Early Elimination Research Articles

MODERN METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF THE CITY DEVELOPMENT

There has been substantiated the necessity of using modern methods of socio-economic and marketing analysis of city development in order to make effective strategic decisions. The sequence of conducting the SWOT analysis of an area is generalized. It is proved that the analysis of the area development involves, first and foremost, the search for territorial identity and uniqueness. A modern toolkit for conducting a SWOT analysis of an area is offered, which is an analysis of internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats and also justification of the most effective strategies for the area development. It is stated that SWOT-analysis is a necessary element of research, a mandatory preliminary step while drawing up strategic and marketing plans of any level. The data obtained in the result of the analysis serve as the basis for the development of strategic goals and objectives of the area. SWOT analysis enables to assess whether the area has the internal strengths and resources to realize its capabilities and counter threats, and which internal weaknesses require an early elimination. Creating a map of anchors - zones of gravity helps to justify the points of growth when developing strategic decisions. The example of the town of Lutsk shows the objects and territories that can attract potential customer - consumers and encourage the interest in visiting Lutsk increasing the consumer flow. In order to study the strengths and weaknesses of the area in-depth, the real estate market was analyzed and residential real estate was broken down into spatial development categories in Lutsk. There are four categories of local territories in the town: developing, moderately prosperous, moderately depressed, and depressed There has also been carried out a SWOT analysis of the mutual impact of opportunities and threats on the environment and the strengths and weaknesses of Lutsk. The analysis is presented in the form of tables. The factors are ranked by their importance and the final results of the analysis are formulated in the form of sound strategic decisions. It is emphasized that under the current stage of development in Ukraine it is advisable to take into account the available resource potential, uniqueness and competitive advantages of a city/town to overcome weaknesses and threats when determining the optimal development strategy and making effective project decisions. Keywords: strategic approach, city, center of gravity, SWOT analysis, spatial development.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Early recognition, treatment, and elimination of potentially modifiable risk factors for HF are crucial for improving both survival and health-related life quality in those with HF. We aimed to investigate whether or not there is an association between olfactory function and the presence and severity of ischemic HF. The study included 40 patients with ischemic HF and 40 controls with coronary artery disease but without HF. All patients and controls underwent detailed physical and echocardiographic examinations. The Sniffin' Stick test was used to evaluate olfactory function. Threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) score was significantly lower in the patients with HF than in the controls (16.4 ± 7.8 vs. 33.3 ± 5.2, p < 0.001). When patients with ischemic HF were categorized according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, the TDI scores were significantly higher in the patients with NYHA class 1 HF compared to those with NYHA class 3 HF (23.4 ± 0.9 vs. 8.8 ± 7.0, p < 0.001). We also found a significant negative correlation between the TDI score and NYHA class (r = -0.769, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between the TDI score and left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.902, p < 0.001). Olfactory function was severely impaired in the patients with ischemic HF in this study. In addition, olfactory dysfunction in the patients with ischemic HF was significantly correlated with the severity of HF.

POEAM – A Method for the Part Orientation Evaluation for Additive Manufacturing

In the industrial application of additive manufacturing processes, a significant amount of time and resources are dedicated to the orientation and pre-print setup of the geometry. Steps such as the generation of support structures and the process simulation are among the most time-consuming. For the thorough assessment of an orientation of a given geometry, even more criteria, like print time or surface quality, need to be considered. POEAM proposes a method for an efficient assessment of a set of orientations, by means of well formulated criteria and an early elimination of insufficient orientations. The goal is to narrow the search field, so costly preparation steps will only be performed on orientations that promise a superior end result. Furthermore, POEAM is an automated process, which means it can be performed with minimal human interaction, resulting in an optimum regarding cost-efficiency and evaluation time. The method was applied to a representative geometry and has shown results that confirm the above-mentioned advantages.

К ВОПРОСУ ДЕТАЛИЗАЦИИ КЛАССИФИКАЦИЙ ВРОЖДЕННОЙ РАСЩЕЛИНЫ ВЕРХНЕЙ ГУБЫ И НЕБА

Subject. Congenital cleft of the upper lip and palate is one of the most common malformations of the maxillofacial region which percentage is 86-88 %. This defect causes a complex set of anatomical and functional changes in the structures of the face and palate, it negatively affects the development of the child's body, therefore, it requires competent definition and extensive professional knowledge on its systematization and early elimination.&#x0D; The purpose of research — study of the incidence of asymmetric cleft lip and palate on children and complement the clinical and anatomical classification of clefts options asymmetry of the affected tissues.&#x0D; Methodology. There was carried out a retrospective statistical analysis of case histories of 687 patients with congenital cleft of the upper lip and / or palate, who received treatment on the basis of State Autonomic Health Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region Multiprofile Clinical Medical Center «Bonum» for the period 2015—2019 with the determination of the variety of types of lesions.&#x0D; Results. Asymmetry of the affected tissues occurred in 8.59 % of cases of the total number of children (687 patients) who was born with maxillofacial pathology of the upper lip and palate which required clarification of the clinical anatomical classification and the choice of individual treatment tactics. A clinical and anatomical classification that takes into account asymmetric clefts of the upper lip and palate was proposed.&#x0D; Conclusions. The allocation of asymmetric clefts of the upper lip and palate into certain groups of lesions and an assessment of their frequency made it possible to present a classification of this type of defect, which expanded the idea of the variety of anomalies of the maxillofacial region. The classification we proposed takes into account in more detail the clinical features of the congenital cleft of the upper lip and palate and, thus, more fully meets the clinical requirements and international standards, which allowed us to develop new methods of surgical treatment of congenital cleft of the upper lip and palate, as well as to build management tactics for such patients together with other specialists.

Mild acute cellular rejection and development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy assessed by intravascular ultrasound and coronary angiography in heart transplant recipients-a SCHEDULE trial substudy.

To evaluate the association between mild acute cellular rejection (ACR) and the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) after heart transplantation (HTx). Substudy of the SCHEDULE trial (n=115), where de novo HTx recipients were randomized to (i) everolimus with early CNI elimination or (ii) CNI-based immunosuppression. Seventy-six patients (66%) were included based on matched intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examinations at baseline and year 3 post-HTx. Biopsy-proven ACR within year 1 post-HTx was recorded and graded (1R, 2R, 3R). Development of CAV was assessed by IVUS and coronary angiography at year 3 post-HTx. Median age was 53years (45-61), and 71% were male. ACR was recorded in 67%, and patients were grouped by rejection profile: no ACR (33%), only 1R (42%), and ≥2R (25%). Median ∆MIT (maximal intimal thickness)BL-3Y was not significantly different between groups (P=0.84). The incidence of CAV was 49% by IVUS and 26% by coronary angiography with no significant differences between groups. No correlation was found between number of 1R and ∆MITBL-3Y (r=-0.025, P=0.83). The number of 1R was not a significant predictor of ∆MITBL-3Y (P=0.58), and no significant interaction with treatment was found (P=0.98). The burden of mild ACR was not associated with CAV development.

An early fault elimination method of computerized numerical control machine tools

Early faults of product have plagued many machine tool companies, especially middle-small enterprises limited by capital. To eliminate the early faults and improve the reliability of computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools, we propose a systematic early fault elimination method based on the after-sale data (customer field data) of CNC machine tools. The proposed method includes four steps: fault data collection; a four-parameter non-homogenous Poisson process (NHPP) model; a mixed fault analysis method that is the combination of fault tree analysis (FTA) method and fault mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) method; and early fault elimination measures. The first step is the basis of the analysis. The second step is used to determine the early faults from the fault data. The third step is to analyze the early faults determined. Risk priority number (RPN) is calculated to assess the criticality of the fault causes determined by the FTA. The elimination measures are taken in the end. We apply our method to a machine tool company in China, and the results prove the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method.

AMPA receptor deletion in developing MGE-derived hippocampal interneurons causes a redistribution of excitatory synapses and attenuates postnatal network oscillatory activity

Inhibitory interneurons derived from the medial ganglionic eminence represent the largest cohort of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. In the CA1 hippocampus excitatory synapses onto these cells comprise GluA2-lacking, calcium-permeable AMPARs. Although synaptic transmission is not established until early in their postnatal life, AMPARs are expressed early in development, however their role is enigmatic. Using the Nkx2.1-cre mouse line we genetically deleted GluA1, GluA2, GluA3 selectively from MGE derived interneurons early in development. We observed that the number of MGE-derived interneurons was preserved in mature hippocampus despite early elimination of AMPARs, which resulted in >90% decrease in spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity. Of particular interest, excitatory synaptic sites were shifted from dendritic to somatic locations while maintaining a normal NMDAR content. The developmental switch of NMDARs from GluN2B-containing early in development to GluN2A-containing on maturation was similarly unperturbed despite the loss of AMPARs. Early network giant depolarizing potential oscillatory activity was compromised in early postnatal days as was both feedforward and feedback inhibition onto pyramidal neurons underscoring the importance of glutamatergic drive onto MGE-derived interneurons for hippocampal circuit function.

Nepoštenje u nauci

With the creation of a global computer network, the internet, all manner of information has become available to scientists and everyone else around the world. The exchange of information gives scientists insight into the most recent scientific discoveries while enabling them at the same time to use the information for their research. Scientists and experts must be sure that their colleagues' research is valid, objective and the results complete. These scientific research characteristics represent scientific honesty. Scientific misconduct can take various forms and can be present in all phases of the scientific research process, but most commonly takes the form of fabrication, falsification and plagiarism. The reasons for scientific misconduct can be personal, professional and financial. There is also a "grey zone", which consists of data manipulation and selection, reference citing mistakes, multiple and salami publications, problematic authorships. Every type of misconduct has a detrimental effect on the scientific community. In the public eye, scientists are benevolent seekers of truth with high moral integrity, whose work is of key value to society. Any type of scientific misconduct serves to dishonour the scientific community but also brings confusion into the work of other researchers, therefore significantly slowing down scientific discovery in whole. Digitalization and technological advancement significantly contribute to the early discovery, elimination and sanctioning of any kind of research misconduct. A significant improvement in solving these problems can be achieved through adequate education of young researchers and introducing laws that precisely define penalties for breaking the code of good scientific practice.

Фавипиравир как потенциальное средство противодействия при COVID-19

Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, an analogue of purine nucleosides, licensed as an anti-influenza drug in Japan. Like other analogs of nucleosides, favipiravir acts as a prodrug, and undergoes an intracellular phosphoribosylation to be an active form, favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate. The metabolite competitively inhibits the activity of RNA polymerase of RNA viruses and prevents virus replication by incorporating into the viral RNA, acting as a chain terminator. It possesses selective or virus-specific intracellular action and low cytotoxicity. Favipiravir inhibits viral RNA synthesis by terminating chain elongation, which re-duces the likelihood of mutations and the emergence of resistant virus strains. Favipiravir causes a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, which enhances the antiviral effect. Favipiravir demonstrated antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of RNA viruses, such as influenza A, B and C viruses, Ebola virus, Lassa virus, rabies, etc. In 2020, as part of screening testing of antiviral drugs, including favipiravir, it was shown in vitro antiviral activity against 2019-nCoV with better efficacy and selectivity compared to ribavirin. More than 10 clinical trials have been initiated to study the effectiveness of favipiravir for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. A fixed loading and maintenance dose of 3200/1200 mg and 3600/1600 mg was used. The results showed a better clinical effect with earlier elimination of coronavirus, regression of computed tomographic changes and the need for mechanical ventilation in the favipiravir treat-ment groups compared with lopinavir/ritonavir, Arbidol and other drugs. In a Russian phase II/III clinical study of efficacy and safety of favipiravir (Avifavir)(1600/600 mg or 1800/800 mg 2 times a day) vs standard treatment in patients with moderate COVID-19, favipiravir showed virus clearance within 4 days in 62,5% of patients, safety and good tolerance. Favipiravir is included in the Russian guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 and is the only approved oral med-ication for the treatment of moderate COVID-19 to date.

Activity-dependent death of transient Cajal-Retzius neurons is required for functional cortical wiring.

Programmed cell death and early activity contribute to the emergence of functional cortical circuits. While most neuronal populations are scaled-down by death, some subpopulations are entirely eliminated, raising the question of the importance of such demise for cortical wiring. Here, we addressed this issue by focusing on Cajal-Retzius neurons (CRs), key players in cortical development that are eliminated in postnatal mice in part via Bax-dependent apoptosis. Using Bax-conditional mutants and CR hyperpolarization, we show that the survival of electrically active subsets of CRs triggers an increase in both dendrite complexity and spine density of upper layer pyramidal neurons, leading to an excitation/inhibition imbalance. The survival of these CRs is induced by hyperpolarization, highlighting an interplay between early activity and neuronal elimination. Taken together, our study reveals a novel activity-dependent programmed cell death process required for the removal of transient immature neurons and the proper wiring of functional cortical circuits.

EarLy Elimination of Fatty Acids iN hypertriglyceridemia-induced acuTe pancreatitis (ELEFANT trial): Protocol of an open-label, multicenter, adaptive randomized clinical trial

IntroductionAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening inflammatory disease, with no specific pharmacological treatment. However, concerning some etiologies, early specific intervention (such as ERCP in biliary AP) has proven to be remarkably beneficial. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) induces severe pancreatic damage by several direct (cellular damage) and indirect (deterioration of microcirculation) mechanisms. Published data suggest that early removal of triglycerides (TGs) and toxic free fatty acids (FFAs) may be advantageous; however, high-quality evidence is still missing in the literature. MethodsDesign: ELEFANT is a randomized controlled, multicenter, international trial testing the concept that early elimination of TGs and FFAs from the blood is beneficial in HTG-AP. The study will be performed with the adaptive “drop-the-loser” design, which supports the possibility of dropping the inferior treatment arm, based on the results of the interim analysis. Patients with HTG-AP defined by TG level over 11.3 mmol/l (1000 mg/dL) are randomized into three groups: (A) patients who undergo plasmapheresis and receive aggressive fluid resuscitation; (B) patients who receive insulin and heparin treatment with aggressive fluid resuscitation; and (C) patients with aggressive fluid resuscitation. Please note that all intervention must be started within 48 h from the onset of abdominal pain. Exclusion criteria are designed logically to decrease the possibility of any distorting effects of other diseases. The composite primary endpoint will include both severity and mortality. ResultsOur null hypothesis is that early elimination of HTG and FFAs reduces the risk of mortality and severity of AP. Sample size calculation suggests that 495 patients will need to be enrolled in order to confirm or reject the hypothesis with a 10% dropout, 80% power and 95% significance level. The general safety and quality checks required for high-quality evidence will be adhered to. The study will be organized between February 2020 and December 2025. ConclusionOur study would provide the first direct evidence for or against early intervention in HTG-induced AP.

Role of Exercise Tolerance Test in the Screening of Suspected Myocardial Ischemia in Bangladeshi Patients

Background: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is preventable and reversible if early screening and elimination of the risk factors like life style modification and dietary intervention can be done. Exercise Tolerant Test (ETT) has become an important diagnostic tool to evaluate patient with suspected or known case of ischemic heart disease.&#x0D; Objective: To determine the frequency of IHD among subjects who presented with chest pain and to identify the common indications for ETT.&#x0D; Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study; the data was collected from ETT Unit of Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh using standard Bruce protocol.&#x0D; Result: Out of 200 patients, there were 124(61%) male and 78(39%) female who presented in the cardiology department for ETT. Common indications for ETT were evaluation of chest pain 180(90%), followed by general check-up 14(7%), post-PCI evaluations 4(2%) and post- CABG evaluation 2(1%).Presenting complaints were typical angina 12(6%), shortness of breath 56(28%), nonspecific chest pain 82(41%), chest compression 46(23%) and others 4(2%). Exercise ECG showed no ST changes in 138(69%) patients. The most common risk factors were hypertension, diabetes, smoking and obesity. Majority of the subjects 136(68%) were test negative whereas 42 (21%) were test positive and 22(11%) were test equivocal.&#x0D; Conclusions: It is concluded that most of the subjects presenting with the suspected symptoms of myocardial ischemia were negative for IHD, and so why we advocate the use of ETT as a screening tool in patients who presents with features simulating angina. This will prevent unnecessary hospital admission.&#x0D; Bangladesh Heart Journal 2019; 34(2) : 122-126

Ending TB in Australia: Organizational challenges for regional tuberculosis programs

The World Health Organization’s End TB Strategy aims to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) by 2050. Low-burden countries such as Australia are targeted for early elimination (2035), which will require an increase in the intensity and scope of case finding and treatment of people with latent TB infection (LTBI). Because 80 % of TB disease in Australia occurs in metropolitan Sydney (New South Wales) and Melbourne (Victoria), the commitment to move towards elimination has major implications for TB programs in these jurisdictions. We report on a case study analysis that compares and contrasts key attributes of each of these healthcare organizations. Such analysis has important implications for all countries seeking to implement international agreements within local health structures. Differences in the organizational structure, culture and systems of care in NSW and Victoria may facilitate or create barriers to changes in organizational system functions, especially the way in which TB prevention and LTBI treatment is delivered. Ratification of global health treaties and the development of national strategies, alone, is insufficient for realizing the promised outcomes. Even in high income countries, global health agendas such as TB elimination can be complicated by differences in local system structure and funding. As the timelines tighten towards 2035, more work must be done to identify the organizational conditions and service models that will facilitate progress towards TB elimination.

Seronegative hepatitis C virus infection in Polish blood donors-Virological characteristics of index donations and follow-up observations.

Nucleic acid testing (NAT) was implemented in Poland in 1999 for screening of plasma for fractionation and for all blood donors in 2002. To analyze seronegative NAT‐positive samples representing hepatitis C virus (HCV) window‐period (WP) in the years 2000 to 2016 and to determine infection outcome. We analyzed results of 17 502 739 donations screened in minipools (6‐48) or individually. Index samples underwent viral load (VL) quantification, genotyping and Ag, and anti‐HCV re‐testing using chemiluminescence (CMIA), electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA), and fourth‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (IV EIA) assays. HCV‐seronegative infections were identified in 126 donations (7.2/mln donations; 95% confidential intervals, 6.0‐8.6). Frequency of NAT yields was decreasing over time. Of the initial 126 seronegative index cases 106 were retested: 32.1% were reactive in IV EIA, 11.3% in ECLIA, and 1.9% in CMIA. The lowest VL correlated with absent anti‐HCV and HCV Ag, while VL was highest when the antigen was detectable and then it decreased when anti‐HCV appeared at a level detectable by sensitive third generation tests while retesting. The proportion of genotype 1 was 38.9% in samples positive only for HCV RNA and 71.4% in samples that were anti‐HCV reactive in re‐testing. In parallel, genotype 3 frequency was 50% in the former group and 21% in the latter. NAT is an effective measure to limit HCV transmission by transfusion and IV EIA seems to have higher clinical sensitivity than ECLIA. Samples representing likely successive phases of early HCV infection were characterized by different genotype distribution probably due to very early elimination of genotype 3.

ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE NUMBER OF VETERANS WHO ACCOMPLISHED IN THE INVENTORY

The need to address the issues of treatment and dispensary accounting for war veterans and combatants is one of the most pressing issues that has received considerable attention. Events that have taken place in the distant past and that have taken place in recent years in the east of our country before, excite everyone and compel our authorities and health care organizers to develop inpatient care, dispensary surveillance and rehabilitation programs for war veterans and combatants actions. The multifaceted delivery of medical assistance and dispensary to war veterans and combatants requires the effective functioning of this system as an independent area of clinical and social medicine.&#x0D; Military action is always accompanied by casualties and injuries to both military and civilians. Persons in poor health as a result of military action, which is expressed in restriction on military service or work, need to move first and foremost to establish a permanent disability. This is due to the fact that the disability structure identifies a group of causes, including people who have completely or partially lost their disability as a result of injury, injury or injury sustained during their military service.&#x0D; Surveys of war veterans and combatants take place in outpatient clinics and, under certain circumstances, may be carried out by a visiting team of specialists to the field (hospitals, rural dispensaries, FAPs, and veterans' homes). In health care facilities, veterans' examinations are carried out at their previous call. War veterans are inspected at home by a visiting team of specialists in cases where they live far away from health care facilities and because of their health, and cannot be examined.&#x0D; Introduction. The issue of inpatient treatment of combatants and war veterans is one of the topical issues that is receiving considerable attention and is being addressed by meetings of governmental committees and civic organizations. The main goal in addressing these issues is to restore the physical and mental health of participants in the hostilities, achieve social and psychological well-being, reduce the frequency and severity of the effects of mental traumas suffered in the form of acute stress reactions, prevention of disability, prevention of aggression and prevention of aggression.&#x0D; Dispensary observation is a complex of medical measures, which is based on active, constant monitoring of the state of human health, detection of diseases in the early stages, detailed research, study, and elimination of the causes of their occurrence, carrying out medical and health, sanitary, social and hygienic activities aimed at improving the environment, work and people's lifestyles. Fast and quality treatment, effective medical rehabilitation, dispensary observation can only be achieved with early onset, continuity, consistency, continuity and completeness of medical care for patients, individual approach and programming of rehabilitation, timely rehabilitation.

Chronic mechanical irritation (CMI) as the latest evolving oral carcinogen: A review

Traumatic oral lesions are a relatively common finding in dental practice which may be caused by acute and chronic trauma. Such repeated injury to the oral mucosa by deleterious agents is termed as chronic mechanical irritation (CMI). CMI could be precipitated by a combination of dental, prosthetic and functional factors which require early diagnosis and immediate elimination to ensure cure. Recent literature links chronic mucosal irritation to carcinogenesis. This review potentiates the role of chronic mucosal irritation (CMI) in development of cancer. Keywords: Chronic trauma, Etiological factor, Oral cancer, Oral carcinogenesis.

P1532Asymptomatic structural heart disease in individuals without apparent cardiovascular risk factors An unnoticed potential precursor stage of heart failure. Results from the STAAB cohort study

Abstract Background and aim Prevention of heart failure (HF) relies on early identification and elimination of cardiovascular risk factors. ACC/AHA guidelines define consecutive asymptomatic precursor stages of HF, i.e. stage A (with risk factors for HF), and stage B (asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction). We aimed to identify frequency and characteristics of individuals at risk for HF, i.e. stage A and B, in the general population. Methods The prospective Characteristics and Course of Heart Failure Stages A-B and Determinants of Progression (STAAB) cohort study phenotyped a representative sample of 5000 residents (aged 30–79 y) of a medium sized German town, reporting no previous HF diagnosis. Echocardiography was highly quality-controlled. We applied these definitions: HF stage A: ≥1 risk factor for HF (hypertension, arteriosclerotic disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome), but no structural heart disease (SHD); HF stage B: asymptomatic but SHD [reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV hypertrophy, LV dilation, stenosis or grade 2/3 regurgitation of aortic/mitral valve, grade 2/3 diastolic dysfunction], or prior myocardial infarction; Normal (N): no risk factor and no SHD. We focused on subjects in stage B without apparent cardiovascular risk factors qualifying for A (B-not-A) compared to those with risk factors (BA) and N. The first half of the sample (n=2473) served as derivation set (D), the second half (n=2434) as validation set (V). Results We found 42% (D)/45% (V) of subjects in stage A, and 18% (D)/17% (V) in stage B. Among stage B subjects, 31% (D)/29% (V) were B-not-A. Compared to BA, B-not-A subjects were younger [47 vs. 63 y (D)/50 vs 63 years (V); both p&lt;0.001] and more often female [78% vs 56% (D)/79% vs 62% (V); both p&lt;0.001], had higher LV ejection fraction [59% vs 56% (D)/53% vs 48% (V); both p&lt;0.05], lower E/e' [6.7 vs 9.9 (D)/6.9 vs. 9.3 (V); both p&lt;0.001], higher LV volume [64 vs 59 mL/m2 (D)/54 vs 48 mL/m2 (V); both p≤0.01], lower hemoglobin [13.3 vs 13.9 g/dL (D, p=0.02)/13.4 vs 13.8 g/dL (V, p=0.08); both adjusted for sex], and lower QTc interval [423 vs 433 ms (D)/427 vs 438 ms (V); both p≤0.001). Compared to N, subjects in B-not-A were more often female [78% vs 56% (D)/79% vs 61% (V); both p&lt;0.001], had larger QTc interval [423 vs 418 ms (D)/427 vs 420 ms (V); both p&lt;0.05], and more often anemia [11% vs 5% (D, p=0.02)/9% vs 5% (V, p=0.12)]. Conclusions We confirmed, by extensive internal validation, the presence of a hitherto undescribed group of individuals with relevant myocardial alterations, but lacking respective risk factors. Since algorithms in primary prevention do not include echocardiography, this subgroup might be missed. Further investigations should 1) externally validate our finding, 2) study the prognostic course of subjects in group B-not-A, and 3) elaborate the material differences between B-not-A and N to identify potential further novel risk factors for HF. Acknowledgement/Funding German Ministry of Research and Education within the Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre Würzburg (BMBF 01EO1004 and 01EO1504)

Уровень доверия в организации как фактор повышения эффективности внедрения новых технологий менеджмента

Improving the competitiveness of Russian enterprises is impossible without the introduction of advanced production and management technologies. The article attempts to study the practice of introducing new management technologies in a number of domestic enterprises, to establish the level of eff ectiveness of this process and to formulate the main problems that prevent companies to implement this process as effi ciently as possible. One of the important problems of eff ective implementation of these technologies is the low level of organizational trust of the company’s employees to its management. This state of aff airs signifi cantly aff ects the eff ectiveness of both implementation procedures and the practice of using new management technologies in the daily activities of domestic enterprises. The early elimination of contradictions between the company’s management and its employees is the way to solve the problem of increasing the level of organizational trust. The article presents the results of a study of the level of trust in one of the major Russian companies. The use of the method of assessing the level of trust allowed to identify the causes of the difficulties encountered in the organization and to develop ways to increase the level of trust in the organization.

PREDICTORS OF FORMATION OF EARLY COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AND B WITH DELTA AGENT WITH RESULTS IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Liver cirrhosis (LC) should be considered as a severe, progressive disease with systemic manifestations. Early detection and elimination of risk factors for the development of LC complications are essential for improving the quality of life of patients. In order to study the clinical aspects of the initial stages of LC, we examined 207 patients with LC HBV and HDV etiology. The study of the characteristics of the initial manifestations of LC is necessary to identify predictors of the development of severe complications and prevent disability of patients.

PREDICTORS OF FORMATION OF EARLY COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AND B WITH DELTA AGENT WITH RESULTS IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Liver cirrhosis (LC) should be considered as a severe, progressive disease with systemic manifestations. Early detection and elimination of risk factors for the development of LC complications are essential for improving the quality of life of patients. In order to study the clinical aspects of the initial stages of LC, we examined 207 patients with LC HBV and HDV etiology. The study of the characteristics of the initial manifestations of LC is necessary to identify predictors of the development of severe complications and prevent disability of patients.