Earthworm Research Articles

Micro and Macro Nutrient Analysis on Vermicomposting Properties of Native Indian Lampito mauritii

India's native Lampito mauritii, a purely anecic peregrine has proven to be an effective tool for reducing organic waste in vermicomposting techniques. This study focuses on nutrient analysis and the analysis of physicochemical parameters in Lampito mauritii using the vermicomposting method. The results obtained from this study were elucidated using Physicochemical Parameters such as Moisture Content, Particle size, Odor and Color, pH and Electrical Conductivity and macronutrient analysis for Potassium, Available Phosphorus, Soluble calcium and magnesium, Chloride, Available boron, Micronutrients and Heavy metals. In our study macro and micro mineral analysis showed increased concentration in vermicompost. Heavy metal concentration is also considerably high in vermicompost. These results show the impact of Lampito mauritii in enriching the soil quality.

Effects of feeding earthworm or vermicompost on early life performance of broilers under challenging dietary conditions

We investigated if feeding earthworms (EW) or vermicompost (VC) to broilers improves performance and aids in coping with dietary challenges from a soluble non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)-enriched diet (negative control diet; CON-). Newly-hatched male Cobb-500 birds (N = 480) were fed either a positive (+) control diet (CON+, n = 240) or CON+ supplemented with either 1% EW (CON+EW; n = 120) or 1% VC in DM (CON+VC; n = 120) for 8 d (Period 1; P1). At the end of P1, blood and intestinal samples were taken from half the birds in each group. Half of remaining birds on CON+ stayed on CON+ for further 8 d (P2; d9-16) or switched to CON-. Birds on CON+EW and CON+VC in P1 were switched to CON- in P2 (CON-EW and CON-VC, respectively). The CON+VC improved (P < 0.05) BW and ADG in P1 through an elevated feed intake (FI) (P < 0.05) with no effect on FCR. CON+EW did not differ from the CON+ in terms of growth and FI in P1. In P2 CON- did not affect growth or DMI relative to CON+. In the end of P2, 10% of CON+ birds had pasty vent (PV). CON- increased incidence of PV and CON-VC aggravated this effect (P < 0.05), whereas CON-EW did not differ from CON+. CON- diet reduced proportion of 16S rDNA in colon digesta (P = 0.049), while CON-EW and CON-VC did not differ from CON+. Compared to CON-, CON-EW tended to decrease (P = 0.072) incidence of PV. Ceca were heavier (P < 0.05) in CON-EW than in CON+ fed birds. In conclusion, the challenge diet induced PV and reduced bacterial 16S rDNA in colon digesta, likely due to soluble NSP-induced anti-nutritive effects. VC supplementation enhanced early growth by increasing feed intake. Provision of EW did not impact performance but decreased incidence of PV and increased cecal size, suggesting that potential inoculation with beneficial microorganisms may counteract NSP effects.

Effects of four types of natural bait on water quality, feeding, growth, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Monopterus albus in a recirculating aquaculture system

Monopterus albus is one of China’s renowned and superior aquaculture species, with its seedlings mainly sourced from wild capture. One of the bottlenecks in M. albus aquaculture is the high mortality rate and low feeding initiation rate from stocking wild fry to the initiation of feeding. In production, trash fish is commonly used to wean M. albus juveniles onto feeding. In this study, we introduced three other natural feeds, earthworms (EW), yellow mealworms (YMW), and fly maggots (FM), with frozen trash fish (TF) serving as the control group, to evaluate the effects of these four natural feeds on the survival rate, feeding initiation, antioxidant enzymes activity, and body composition of M. albus juveniles under recirculating water aquaculture conditions. The experiment comprised four treatments, each with three replicates. Each replicate consisted of stocking 150 M. albus juveniles weighing 10.02 ± 0.89 g in size, raised for 5 weeks. The survival rate of the YMW group was 73.33%–85.33%, which was significantly higher than that of the other three bait groups (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The four bait groups showed no significant differences in final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) (p &amp;gt; 0.05). The EW group showed the highest final body weight, with an average SGR of 2.73, whereas the YMW group had an average SGR of 1.87. The average daily feeding amount was significantly higher in EW and YMW groups than in the other two groups (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The percentage of feeding amount to fish weight in the EW group reached 7.3% in the fifth week. After 5 weeks of cultivation, NO2−-N content was significantly higher in the waters of the TF and EW groups than in the waters of the FM and YMW groups (p &amp;lt; 0.05), there was no significant difference in TAN content among the treatment groups (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Liver malondialdehyde content was significantly higher in the TF group than in the other bait groups (p &amp;lt; 0.05). GSH-Px activity was significantly higher in the EW group than in the FM group and YMW group. No significant differences in SOD and CAT activity and T-AOC were observed among the bait groups (p &amp;gt; 0.05). The increase in crude protein content was significantly higher in the TF group than in the FM group, but the increase in crude ash content was significantly lower in the TFgroup. In conclusion, Tenebrio molitor could potentially serve as one of the alternative feeds during the initial stages of M. albus juveniles stocking.

Phytochemical and Invitro Antihelmintic Activity of Aqueous Polyherbal Seed Extract against Pheretima Postuma

The present study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening and anthelmintic activity of aqueous polyherbal seeds extract (APSE) against Pheretima posthuma. The seeds of Coriandrum sativum, Sesamum indicum, Glycine max, Momordica charantiana trachyspermum ammi, was identified and purchased from local market of Nuzvid. APSE was prepared from the dried seeds of five different plants using the solvent water. Initially, APSE was screened for phytochemical constituents by standard methods. Further, antihelmintic study was conducted against Pheretima posthuma, collected from local Vermicomposting Farm, Nuzvid. In the phytochemical screening, APSE showed presence of glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols and tannins. In the anthelmintic study, mortality was produced in earth worm populations by APSE. The use of APSE as an anthelmintic was confirmed by using standard method against Pheretima posthuma. The results indicated that the test drug has significant anthelmintic properties. The data were found statistically significant by using one way ANOVA (P&lt; 0.0001). Hence, it can be concluded that the APSE can be used as a novel drug for the treatment of worm infestations.

Evaluation of Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Bisphenol-A and Phthalates on Earthworm and Nitrifying Bacteria from Soil Collected in Waste Management Landfill, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Additives such as bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates are added to plastics during production processes in order to improve their properties. Since they are not covalently bound but simply mixed with the plastic polymer. They disperse easily in the environment, especially when plastic products are degraded into microplatics. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate bioaccumulation and toxicity of bisphenol-A and phthalates on earthworm (Apporrectoda ionga) and nitrifying bacteria from soil collected in Waste management landfill, Kaduna Sate, Nigeria using standard techniques. Data obtained shows that Bisphenol A, Diethytlphalate, Dimethylphthalate and Diethylhexylphalate were detected in the plastic enriched compositing soil while only bisphenol A was detected in the control soil sample. The physico-chemical analysis of the composted soil and the control had electrical conductivity 254.00, 61.00us/cm, chloride 66.15, 16.00mg/kg, potassium 171.5, 4.25mg/kg, nickel 1.00, 0.25mg/kg, Iron 17.40, 3.11mg/kg, Zinc 2.90, 0.67mg/kg, moisture 5.32, 7.21% total organic carbon 5.26, 0.71% and total nitrogen 0.52, 0.07% respectively. The bacteriological analysis for composted soil and control soil growth ranging from 4.0 x 103+0.12 to 3.5x103+104cfu/g and 3.2x103+0.4 to 2.8x103+0.10 respectively. There was significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in the bacteria counts from the control soil sample. The toxicity analysis revealed higher percentage utilization of nitrite with LC50 values of 25.04, 23.93, 15.9 and 13.39 and higher bacteria inhibition with EC50 values of 52.00, 81.72, 111.31 and 123.13. The results suggest that autotrophic transformation by nitrifying bacteria which enhances soil fertility may be hindered in an ecosystem polluted with these plasticizers as nitrification process will reduced. Percentage survival rate of earth worms decreased with increase in plastic concentration (75.47-20.93%).

Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima Leaf Extract by In-Silico and In-Vitro Studies

The Greek term for "helminthes" means "worm." Human-infecting parasites fall into one of two categories: keepsakes or heirlooms. Heirlooms are parasites that have been passed down from African ancestors, while souvenirs are parasites that humans have picked up from animals through migration, evolution, and agricultural activities. These helminthic infections are the most prevalent human infectious agents in poor nations. The helminthic parasite affects around 2 billion people worldwide, or more than 25% of the total population. It is a big problem in developing nations, particularly for young people. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to extract the plant's active ingredients and test the crude extract's anti-helminthic properties. In this study, we worked on the ceasalpeniapulcherima plant with a focus on natural remedies for the treatment of helmintiasis. The chief scientist of Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Floriculture Research Station, Rajndranagar, authenticated the true nature of the plant. Water and ethanol were utilized in the extraction procedure. To find out what chemicals are in the alcoholic extract, a screening test is performed on it. The flavonoid test on the extract came out positive. Using Albendazole as the prescribed medication, the anthelmintic action was carried out on Indian earthworms. In Indian earth worms, we found that alcoholic extract exhibits good antihelmintic action. By Insilco studies we found the interaction of flavanoids with antihelmentic proteins. Key Word: Helminthes, ceasalpeniapulcherima, flavonoids, extractioin, in silico study.

Comparative Bio-accumulation Potential of Chromium and Cadmium and Their Toxic Effects on Morphology of Earthworm’s Species, Pheretima posthuma

İn this study research was conducted to investigate the accumulative ability and devastating effect of Chromium sulfate (CrSO4) and Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on the growth of earthworm (EW), Pheretima posthuma. An experimental trial conducted in the Labortory of the Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. After acclimatization, earthworms reared in jars were divided into five groups with three replicates, Group A controlled, Group B was given 200mg/kg CrSO4, Group C was given 300 mg/kg CrSO4, Group D was given 200mg/kg CdCl2, Group E was given for 300mg/kg CdCl2 treated-soil, respectively. The flame spectrophotometer was used for the quantification of absorption of heavy metals. After 30 days post-exposure, the highest Cr accumulation (8.88±0.07 mg/kg ) was detected in group C while highest accumulation of Cd (7.81±0.09 mg/ kg) was detected in group E. Furthermore, it was noted that these significant accumulations resulted in weight and length reduction. The highest weight reduction (-1.23±0.02g) was observed in group C while the lowest weight reduction (-1.15±0.01g) was observed in group E. Similarly, the highest length reduction (-1.82±0.03cm) was observed in group C while lower length reduction (-1.745±0.24cm) was noted in group E. It was evident that Cr has a more deleterious effect on earthworm growth than Cd. The control showed weight gain (0.26±0.05g) and length gain (1.98±0.27cm). The result of the study were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). Taken together, it was concluded that earthworm has great potential for bio-accumulation of available heavy metals (Cd and Cr) in the soil and Cr has a higher potential for bio-accumulation than Cd. Although earthworm has a great tendency to survive in a heavy metal environment, their body mass is reduced due to heavy metal toxicity. This study aims to understand the storage of heavy metals in earthworms and to investigate their bioaccumulation ability. This study aims to how heavy metals are stored in earthworms and investigate their capacity for bioaccumulation.

A Phorbol Ester from Antimicrobial and Anthelmintic Leaf Extracts of Pseudocedrela Kotschyi Chweinf Harms (Meliaceae)

The powdered dry leaf of Pseudocedrela kotschyi was successively extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, 30% aqueous ethanol and methanol. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols and anthraquinones. Antimicrobial screening of the extracts revealed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with mic values ranging from 100-250 µg/ml. Also, the anthelmintic activity of the extracts against the pin worm, Entrobius vermicularis and the earth worm, Lumbricina terrestris was investigated and they displayed generally high anthelmintic activity. Chromatographic fractionation ,followed by GC-MS analysis of the fractions led to the identification of phorbol-12,13-dihexanoate as a constituent of the leaves of P. kotschyi. This may account for the highly poisonous property of the plant.

Biodiversity of earthworm (Oligochaeta- Annelida) in Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India

Earthworm samples were collected in different fields at intervals of 25 days at 768 randomly selected locations (8 blocks x 4 villages x 4 fields x 6 sites) in the Kushinagar district of northeast Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 18893 individuals were collected, representing 9 species, 7 genera, and 3 families. Among them, the most dominant species was Lampito mauritii (15.68%) followed by Metaphire posthuma (14.44%), Eisenia fetida (11.01%), Perionyx excavatus (10.22%), Ramiella bishambari (10.17%), Eutyphoeus waltoni (9.87%), Eutyphoeus incommodus (9.82%), Amynthas morrisi (9.69%), and Dichogaster bolaui (9.10%). In Kushinagar district, Megascolecidae and Acanthodrilidae accounted for the largest families, each representing 50.03 % and 38.96% distribution in the fields in different blocks. Lumbricidae family represents only 11.01% of distribution in the fields. Different ecological indices were calculated at all the locations and date intervals and its consequences were discussed

Vermi-converted Tea Industry Coal Ash efficiently substitutes chemical fertilization for growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) in an alluvial soil: A field-based study on soil quality, nutrient translocation, and metal-risk remediation

Although coal ashes (CA) can be converted into an eco-friendly product through vermicomposting, the utility of vermiconverted CA in agriculture still needs to be explored. Therefore, the feasibility of vermicomposted tea industry coal ash (VCA) as an alternative nutrient source for cabbage (Brassica oleracea, var. Capitata) production was evaluated through an on-field experiment in alluvial soil. Two types of vermicomposts were prepared using Eisenia fetida (VCAE) and Lampito mauritii (VCAL) and were applied in different combinations with chemical fertilizers. The results revealed a significant increase in nutrient availability (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the soil treated with VCA, alongside a concurrent build-up of soil organic carbon stocks, activation of microbial growth, and enhanced soil enzyme activity. Additionally, VCA application substantially reduced toxic metals in the soil, thereby improving soil health and promoting the uptake of essential nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc) in cabbage. VCA application reduced the bioaccumulation of potentially toxic metals (chromium, lead, and cadmium) from coal ash, ensuring safer food production. Notably, a 25 % substitution of chemical fertilizers with VCA and farmyard manure (FYM) led to a two-fold increase in the growth and productivity of cabbage. The economic assessment also indicated that large-scale and sustainable recycling of toxic tea industry coal ash in agriculture is feasible. Hence, by integrating VCA-based nutrient management into agricultural practices, developing nations can take significant strides toward achieving circular economy objectives while addressing environmental challenges associated with CA disposal.

Intelligent data offloading learning model for autonomous vehicular networks

AbstractWhen individuals are accustomed to receiving information in automobiles, mobile data offloading is becoming more common. However, the effects of movement of the vehicle in correspondence to relative speed and direction between vehicles, have a significant impact on mobile data offloading. An innovative deep learning algorithm namely, intelligent deep neural network (IDNN) is proposed for vehicle data offloading and an optimal algorithm namely, quasi opposition based C‐hen swarm optimization (QOCSO) is proposed for efficient vehicle resource allocation. Initially, the vehicles in the vehicular networks are clustered with the help of the cosine similarity‐based K‐means algorithm for transmitting the data in an energy‐aware manner. Then cluster heads (CHs) are optimally selected for the generated clusters using Boltzmann selection probability‐based earth worm algorithm. The selected CHs are responsible for collecting the data from the cluster members and that is forwarded to the roadside unit. Then the suitable mobile edge servers are selected according to the IDNN algorithm that offloads the data from the CHs to the appropriate server. These received tasks of the vehicles could be stored as a blockchain for providing security to the vehicular network and finally, the resource allocation of the incoming tasks to the vehicles is performed using the QOCSO algorithm. Experiment findings reveal that both offloading and resource scheduling techniques outperform existing state‐of‐the‐art vehicular network algorithms.

Vermistabilization of mango tree pruning waste with five earthworm species: A biochemical and heavy metal assessment

Mango tree pruning results in high biomass output, which is a serious agricultural and environmental problem. Vermicomposting is a potential, fast and sustainable tool to address these challenges. For sixty days, the experiment was carried out in six vermireactors containing five earthworm species by Eudrilus eugeniae, Eisenia fetida, Aporrectodea rosea, Lumbricus rubellus, and Lampito mauritii, as well as composting (without earthworm) using mango tree pruning waste biomass along with cattle dung as an instant preferred feeding material for earthworms. The pH, TOC, C/N and C/P ratios of the waste were substantially reduced by the earthworm activity. However, after vermicomposting, the levels of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) and microbial count substantially increased. The TOC content of waste was reduced by 42–55%, and the C/N of vermicompost ranged from 5.58 to 11.38. The results showed that earthworm fecundity was highest in vermireactors containing Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida. The current study was ultimately determine that vermicomposting using Eudrilus eugeniae or Eisenia fetida is an effective strategy for utilising mango tree pruning waste, ensuring environmental sustainability and improving farmer revenue.

Vermitechnology: A Sustainable Approach to Manage Organic Waste in Urban Areas

Vermicomposting is the natural process of compost formation by converting organic wastes into organic fertiliser utilising earth worms and cow dung. It is being widely used for solid waste management. Many species of earthworms are utilised in this process such as Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, Eisenia andrei, Lampito rubellus and Drawida willis. They feed on the organic waste to produce vermicompost, vermiwash and more earthworms as resultant products. Composting process with this technique takes around 28-120 days and it depends upon the type of worms and organic waste used. Kirori Mal College of the University of Delhi is pioneer in adopting the vermicomposting on a large scale. It has put 15 beds in place in its nursery. This set of fifteen composting beds is able to utilise about 1.7 tons of dry leaves in a single cycle and converts them into very nutritious fertilizer. As we could run four such cycles in a year, the Kirori Mal College has the potential of consuming about seven tons of dry leaves annually and put it to a better use, which otherwise, would have been a responsibility of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi. Along with the vermicompost, the process also produces vermiwash, a concentrated liquid fertilizer, which is stored and is being utilized after dilution. The vermicomposting also leads to rapid multiplication of earthworms, which can be sold in the market and the spare ones can be utilised for the next cycle. Vermicomposting for the disposal of the dry organic waste is very cost effective and energy efficient.

A comparative study on the inhibitory effects imposed on earthworms by brewery and rice mill wastewater

Of late, vermifiltration (VF) technology has gained major attention from researchers as a sustainable wastewater treatment alternative in which the treatment of wastewater has been driven by earthworms (EWs). Apart from parametric effects, the composition, biodegradability/complexity, hydraulic and organic loading rates (HLR/OLR), and the concentration of organics present in wastewater exhibit inhibitory effects on EWs, declining the treatment efficiency of vermifilters (VFs), which have not been adequately explored. Hence, the present study dealt with the assessment of such inhibitory effects on the survival, growth, and reproduction of EWs using four kinds of wastewater. Results indicated that EWs sustained the flow of rice mill, real brewery, synthetic brewery, and the mixture of real brewery and domestic wastewater for 5–11, 11–21, 20–40, and 23–45 d, respectively, before reaching 50% mortality, at the HLR of 8–4 m3/m2-d. For each wastewater, the lowest HLR (4 m3/m2-d) yielded the highest growth of EWs. The mixture of real brewery and domestic wastewater provided the most favorable conditions for the reproduction of EWs, ensuring the highest number of cocoons (8–12 nos./EW) and juveniles (11–26 nos./EW) produced per EW, followed by synthetic brewery (cocoon: 3–9 nos./EW; juvenile: 5–18 nos./EW), real brewery (cocoon: 2–7 nos./EW; juvenile: 2–12 nos./EW), and rice mill wastewater (cocoon: 1–5 nos./EW; juvenile: 2–8 nos./EW), with the HLR varying inversely with the reproduction rate of EWs. Hence, the mixture of real brewery and domestic wastewater portrayed the least biological inhibition on EWs, whereas rice mill wastewater had the highest. Outcomes of the present study revealed that the VF technology is best suited for remediating the mixture of real brewery and domestic sewage, can substantially remediate synthetic brewery wastewater, and may treat real brewery and rice mill wastewater after an appropriate pretreatment. The premixing of real brewery wastewater with rapidly biodegradable and low-strength domestic sewage at a specific volumetric ratio improved the treatability of the former using the VF technology attributed to the enhanced biodegradability and reduced organic strength of the wastewater mix.

Nano zinc oxide induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, phagocytic alteration, and detoxification response in the coelomocytes of an anecic earthworm of India

Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP) is an emerging soil pollutant of industrial origin. The unique physicochemical properties of ZnO NP viz. the bioavailability and subsequent ecotoxicological effects on organisms have made it an ecological concern. Lampito mauritii (Kinberg, 1866) is a common anecic earthworm and is considered as a keystone species of soil ecosystems in India. They are continuously exposed to various environmental toxins during their feeding and other activities. The current study aimed to estimate the immunotoxicological effects of ZnO NP in the coelomocytes, the chief immunoeffector cells of L. mauritii. The results of the study indicated decreased total count, phagocytic activity, antioxidative, and detoxifying potential of the coelomocytes in L. mauritii at 7 and 14 days of exposure. ZnO NP exposure resulted in the generation of oxidative molecules, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage within coelomocytes. The higher degree of cytotoxicity on ZnO NP exposure was suggestive of immunocompromisation in L. mauritii. An integrated biomarker response (IBR) guided methodology was also utilized in estimating the comprehensive effects of ZnO NP on the health of L. mauritii. The present study would provide useful information on the ZnO NP induced chemical stress in L. mauritii, with the selected endpoints having the potential to function as markers for ZnO NP toxicity.

Cobalt, Chromium and lead heavy metals accumulation from animal dung, soil and rice grain through Vermic-activity by Lampito mauritii Kinberg

Heavy metals are a severe concern that causes a variety of health issues in both human beings and animals. They also have an impact on the variety of soil organisms and the ecosystem. The inoculation of earthworms in their natural environments can assist in monitoring heavy metal concentrations. The earthworm Lampito mauritii is a significant species for bioaccumulating highly toxic metals from soil and organic wastes for vermicomposting. This research aims to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals such as cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) found in various animal dungs, earthworm Lampito mauritii body tissues before and after vermicomposting, soil, and rice grains (Oryza sativa L.). Compared to the initial feed mixture of various animal dungs, it was found that the Co, Cr, and Pb heavy metal concentrations decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in the final vermicompost. When the soil was mixed with cow dung vermicompost that had been inoculated with the earthworm Lampito mauritii, the highest concentrations of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) were found to decrease by nearly 44.03% and 17.08%, respectively, while the maximum concentration of lead (Pb) was significantly reduced by 32.46% when the soil was mixed with goat dung. Heavy metal concentrations in rice grains were measured both before and after harvesting. When the soil was combined with goat dung vermicompost, the highest concentrations of Co, Cr, and Pb were found to decrease. Before and after crop harvesting, heavy metal concentrations were also investigated in the earthworm body in soil and soil with vermicompost of different animal dungs. When soil and cow dung were combined, the highest amount of cobalt (Co) was found to increase by 29.91% in the earthworm Lampito mauritii body, whereas the highest concentrations of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were found to increase by 18.05% and 30.22%, respectively, in the earthworm body when soil and buffalo dung were combined. For the protection of both the health of humans and the environment, vermicomposting and the utilization of Lampito mauritii are considered to be efficient methods for extracting these harmful metals from rice field soil.

Does starter medium improve epigeic earth worms growth and vermicompost qualities?

Does starter medium improve epigeic earth worms growth and vermicompost qualities?

Analysis of Organic Waste Decomposition and Quality of Organic Fertilizer Using Earth Worms and Black Soldier Fly (BSF)

Analysis of Organic Waste Decomposition and Quality of Organic Fertilizer Using Earth Worms and Black Soldier Fly (BSF)

In-silico analysis of Lysenin as potential anti-cancer agents targeting sphingomyelin in colon cancer

Colorectal cancer is a malignant neoplasm disease and is defined as a malignancy that occurs in the large intestine. In the world colon cancer ranks fourth meanwhile in Indonesia, colon cancer placed in the third rank after another cancer. The aim of this study is to find alternative way to help chemotherapy agent that already exist which is 5-FU for cure colon cancer. As already know 5-FU still lack of weakness so in this study hope that the sample that test in this study which is lysenin can be co-chemotherapy agent for colon cancer. Lysenin from coelomic fluid earth worm Lumbricus rubellus will bind with ligand sphingomyelin with docking method where the result will be new binding complex. After that the new complex will be test with hnRNP M4 membrane complex on colon cancer with docking method too and will see whether there’s binding affinity between lysenin sphingomyelin binding complexes with hnRNP M4.

Estimation of physico-chemical parameters of different combinations of buffalo dung with cane sugar bagasse by Vermic activity of earthworm Lampito mauritii

Overpopulation, pollution, industrialization, and urbanization are the main contributors to environmental deterioration and the production of solid waste. There are many ways to reduce the amount of organic waste that is disposed of in landfills. This covers vermicomposting, recycling, and composting of organic materials. With the aid of earthworms, vermicomposting is one of the most effective, affordable, and environmentally sustainable ways to turn organic wastes into high-quality manure. This study is aimed to investigate the physico-chemical alterations of sugarcane bagasse mixed with various combinations of buffalo dung following the processing of the earthworm Lampito mauritii. After vermic activity of Lampito mauritii, different combinations of sugarcane bagasse combined with buffalo dung showed a substantial decline in pH, EC, TOC, and C/N ratio and a significant rise in TKN, TK, TAP, and TCa when compared to the initial feed mixture. There was significant increase in total kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) 46.25% in SCB+BD (1:1), total avilable phosphorus (TAP) 52.63% in SCB+BD (2:1), total potassium (TK) 35.13% in SCB+BD (1:1), total calcium (TCa) 52 % in BD and significant decreased in C:N ratio 69.74% in SCB+BD (1:1), total organic carbon (TOC) 54.82% in BD, electrical conductivity (EC) 54.16% in BD of final vermicompost with respect to initial feed mixture. The pH of initial feed mixture in all the combination tends to decrease. According to the findings, Lampito mauritii speed up the mineralization process and transformed manures into castings with increased nutritional content. These composts are suitable for use in agricultural fields since they have a low C: N ratio and high nutritional content, which will improve crop output.