Early Intervention System Research Articles

A Preventive Conservation Suggestion in Monument Structures: Early Intervention System

Geçmişten günümüze miras kalan taşınmaz kültür varlıkları ilk yapıldığı günden bu güne çeşitli yıkımlara maruz kalmıştır. Bu yapıların ömrünü devam ettirmesi, gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması için bakım ve onarımının yapılması zorunluluktur. Fakat günümüzde bu onarımlar yapının tarihi, estetik ve özgün durumlarının yenilenmesi, tahrip edilmesi şekline dönüşmüştür. Tarihi yapıların onarıma ihtiyaç duymadan ön korunmalarının sağlanması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırma ile uluslararası alandaki önleyici koruma uygulamalarından yola çıkarak Türkiye için bir model geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Önleyici koruma, gelecekteki bozulmaları veya kültürel miras kaybını önlemek, en aza indirgemek için dolaylı önlemler ve eylemler kullanan disiplinler arası bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntem ile taşınmaz kültür varlıkları (anıtlar), kâr amacı olmayan kuruluş tarafından, periyodik olarak denetlenerek bozulma süreçlerine anında müdahale edebilecek, böylece daha büyük hasarların önlenmesi ve ek maliyetten kurtulma sağlanacaktır. Türkiye’de önleyici korumanın uygulanabilmesi adına üç aşamalı bir sistem tavsiye edilebilir: Birincisi hazırlık aşaması, anıtların mevcut durumlarının ayrıntılı olarak hasar tespit fişlerine işlenmesi, hasar meydana gelebilecek her bir yapı elemanının birden beşe kadar güvenlik seviyelerinin oluşturulması. İkincisi izleme aşaması, eserlerin hasar durumuna ve enderlik derecelerine göre izleme aralığı belirlenmesi, düzenli aralıklarla hasar durumlarındaki değişimlerin takip edilmesi. Üçüncüsü müdahale aşaması, tehlike seviyesi birinci derece olan yapı elamanları tespit edilerek anında müdahale sisteminin uygulanması şeklindedir.

A kora gyermekkori intervenció és fejlesztési lépései

A gyermekek, köztük a speciális támogatást igénylő gyermekek és családjaik a kora gyermekkori intervenció rendszerében kapják meg azokat az ellátásokat, szolgáltatásokat, amelyek sajátos szükségleteik alapján megilletik őket. A korai életszakaszban nyújtott prevenciós és intervenciós szolgáltatások kiemelt jelentőségűek a gyermek fejlődése és a társadalom jövője szempontjából. A kora gyermekkori intervenció elméleti kereteinek meghatározása, a nemzetközi trendek áttekintése, a hazai intézményrendszer felépítésének, az ágazatközi együttműködés jelen helyzetének leírása segíti az ellátórendszer fejlesztési lépéseinek áttekinthetőségét. A nemzetközi tapasztalatokra és a korábbi kutatási, fejlesztési eredményekre építve a kora gyermekkori intervenció ágazatközi fejlesztését célzó projekt az egységes, áttekinthető gyermekút kialakítását valósítja meg.

Applying the Developmental Systems Approach to Inclusive Community-Based Early Intervention Programs: Process and Practice.

A developmentally oriented framework is presented designed to establish or enhance the quality of inclusive community-based early intervention systems. This conceptually and empirically integrated developmental approach supports a comprehensive family-centered model. Outlined is a process that coordinates children's goals with family priorities, identifies developmental pathways most likely to influence those goals, guides the selection of objectives and intervention activities, and provides an approach for evaluation and problem solving. Principles of relationships, comprehensiveness, and continuity are central to this framework and address the general problem of "what to implement" in inclusive community-based early childhood programs.

A complementaridade de pais e de profissionais na avaliação em Intervenção Precoce

O estudo teve por objetivo analisar a convergência entre pais e profissionais relativamente à avaliação da área da interação social em crianças com TEA, entre 3 e 6 anos, apoiadas pelo sistema de intervenção precoce em Portugal. A metodologia é de natureza quantitativa correlacional e a amostra foi constituída por 128 crianças com TEA. Os resultados concluem que os pais avaliam mais positivamente, a dimensão da interação social, comparativamente com os profissionais; a variável idade influenciou a avaliação de pais e de profissionais, verificando-se uma relação positiva entre as competências e o avanço da idade das crianças; as variáveis formação inicial, anos de experiência dos profissionais no apoio a crianças com TEA, nível educacional e profissional dos pais não influenciaram os resultados ao nível da interação social. A investigação sugere a importância da intervenção precoce, priorizando as relações de colaboração entre pais e profissionais no processo de avaliação.

Metro Detroit MH advocates call for stronger safety net

While many efforts at the state, local and federal levels are underway to address mental health issues in Michigan, Metro Detroit professionals say more early intervention, coverage options and support systems are needed to create a stronger safety net, The Detroit News reported Feb. 19. The issues related to treating mental health cases across the region were the focus of a town hall hosted by U.S. Rep. Haley Stevens, a Democrat from Rochester Hills. The forum coincided with efforts statewide and across the country to address what some advocates are calling a crisis in mental health care. Among the initiatives launched to address mental health, Kevin Fischer told the audience about NAMI's “Ending the Silence” presentation that trains community members to learn about the warning signs of mental health conditions and what steps to take. Beaumont Health said in a news release in December that, with Universal Health Services, construction would begin in 2020 on a 150‐bed mental health hospital in Dearborn “to address the state's growing, unmet need for accessible, high‐quality and advanced mental health services” and said the mental health plans “extend beyond the walls of the new facility.”

Collaboration between early intervention and child welfare agencies: a survey of State Part C coordinators

ABSTRACT The 2003 reauthorization of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) mandated that state child welfare systems conduct developmental screening with all children under the age of three. Research indicates that states have struggled with this mandate. This 2014 study assessed how states chose to screen children for developmental delays or disabilities and refer them for early intervention services. Representatives from 47 State Part C Early Intervention Systems responded to a survey that asked about how screenings are conducted, degree of interagency collaboration, perceptions of current plans, and training. Results indicate inconsistency in developmental screening efforts, variability in state plans, funding, and training may all play a role in the inconsistency.

The collaboration between early childhood intervention and child protection systems: The perspectives of professionals

This qualitative study, conducted in Portugal, aimed to understand professionals' perspectives on the collaborative processes between the Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) and the Child Protection Systems. Participants in this study were 19 professionals from 7 Local Intervention Teams of the ECI system, including 8 professionals with coordinating roles. We conducted content analysis following semi-structured interviews. Participants described collaboration as the cooperation between professionals and services, aiming to improve intervention with children and families. Professionals argued that the main advantage of a collaborative relationship was the promotion of effective interventions. However, collaborative practices were mainly described as limited due to communication problems (e.g., insufficient, untimely). Finally, professionals suggested that limited time and resources were the greatest barriers to collaboration while close contacts and relationships among professionals were viewed as the main facilitators. Implications for practice and policy towards enhancing collaboration processes are discussed.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a police department’s early intervention system

Police departments around the country are implementing Early Intervention Systems (EIS) to identify officers who may be exhibiting problematic or unprofessional behaviors. The goal of EIS is to minimize officer misconduct and increase officer accountability. To evaluate whether EIS can actually differentiate “problem” from “non-problem” officers, we analyzed the performance of officers from incident reports of police–citizen interactions. Using a blind scoring method, we evaluated performance from 1000 police reports; 500 randomly selected reports from EIS-flagged officers (treatment group) and 500 randomly selected reports from non-flagged officers (control group). Six hundred and sixty-seven reports contained relevant performance data. The interval-level metrics used to score officer performance were developed by Vila and colleagues (2016, 2018) to assess performance—expressed as a percentage—across a range of police–citizen encounters. The overall performance score assigned to officers across all 667 incident reports was 80.46% (SD = 8.75%). When separated into EIS-flagged and non-EIS–flagged incidents, performance scores were 80.63% (SD = 8.58%) compared to 80.27% (SD = 8.95). There was not a statistically significant difference between EIS-flagged and non-EIS–flagged performance. The EIS evaluated does not appear to be differentiating between problem behavior and non-problem behavior. This suggests that the “thresholds” used to identify problem officers are not working effectively.

Moving beyond “Best Practice”: Experiences in Police Reform and a Call for Evidence to Reduce Officer-Involved Shootings

In post-Ferguson America, police departments are being challenged to implement evidence-based changes in policies and training to reduce fatal police-citizen encounters. Of the litany of recommendations believed to reduce police shootings, five have garnered widespread support: body-worn cameras, de-escalation training, implicit bias training, early intervention systems, and civilian oversight. These highly endorsed interventions, however, are not supported by a strong body of empirical evidence that demonstrates their effectiveness. Guided by the available research on evidence-based policing and informed by the firsthand experience of one of the authors in implementing departmental reforms that followed the fatal shooting of a civilian by an officer, this article highlights promising reform strategies and opportunities to build the evidence base for effective use-of-force reforms. We call upon police executives to engage in evidence-based policing by scientifically testing interventions, and we call on academics to engage in rapid research responses for critical issues in policing.

Need for Screening and early Hearing Detection and Intervention System (EHDI) in a Neonatal ICU setup

Need for Screening and early Hearing Detection and Intervention System (EHDI) in a Neonatal ICU setup

Innovative approaches to training professionals working with young children with disabilities

The article is devoted to the topical issues of vocational training of experts working with young children with disabilities. The necessity of discussion of the issue is based on the expansion of the age limits of correction influence and the creation of a system of early intervention for families raising children with disorders. According to that, the issue of training highly qualified professionals has become vital both for the system of special education and for those who need professional assistance.

Intelligent comprehensive Occupational health monitoring system for mine workers

The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive occupational health monitoring system which provides the current state of the occupational health for mine workers. The hearing threshold shift and dust exposure of each individual mine worker is monitored using this system. The data obtained from the system is transmitted via Internet of Things to storage which may be cloud or a server. The novelty of this model lies in its dual ability to monitor both Noise Induced Hearing Loss and Pneumoconiousis which is caused by inhalation of dust particles. The output of this dual system is further processed using Machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. Recommendations are then provided to the mine worker with regards to their state of health. This system forms part of an early intervention system in the mines. The model was validated using real data from a Platinum mine in South Africa. Future improvement to this work would entail refinement of the current preliminary implementation plan and carrying out the first phase of the implementation.

Participation of Children between Three and Five Years Old at Home and in the Community Setting

Abstract The main goal of the present study was to document the participation of preschool children at home and in the community setting, describing the differences between eligible children with support of Special Education Service and/or of the Early Intervention System and noneligible children, in three main dimensions: child functioning, child participation and perceived environmental barriers. Data about child functioning was collected through preschool teachers and about participation and barriers through parents. Sociodemographic data was also collected. Forty preschool teachers and 116 children (and their parents) participated in this study. Forty-two children were eligible and had support from Special Education Service and/or of the Early Intervention System. The results showed that eligible children have lower levels of functionality, participate less frequently and are less involved in the activities at home and in the community setting and that their parents perceive more environmental barriers in both settings. The results were analysed considering the Biopsychosocial Model.

Evaluating a screening and support system for early intervention in Wales

The concept of early screening and response to intervention has been recognised as key to success in literacy. In this article, an implementation model, which combined a published screening test with a free open access short‐term intervention, was piloted and evaluated over several years. Significant improvements in risk levels for literacy difficulties were identified following a series of 12‐week interventions for 1 hour weekly, split into three small group sessions. In phase 1a, 54% of 224 children were no longer ‘at risk’, and in Phase 1b, 51% of 151 children were no longer ‘at risk’, with evidence for transfer to reading over time. In phase 2a, the approach included whole class screening, (670 children, 25% risk at pre‐test reduced to ‘no‐risk’ in 17.4%). In Phase 2b, targeted support was provided for 306 children in reception, year 1 and year 2. After the intervention, 57% of these children were no longer ‘at‐risk’, with reception children making greatest progress. The model has successfully impacted on greater awareness of ALN and approaches to intervention in the teachers involved. Interviews with users indicated a high level of satisfaction and the approach has been recommended for wider application, following further research.

Congenital or Early Acquired Deafness: An Overview of the Portuguese Situation, from Diagnosis to Follow-Up

Congenital deafness or early acquired deafness affects 1 to 3 out of 1000 newborns without risk factors and 20 to 40 out of 1000 newborns with risk factors. The universal newborn hearing screening enables its early identification. Children with congenital deafness/early acquired deafness have a higher prevalence of other conditions, especially ophthalmologic and neurodevelopmental ones, and at least 30% to 40% have at least one associated comorbidity. We carried out a cross-sectional, multicenter study in which 83% (n = 30) of the hospitals/maternity hospitals of the National Health Service participated. All surveyed hospitals/maternity hospitals routinely performed universal newborn hearing screening to all newborns before discharge; 63% referred children with risk factors for hearing loss to Otorhinolaryngology. All children with congenital deafness/early acquired deafness are referred to: Pediatrics in 23% hospitals/maternity hospitals. In 23 hospitals/maternity hospitals, all children with congenital deafness/early acquired deafness are referred to: Speech Therapy in 44% hospitals/ maternity hospitals; Ophthalmology in 17% hospitals/maternity hospitals; National System of Early Intervention in Childhood in 30% hospitals/maternity hospitals; 22% of hospitals/maternity hospitals refer all children with congenital deafness/early acquired deafness, with no identified cause, to Clinical Genetics clinics. The number of diagnoses of deafness in the years 2014 and 2015 was 2.5 and 1.5 per 1000 newborns, respectively, in 15 hospitals/maternity hospitals. Awareness of universal newborn hearing screening seems to be widely spread in the National Health Service. The number of children with SC / SPA, as well as the percentage of different types of deafness diagnosed, were identical to those found in other studies and shows its importance. The assessment / follow-up of these children by specialties other than the otolaryngology was heterogeneous in different health entities and revealed that not all children with risk factors for deafness follow up advised by existing standards. Results show that Portugal made an important path in the screening and follow-up of children with SC / SPA. It is important, with the ultimate aim of continually improving the care of these children, to reflect on the involvement of specialties other than otolaryngology, such as the National Early Childhood Intervention System in the follow-up of these children.

Empowering the Exclusionary Rule: Using suppression motion data to improve police searches and searches in the United States

The Exclusionary Rule (i.e. a U.S. Supreme Court created rule that bars evidence, obtained in violation of a defendant’s constitutional rights, from being used by the prosecution at trial) remains a highly controversial measure, with questionable ability to deter unreasonable searches and seizures. In fact, many decades since its enactment, allegations of unconstitutional stops, searches, and seizures continue to plague police departments across the United States. Examining these allegations is a critical step toward assessing police compliance with constitutional mandates and developing needed corrective measures. Content analyses of suppression motions (brought by criminal defendants to exclude incriminating evidence from trial based on allegations of unconstitutional police action) and hearings, conducted in an urban U.S. city, demonstrate how these data provide unique information from multiple perspectives (e.g. defense, prosecution, court, lay and police witnesses)—involving pretexual stops, defendant targeting, and over-reaching searches—that may be used to develop police training protocols, support early intervention systems, and improve local patterns of officer behavior. In this way, data generated by the Exclusionary Rule may not only empower the rule to achieve its intended purpose of enforcing constitutional protections in the United States, but also provide a framework of police accountability (by demonstrating the utility of court data) that may improve police searches and seizures in other countries.

Experience of providing early intervention services in the municipal health institution

The Government of Ukraine has approved a plan of measures for the implementation of the pilot project "Creating a system of early intervention services to ensure the development of the child, preserve his health and life" for 2019-2021. The pilot regions implementing the early intervention service include ten regions of Ukraine, including the Odessa region. The main goal of piloting the project is to create and develop an early intervention system for children with disabilities or the risk of disability and their families, to improve the quality of early intervention services, to reduce the level of disability of children in Ukraine and to prevent their institutionalization at an early age. The purpose is to consider, on the example of a municipal non-profit enterprise of urban subordination, a mechanism for implementing early intervention services in Odessa. The materials of the research are the principles of financing of the health care system of the city of Odessa and the work of local medical institutions in the conditions of reforming the medical industry; methods are description, analysis, synthesis, generalization, graphic design. The article provides an example of funding services for the public at the expense of both national and local budgets, as well as mechanisms for coordinating services for children with disabilities or the risk of disability and their families.

Multi-component professional development for early interventionists.

Normal 0 false false false BS-LATN-BA JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Times New Roman,serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} An evaluation was conducted of the Partnering for Success: Foundational Institute offered through the Early Intervention Training Program at the University of Illinois, the state-funded professional development provider for Part C. The evaluation examined facilitators and barriers to changes in participants’ practices in working with families in the early intervention system. Data were also gathered on the efficacy of the training components used during the 4-day, multi-component linked series. Participants reported that teaming and collaboration were effective facilitators for change, and administrative issues served as barriers to change. Participants also reported that group discussions and videos were the most effective components that assisted in changing practices.

Strengths and Challenges of Service Coordination in Eight States

A survey was distributed in 8 states to learn about perceived strengths and challenges of service coordination from those working in early intervention (EI) programs under Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Survey responses from 769 service coordinators and other EI personnel in 8 states provide an overview of state systems and the implementation of service coordination activities within these state EI systems. Respondents suggested that service coordinators experience the following needs: (1) balancing the workload by reducing the number of families served per service coordinator and decreasing the amount of paperwork; (2) improved compensation and funding; and (3) better and more frequent training opportunities. Findings from this survey were analyzed and used by representatives from participating states to determine state and national action plans for improving the professional development and identity of service coordinators, with the goal of prioritizing support for this important part of the early childhood intervention workforce.

A State System Framework for High-Quality Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education

The Early Childhood Technical Assistance Center used a rigorous 2-year collaborative process to develop, test, and revise a conceptual framework for high-quality state early intervention (EI) and early childhood special education (ECSE) systems. The framework identifies six critical components of a state system and what constitutes quality in each component. This new conceptual framework addresses the critical need to articulate what constitutes quality in state EI and ECSE systems. The framework and companion self-assessment are designed for state leaders to use in their efforts to evaluate and improve state systems to implement more effective services for infants and young children with disabilities and their families. This article describes the contents of the framework and the processes used to ensure that the framework incorporated current research, was relevant to all states, and was useful for systems improvement.