longwave radiation are much reduced compared to the COSMO-CLM CORDEX-Africa integration, but still suggest a general underestimation of the cloud fraction or frequency. Comparing the control with a no-lake simulation, the presence of Lake Victoria implies strong intensification of over-lake rainfall, but it only slightly increases the total domain-averaged precipitation. In addition, the easterly trade winds are shown to largely affect the mesoscale circulation and precipitation patterns. During daytime, fast trades and anabatic slope winds trigger convection at the lee-wind slopes, and subsidence over the basin. Slow trades allow the stationary air to produce spontaneous convective cells and to develop anabatic winds that result in orographic precipitation. During night-time, trade winds curl around the eastern branch of the East African Rift, generating a southerly and northerly evening convergence front entering the Lake Victoria Basin. Thus, our results highlight the key importance of the easterly trade winds and the complex orography in determining the total accumulation and location of precipitation in the Lake Victoria region.

Cenozoic reactivation along the Late Triassic Ganzi-Litang suture, eastern Tibetan Plateau

The spatial-temporal development of Cenozoic reactivation along Mesozoic suture zones in the Tibetan Plateau are first-order parameters needed for assessing models of plateau growth. The Ganzi-Litang suture, in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, developed in the Late Triassic because of subduction and closure along the eastern branch of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. Near the city of Litang, the Ganzi-Litang suture is defined by a mélange sequence with fault-bound, synorogenic nonmarine strata along the western and eastern flanks, suggesting post-Triassic structural reactivation. We present detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and field data to determine the timing and style of reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture, as well as sedimentary provenance of nonmarine strata.A reverse fault placing mélange rock on top of nonmarine strata along the eastern flank of the Ganzi-Litang suture indicates a contractional deformational regime during reactivation. Conglomerate clast counts indicate a local sediment source of recycled Ganzi-Litang suture and Yidun terrane rock. Detrital zircons indicate a localized provenance consisting of recycled material from Triassic Yidun Arc plutons and Triassic Yidun Group turbidite rock. A weighted mean average of Cenozoic zircon grains (n ​= ​10) establishes a maximum depositional age of 41.5 ​± ​1.2 ​Ma for nonmarine strata in the Ganzi-Litang suture. We interpret the maximum depositional age of the nonmarine strata to represent the upper-limit for structural reactivation along the Ganzi-Litang suture while undeformed Neogene strata in the suture zone represent the lower-limit; thereby bracketing structural reactivation from ca. 42–25 ​Ma. Our results provide enhanced spatial-temporal resolution for Cenozoic deformation in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.

Base metal mineralization of the Kolyma terrain in Northeast Russia: Overview and genetic classification

Research subject. The Prikolyma terrain located in the Northeastern part ofRussia constitutes a long-lived Precambrian thrust-faulted structure hosting numerous Cu, Pb and Zn deposits of different types.Materials and methods. The mineralization of the terrain was examined during a course of research and exploration works over the 2007–2012. The rock geochemistry was studied using ICP-OES analysis at the Stuart Geochemistry and Essay laboratory (Moscow). The microprobe analysis of minerals was carried out at the facilities of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Magadan) using a Camebax X-ray microanalyzer. The isotopic ratios of sulphur in sulphides were measured using a Finnigan MAT 253 isotope mass spectrometer.Results. The porphyry-copper deposit Nevidimka is represented by skarns and sulphide-quartz stockworks embedded in porphyry granites. The vein deposits Opyt and Glukhoye constitute sulphide-carbonate-quartz veins, the composition of which corresponds to copper-polymetallic ores of the peripheral parts of the copper-porphyry formation. These deposits feature a similar geochemistry and composition of sulphides and sulphur isotopes, which is characteristic of the Riphean complexes of the Prikolyma terrain. The stratiform Pb-Zn veins Nadezhda-3 and Khaya enclosed in Proterozoic dolomites represent parallel-bedding disseminated sulphides. The composition of these ores indicates their diagenetic origin. Tne stratiform copper deposit Oroyok is embedded in Proterozoic shales and can be referred to sediment-hosted copper deposits of a transgressive type.Conclusions. The diversity of Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization types in the Prikolyma terrain is established to have resulted from multiple cyclic changes of the geodynamic ore formation regime. During each such cycle, syngenetic mineralization was followed first by epigenetic and then by vein mineralization. The mobile, thrust-faulted structure caused repeated rejuvenation of ores, which inherited the geochemical features of hosting rocks.

Variable structural styles and tectonic evolution of an ancient backstop boundary: the Pieniny Klippen Belt of the Western Carpathians

The Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB) and adjoining zones form a narrow, but lengthy belt that separates the Cretaceous nappe stack of the Central (Austroalpine) and the Cenozoic accretionary wedge of the External Western Carpathians (Flysch Belt). The PKB shares units and structures of both, in addition to the distinctive Oravic units, derived from a continental fragment in the Middle Penninic position. In map view, the northward-convex PKB consists of two branches—the western one striking roughly SW–NE and the eastern one oriented in the NW–SE direction. The western branch experienced a continuous NW–SE convergence and forward accretion of units derived from the foreland plate during the Late Cretaceous up to Oligocene. The developing accretionary wedge was supported by the backstop of the Central Carpathians. In contrast, the eastern branch originated by separation of PKB units and their dextral translation along the NE margin of the Central Carpathian block in the Late Eocene. During the Miocene reorganization of plate movements in the Carpathian area, the situation reversed. The eastern, formerly dextral transform margin was converted to the frontal backstop of the eastern part of the accretionary wedge. In contrast, the western, previously orthogonally convergent branch was affected by along-strike sinistral movements. Despite these considerable kinematic changes, the PKB remained fixed to both backstop edges and records deformation structures and associated sediments differentiated into several evolutionary stages.

Lower Oligocene Calc-Alkaline Spessartitic Lamprophyres from Central Iran (East of Anarak Area); an Evidence from the Eastern Branch of Neotethys Subduction-Related Mantle Enrichment

The Lower Oligocene Kal-e-kafi (East of Anarak, Central Iran) lamprophyres occur as stocks and dikes, which cross-cut the Eocene volcanic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. The predominant minerals of these lamprophyres are hornblende (magnesiohastingsite) and clinopyroxene (diopside) phenocrysts set in a fine- to medium-grained matrix of the same minerals plus plagioclase (labradorite to bytownite), sanidine, apatite, and magnetite. Secondary minerals are chlorite, magnetite, calcite, and epidote. Petrography, mineral chemistry, and whole rock compositions classify these rocks as calc-alkaline lamprophyre, in general, and spessartite in particular. These samples have intermediate compositions (SiO2 ~ 58 wt %). The chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle-normalized multi-element spider diagram of Kal-e-kafi lamprophyres are remarkably parallel and suggest that these dikes and stocks were derived from the same parental magma and underwent similar melt extraction. These rocks are enriched in alkalies, large-ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, Ba, K), and light rare-earth elements (e.g., La, Ce), and exhibit moderate to high fractionation in LREE patterns, with an average La/Lu ratio of 112. The large amount of hydrous fluids coming from the subducted slab rather than sediments caused to the enrichment and metasomatism of subcontinental lithospheric mantle source. Crustal contamination and assimilation of host rocks also played role in the genesis of these lamprophyres. Geochemical characteristics of the studied rocks suggest that parental magma have been derived from partial melting of a metasomatized amphibole-bearing spinel lherzolite of lithospheric mantle, which was previously modified by dehydration of a subducting slab. Subduction of oceanic crust around the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent (CEIM) is the most reasonable mechanism to explain enrichment in volatiles of the mantle, and the lamprophyric magmatism of the Kal-e-kafi area in Lower Oligocene times. Several tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams indicate that the Kal-e-kafi lamprophyres occurred during postcollisional period of lithospheric extension.

Preface

3rd International Geothermal Conference GEOHEAT 2019 organized by Research Geotechnological Center of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation was held in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 03-06 September, 2019.139 people attended the conference. There were presented 19 reports, 7 of which were reports of the participants from the Russian Federation. The share of foreign countries participants amounted to 63%. There were offered the presentations from 10 countries: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Germany, Indonesia, People’s Republic of China (Taiwan), Costa Rica, Mexico, Russia, USA and France. People from Ukraine, Kenya, India, Italy and other countries took part in the conference in absentia. Thus, the participants from all continents excluding Australia and Antarctica participated in the conference. The largest number of reports was submitted by scientists of state research institutes: it is 37%. The second place is accounted for people from industrial enterprises, both public and private: it is 26%. 3 reports were presented by authors from universities, 2 – from government organizations, 2 – from public organizations.Conferences were preceded by short courses supported by the International Geothermal Association (International Geothermal Association, IGA).Main topics for talks, posters, and panel discussions were theoretical issues of geothermics and heat flow, geothermal resources in extensional and compressional settings, geosciences, case studies, exploration, field management, electricity generation, drilling and well bore flows, reservoir engineering and numerical simulation, EGS/HDR, geology of geothermal fields, geochemistry of geothermal fields, thermal properties of geothermal fields rocks, low enthalpy systems and direct use, geothermal heat pumps, geothermal hydrogen, magma chambers, economics.The event contributed to the solution of a number of fundamental problems: the development of theoretical issues of geothermics and heat flow of the Earth; establishment of new features of thermophysical processes in the geothermal water field development with supercritical thermodynamic parameters; the establishment of geothermal parameters of the Earth crust on basis of advanced experimental technologies (continuous thermal core logging technology, instruments for thermal property measurements at formation conditions, accounting of rocks heterogeneity, as well as micro- and macroanisotropy), and on this basis the geothermal resources revaluation, including geothermal resources maps. The organizing committee consisted of 27 persons from 19 countries. The conference proceedings contain the papers presented at the 3rd International Geothermal Conference GEOHEAT 2019.Convener, Chair of the Organizing CommitteeRoman I. Pashkevich

Survey on Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Vernacular Houses in Madeira (Portugal)

Vernacular housing in the Island of Madeira (Archipelago of Madeira, Portugal) is built anonymously. This architecture is made by the people and for the people without the aid of an architect. This built heritage demonstrates the relationship between the population and its surroundings, through the care with which they treated the climatic constraints and that is clearly related to the seasonal variation of temperature, regardless of cultural differences and of the level of development of each community. The Island of Madeira has temperate climates characterized by mild temperatures all year round. The climate is largely influenced by the Eastern branch of the Azores anticyclone especially from spring to autumn. These buildings are strongly marked by an agricultural economy and are characterized by great regional diversity. The agricultural feature took care of the fertile alluvial land, giving rise to the first settlements. However, with the growth of the population began the conquest of the coast, occupying the dense forest that provided them with good timber for local consumption and for export. With the land tamed, the next challenge was to control the waters, the first paths between the places of difficult access, which carried the waters of irrigation at various locations, including the north and the south shores. The built vernacular heritage of the Island of Madeira had a primary function of shelter, and then housing and nowadays new uses are being implemented. The research and study of the essence, the behaviour, the possibilities of traditional technologies used in a specific territory are like the rediscovery, always renewed, of the profound meaning of the Portuguese architecture. This paper analyses through surveys whether a very specific type of vernacular heritage housing in the Island of Madeira provides comfort. In fact, questionnaire responses from the initial survey regarding 66 vernacular houses were analysed to understand the residents’ satisfaction with the existing conditions through post-occupancy evaluation. Several variables were associated with dwelling and thermal comfort. This way, a post-occupancy evaluation is proposed including energy monitoring for fine-tuning and increasing energy efficiency as well as for gathering knowledge for planners and developers. This study not only provides valuable information for future housing sustainable rehabilitation but also it may enable the identification by the Local Authority of ways of improving the quality of life for residents.