EAEU Countries Research Articles

Extra-Regional Influence on the Development of Economic Integration in the ASEAN Region

This study discusses the extra-regional influence and scenarios for the development of regional integration of the countries of the Association of States Southeast Asia (ASEAN), in particular, the role of the future free trade agreement between the EAEU and Indonesia in maintaining the effect of convergence in Southeast Asia (Southeast Asia) in the horizon of 2025.Aim. To Determine the main trends in the development of extra-regional influence and forecasts for regional economic convergence in ASEAN countries by 2025.Tasks. Determine the trends and perspective scenarios for the development of the integration of the countries of Southeast Asia.Methods. Both the descriptive method and the system analysis method are used. Also, this study uses the approaches of the Eurasian Development Bank to assess the disproportion in the level of development of the ASEAN countries (macroeconomic indicators; in the analysis of time series of GDP, GDP per capita for ASEAN countries, the Box-Jenkins methodology (ARIMA) is used. The key concept in this study is convergence. Convergence is seen as the process of approaching a certain level or decreasing the difference between two values over time [7]; real convergence contributes to the convergence of the economic level of countries within an integrated group (differences in the economic levels of development of countries hinder the process of integration). The effect of real economic convergence for ASEAN countries in the future 2025 can take on different meanings depending on the implementation of the initiatives proposed by non-regional actors (for example, Indo-Pacific Economic Structure and FTA between the EAEU and Indonesia).Results. The results of the study present four probability-ranked scenarios for the development of regional economic convergence in the ASEAN countries. It has been established that the most likely scenario is one in which the initiative of the EAEU and the Republic of Indonesia will take place, while the Indo-Pacific Economic Structure proposed by the United States will not be implemented by 2025. In this case, regional economic convergence in the ASEAN countries may take on the most favorable meaning.Conclusions. Along with the global trend, the expansion of economic integration through the creation of free trade zones with other integration associations, the development of economic integration in the region is influenced by the rivalry between the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America. Looking forward to the mid-second half of the 2020s. years as a result, the adoption of a free trade agreement between the EAEU countries and the Republic of Indonesia will have a positive impact on the increase in the pace of regional economic convergence in Southeast Asia.

The role of road freight transport in ensuring international trade of the EAEU countries

Regionalization and digitalization are significant factors in the development of international transport, including road transport. Liberalization of mutual trade, creation of a single customs territory and gradual elimination of non-tariff barriers within integration unions have generally led to an increase in the speed of international movement of goods. Today the EAEU is the most advanced integration project in the post-Soviet space. Transport as an area of Eurasian integration occupies a special place in the integration process due to the spatial characteristics of the association and its transit potential. It is expected that the common transport space (CTS) will be created without exceptions and limitations by 2025. Trade relations of EAEU member states are provided by all modes of transport (including pipeline transport, but this study focuses only on long-distance modes of transport). In terms of countries, road transport plays the largest role in transport support of foreign trade in the Kyrgyz Republic, and the smallest role in the Russian Federation, where other modes of transport are more involved, mainly sea and rail transport. At the same time, the Russian and Kazakh segments account for more than 95 % of the freight transportations of the EAEU countries carried out by road transport, which determined the relevance of the research topic. This investigation presents the role of road transport in ensuring the international transport of goods of the EAEU countries. The results of the study, aimed at determining the role of road transport in the provision of international freight transportation of EAEU countries, were obtained through an empirical analysis of the road transport industry. The analysis identified the key features of the development of this segment in the EAEU countries. In turn, the assessment of the place of road transport in ensuring foreign trade of EAEU countries was carried out on the basis of two quantitative indicators of transport as an industry - the volume of freight traffic and cargo turnover.

Main Directions of Sustainable Development in Education

Objective: One of the important vectors of the strategic development of the EAEU countries (Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union) is the construction of a digital economy and digital education - the formation of a common market for educational services with norms that level the competitiveness of countries in the field of education, aimed at improving the quality of human capital. It should be noted that education was not included in the service sectors for which the EAEU common market is being formed. Only in relation to the common labor market, the EAEU countries agreed on the mutual recognition of documents on education without going through the procedure for recognizing diplomas (with the exception of papers on education in pedagogical, legal, medical, and pharmaceutical profiles), as well as on the right to receive education by children from families working in the country (Articles 97 and 98 of the Treaty on the EAEU). But five years before the creation of the EAEU, on December 11, 2009, the EAEU countries signed an agreement on cooperation in the field of education, according to which the parties «carry out coordinated measures to consistently expand the EAEU aimed at creating a common educational space». Research in the field of concerted action of the member countries of the EAEU, as a rule, is located in the area of higher education, and we do not find research in the field of general education in the public domain. Theoretical framework: This study aims to identify the main directions of sustainable development in education in modern conditions. The choice of the topic is due to the importance of understanding the differences in the potential for digitalization of school education in the post-Soviet republics within the framework of the Eurasian Union and the hypothetical request of the Azerbaijani and Russian education systems to develop a resource matrix for the digital educational environment, as signaled by the roadmaps of the National Projects of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation in the field of education and economy in general. Method: To compare the preparedness of schools in different countries for the digitalization of education for subsequent testing in the educational system of Azerbaijan, an analysis of the state of affairs was carried out according to the criteria: (1) material and technical equipment; (2) preparedness of teaching staff; (3) opportunities for the formation of a digital educational environment and an analysis of digital practices in the projects of schools in the EAEU member countries. The logic of the empirical part includes identifying the respondents' ideas about the possibilities of digitalizing school education in the EAEU countries. The result of the practical part will be the formed matrix of the «potential of school digitalization» in the context of the EAEU countries. Results: The effect of the global digitalization of general education, triggered by the pandemic (COVID 19), is the reason for the emergence of research interest in the problem in the EAEU countries and the comparison of approaches and processes that accompany the phenomenon of digitalization of education. Moreover, advanced practices in digitalizing education have been identified among these countries, which can become the basis for further sustainable development. Originality/value: The digitalization of education is a multifaceted phenomenon covering all human activity spheres. A phenomenon that needs to be comprehended, developed, and actively applied in practice is its consequences and advanced learning technologies to fit into the new, emerging digital world system. With a broad interpretation of the concept of «digitalization of education», it can be noted that the authors are unanimous that digitalization forms an educational environment that ensures the «delivery» of information to participants in the educational process using digital technologies and tools (software + multimedia equipment).

Регулирование вопросов финансирования «зеленых» проектов в странах ЕАЭС

The article is devoted to the problem of regulation of issues of sustainable development, transition to a low-carbon economy and financing of "green" projects in the states of the Eurasian Economic Union. The level of implementation of the EAEU member countries in the global "green" agenda, as well as the model taxonomy of the EAEU and taxonomy, is analyzed. Specific problems that need to be addressed at the state and inter-state levels in order to form common approaches and proposed practices in the field of financing "green" projects with the EAEU countries.

Problems of ensuring economic security of multilevel logistics systems

Safety is one of the most important indicators of the quality of the logistics system functioning. This article presents the developed tree of goals for ensuring the economic security of multilevel logistics systems in industry and transport; a list of indicators of the economic security of macro-logistics systems of the EAEU countries is proposed.

Finance in Russia and the world: Сonceptual aspects

The modern digital economy requires “new finance”. The subject of the study is to clarify their content, and the goal is to develop the author’s view of the term of “finance”. The relevance of the topic is dictated by the need to analyze complex theoretical questions of technological transformation of financial markets and activities of financial intermediaries. The scientific novelty consists of the theoretical contribution of the theory of finance evolution in the digital era. The main research methods are systemic and logical approaches, the method of theoretical cognition, the historical method and the method of scientific abstraction. The results of the study are clarification the essence of finance and applied issues of their use in Russia and abroad. It will contribute to the development of a scientific doctrine of digital assets circulation; will allow to refine the model of the activities of financial intermediaries’ regulation in our country and lay the foundation for the formation of global norms and rules for the development of national and international financial markets of the CIS, the EAEU, the SCO, and BRICS countries. The conclusions of the study are: a) confirmation of the author’s position on the essence of finance. The paper indicates that, in the context of the economy’s digital revolution, the substance of economic categories stays constant, although their forms vary according to innovation, behavioral characteristics, and other factors; b) without rejecting the rational knowledge formed in the Western scientific school, the authors emphasize that the social sciences cannot be global, they have a national character; c) based on the investigation, the author defines “finance” as a distribution category in the development and utilization of financial resources.

Usage of the European Union experience in ensuring food security of Kazakhstan’s population

The article examines the European Union experience in ensuring food security of the population. Food security is a topical issue for any country, as it is the basis for the provision of quality foods of the population. The study of various aspects of food security is therefore of interest to both scientific community and the general public. The aim of the research is to study the experience of the European Union countries in ensuring food security for the population of Kazakhstan, to identify trends in agricultural production of the European Union and Kazakhstan, as well as ways to solve this problem both in Kazakhstan and in the EAEU countries. A sufficiently detailed analysis has been conducted of the factors that ensure food security in the country. It is proved that in recent years there is an intensification of a competitive struggle at Eurasian Economic Union level. Practical significance of the work consists in specific recommendations of enhancing the food security of Kazakhstan. The main method of the research is the method of materialist dialectic, with other methods applied, in particular the method of comparative statistical data analysis, the method of historical and logical analysis, in the formation of government programmes in the agricultural policies of Kazakhstan and the European Union countries. In addition, the method of retrospective analysis was applied to the tables, which revealed certain trends in food security in Kazakhstan, as well as the dynamics of trade relations

Regulation of reinsurance activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Reinsurance is important for ensuring the financial stability of the country’s insurance market, which determines the need for sufficiently strict legal control over this segment of the insurance market. The purpose of this article is a critical understanding of modern legislation governing the development of reinsurance activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the identification of those norms and requirements that significantly affect the development of the reinsurance market in the country. The results of the study showed that restrictive reinsurance measures, tested by world insurance practice, are applied in the country. The author made an attempt to identify the specifics of regulatory norms in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which impede cooperation in the field of reinsurance with the international community. Attention is drawn to the established high entry barriers for the participation of non-resident reinsurers in the reinsurance market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which involves the purchase of reinsurance coverage mainly from leading foreign reinsurers. In order to expand the reinsurance capacity and reduce the cost of reinsurance, the author proposes to use the internal reserves of the national insurance market, as well as alternative reinsurance markets, one of which can be considered a single reinsurance space within the integration association of the EAEU countries. In this regard, it is necessary to harmonize the laws of these countries, especially in terms of determining the financial stability of insurance companies and assessing the solvency of reinsurers. The results of the study can be used to bring the legal regulation of reinsurance activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan in line with international practice.

Industrial Policy in the EAEU Countries: Challenges and Solutions for Kazakhstan in the Competition and Intellectual Property Law

The paper describes and examines the industrial policies of the Eurasian Economic Union member states. It shows the need to adjust the traditional type of industrial policy of the Eurasian Economic Union countries, which relies on leading industries. The purpose of this article is to identify the main challenges for the industrial policy in Kazakhstan, taking into account its participation in the EAEU and the risks associated with distortion of competition as a result of hostile mergers and acquisitions, and to propose solutions intended to ensure a balance between competition protection and industrial policy. The paper’s objectives are to review the problems arising at the intersection of trade, innovation, and intellectual property in the EAEU countries and to develop recommendations for industrial and innovation policy. The article considers two main issues in accordance with the purpose: the industrial policy problems in the EAEU countries; the use of intellectual property and competition law for the development and protection of innovations. It is shown that the industrial policy of Kazakhstan and other EAEU countries remains insufficiently effective and has a contradictory nature. Since 2000, the economic complexity index decreased in most EAEU countries, the intensity of industrialization remained low, and the share of medium and high-tech manufacturing diminished. There is a need to adjust the traditional type of industrial policy, to exclude selective advantages to specific firms, to focus on industry-wide industrial policy, the insufficient experience of EAEU member states in counteracting hostile and murderous takeovers, the complexity of innovation development system, protection of competition within the integration.

Problems of protecting social security rights in countries Eurasian Economic Union: individual aspects

The entry of an employee into an employment relationship and the exercise of labor activity is associated with the acquisition by the employee of insurance and work experience, including special work experience, the acquisition of which then becomes the basis for the emergence of social security rights, in particular, the right to a pension, an allowance, social assistance, social services. Citizens of the Russian Federation work in the post-Soviet countries, in particular, in the Republic of Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, or Kyrgyzstan, which are members of the Eurasian Economic Union, an international organization of regional economic integration with international legal personality. The study of the problems of the application of the norms of social security legislation of both the Union and national jurisdictional bodies of the EAEU countries in the process of resolving social security disputes, allows us to identify conflicts, defects of this legislation, raise the question of optimizing laws, both on at the level of an international organization, as well as the legislation of the states that are members of this organization.

Мемлекеттік-жекешелік әріптестікті құқықтық реттеу

Қоғамдық инфрақұрылымды дамыту өз кезегінде жеке бизнес пен мемлекеттің өзара іс-қимылының әртүрлі нысандарын пайдалануды талап етеді. Осындай нысандардың қатарына мемлекеттік-жекешелік әріптестік кіреді. Мемлекеттік-жекешелік әріптестік инвестицияларды тарту, бюджеттік ресурстарды үнемдеу, бәсекелестік пен кәсіпкерлік белсенділікті ынталандыру сияқты оң нәтижелер беріп, көптеген дамыған мемлекеттерде сәтті қолданылуына байланысты, оның реттелуі елдің нормативтік құқықтық актілерінде де өз орнын тапқан. Мәселен, қазақстандық мемлекеттік-жекешелік әріптестік орталығының келтірген ақпаратына сәйкес, тек білім саласында ғана 2020 жылдың 1 маусымына дейін 786 мемлекеттік-жекешелік әріптестіктік шарты жасалған. Бұл жасалған барлық шарттың 56 пайызын құрайды. Мақаланың мақсаты — мемлекеттік-жекешелік әріптестіктің әртүрлі құқықтық нысандарын нормативтік-құқықтық реттеудің ерекшеліктерін талдау. Мақалада авторлар жарияжекешелік әріптестікті құқықтық реттеу қағидаларының мазмұнын жан-жақты зерттеген, тұжырымдаған және мәнісін ашқан. Аталған мәселе бойынша ғылыми әдебиеттерде бар ұстанымдар талданып, олардың осы мәселе төңірегіндегі жаңаша ойлары қарастырылған. Халықаралық ұйымдардың, сонымен қатар экономикасы өзара тығыз байланысқан ЕАЭО елдерінің нормативтік құқықтық актілері талданған. Мемлекеттік-жекешелік әріптестік институтының мәнін білдіретін бастапқы қағидаттар, ережелер сияқты қағидалар құқықтық реттеудің біркелкілігін қамтамасыз ету үшін заңнамалық тұрғыдан бекітілуі керек екендігі дәлелденді. Жүргізілген жұмыстардың нәтижесінде құқықтық реттелу тетіктері ашылып, басқа елдердің тәжірибелерімен салыстырылып, артықшылықтары мен кемшіліктері ашылған.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NON-TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES ON EAEU IMPORTS

The relevance of the article is due to the need to adapt the foreign trade of the EAEU to the conditions of sanctions restrictions on the part of western countries, reorientation and diversification of the foreign trade flows of the EAEU, including with the use of non-tariff regulation tools. Purpose: to assess the impact of NTMs on EAEU imports in order to develop recommendations for the development of a non-tariff regulation mechanism. The change in the role of NTMs in international trade policy is substantiated. The replacement of tariffs by measures of non-tariff regulation as the main instrument of protectionist policy is conditioned. The dynamics and structure of the development of NTMs for the period from 2015 to 2021 are analyzed, including the distribution of NTMs by product groups and countries. World trends and problems in the field of assessing the effects of non-tariff regulation, as well as problems specific to the EAEU, are outlined. The methodology for assessing the impact of NTMs on imports has been substantiated and tested, taking into account the specifics of the EAEU. An econometric model is proposed to identify the impact of individual non-tariff regulation measures applied by the EAEU countries in relation to imports from third countries.

Study of the Financial Crisis in the Countries of the Eurasian Economic Union: Marxist Approach

The financial crisis is a serious problem for the Eurasian economic union development as international organization (hereinafter referred to as the EAEU), where is violated the economic and financial institutions’ functioning principle, the values, traditions and norms are lost. It is considered that one of the main crisis causes are the interstate economic policy of the EAEU member countries failures. The article proposes the ways to restore the EAEU countries’ economies from the crisis consequences, which periodization falls on 2015–2018, 2020–2022, that negatively affects on the single currency area they are creating, and examines potential economic and political threats during its formation. It is revealed that if the crisis inflicts damage on some EAEU members, then for other union members it will become a favorable deriving benefits environment, which will lead to inequality and even greater exacerbation. This paper shows that the Marxist crisis theory is the most acceptable approach in explaining economic inequalities and disproportions in the countries development. This approach led to the conclusion that the expansion of the Russian ruble circulation, the profits and capital accumulation, the formation of a new EAEU financial system based on the principles of capitalism and neoliberal values will lead to another crisis turn and increase inequality.

Multicultural agricultural economy: current trends and experience of state regulation of agriculture in the EAEU countries

Multicultural agricultural economy: current trends and experience of state regulation of agriculture in the EAEU countries

METHODOLOGY FOR STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RESILENCE INDEX OF TERRITORIES

The article develops a methodology for statistical assessment of the resilience index of territories, a distinctive feature of which is the design of a consolidated assessment as a synthesis of blocks of adapted indicators of the Global Resilience Index, which made it possible for the first time to obtain summary and block estimates of economic resilience in Belarus, as well as to rank the EAEU countries in terms of economic resilience among 27 countries of Europe and Central Asia.

The Financial Component of the Economic Security of the Countries of the Eurasian Economic Union

Relevance. The deepening of integration processes within the EEU requires new approaches to managing economic security. The economic interdependence of the EEU countries no longer allows ignoring each other's problems. The unstable state of one economy negatively affects others and the whole Union. Financial security, as part of economic security, is determined by the directions of budget policy and the degree of budget execution.The purpose of the study is to assess the financial security of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union, which is part of their economic security.Objectives: to substantiate the need to assess the financial security of the EEU countries; analyze the execution of the consolidated budget of the EEU countries; assess the income and expenditure of the consolidated budget of the EEU countries; to identify problematic points in the implementation of the budgetary policy of the EEU countries.Methodology. In the course of the research, such scientific methods as the empirical method, comparative analysis, vertical and horizontal analysis, induction and deduction methods, the method of a systematic approach, as well as other methods allowing for a comprehensive study were used. The materials of the study were data from the EAIS, the Federal Customs Service of Russia, as well as Rosstat of Russia.Results. It is revealed that the EAEU countries have significant differences in budget policy. The analysis showed that the most financially weak countries are Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. The most balanced budget is in Belarus, and the most socially oriented is in Russia. Due to the unfavorable environment, Armenia spends a significant part of its expenditures on defense, which affects its development.Conclusions. The EEU countries need to stabilize the immediate environment of the association, and the second stage, to form an optimal model structure of the revenue and expenditure parts of the budget, which will ensure the comprehensive financial security of the association. The unification of the budget policy will have a positive impact on the development of the association and its members. A single budget policy will create a territory in which fiscal payments will be unified, and the vectors for the development of the national economies of the Union will be coordinated.

Harmonization of the strategic priorities of bordering regions based on the strategy of «smart» specialization

The most important direction of cross-border cooperation of the EAEU countries is the development and use of tools to reduce the lack of knowledge of the Unions regions about each others potential in the field of industrial and scientific-technological development, identify the interconnectedness of regions and stimulate the development of interregional projects. In this respect, another major integration grouping of countries the European Union has already gained sufficient experience in developing strategies for cross-border and interregional cooperation to enhance the capacity of research and innovation, as well as the harmonization of strategic priorities of territorial development, where the European smart specialization is used as a methodological basis. The purpose of this article is to develop methodological principles of smart specialization in the implementation of cross-border cooperation based on the experience of the EU and other countries, proposals for their use in the development and implementation of programs and projects of cross-border cooperation of the regions of the Russian Federation. The authors have identified that the specificity of harmonization of strategic priorities of bordering regions is based on the identification of regional priorities from internal point of view and their subsequent interregional harmonization in two dimensions: 1) an innovative one, involving the formation of a cross-border regional innovation system; and 2) a socio-economic one, based on the potential of the border situation when forming a strategy for the socio-economic development of bordering territories. The conditions for the harmonization of strategic priorities of bordering regions are: 1) common problems, goals and objectives in the field of innovation, sustainable and digital development; 2) strengths and key competencies of participants of cross-border regions; 3) interested parties such as: territorial authorities, HEIs and research organizations, business, only if they have motivation in solving the identified problems.

On the parameters of economic development in the EAEU until 2035

The article analyzes the state of the economy of the EAEU countries and suggests measures to implement the opening opportunities in response to the "wave" of growth of a new technological way of life. The EAEU states need a powerful impetus to renew the basic potential in order to concentrate the available resources on priority areas of modernization and economic development. Its organization consists in increasing the savings rate from the current 18–20% of GDP to 35–40% of GDP, focusing investments on breakthrough areas of growth of a new technological way of life and modernization of the economy based on it. The source of financing for these investments may be a targeted credit issue organized by monetary authorities in accordance with centralized priorities.

Энергосбережение и повышение энергетической эффективности: баланс государственного надзора и саморегулирования

The article presents an analysis of the theory and practice of state regulation and market selfregulation in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency improvement, their evolution and balance changes, the periodization of the development of domestic legislation and control, analysis of the practice of implementing control and supervisory measures in Russia and the Volgograd region. The current trend in the field of energy saving and energy efficiency improvement is characterized by a shift in priority from state supervision and administrative regulation to digital monitoring and market self-regulation, in which appropriate measures can achieve the set goals faster and at a lower cost. The coverage of the self-regulation processes of the entire business community, rather than its individual representatives, will not only ensure more reliable and high-quality fulfillment of contractual obligations but also increase the competitiveness of the domestic energy sector as a whole. The tasks of self-regulatory organizations in the energy sector may include participation in the development of a regulatory framework, information support, consulting in the field of personnel training, and voluntary agreements in the field of ecodesign. It is revealed that in Russia and the EAEU countries, there is a significant potential for energy saving and energy efficiency improvement through the formation and development of a largely self-regulating ecodesign system for energy-consuming goods.

The Current Issues of Trade Cooperation Between the EAEU and China

INTRODUCTION. The EAEU, as a subject of international law, undergoes a process of integration cooperation with states. Interaction of the EAEU with countries is characterized by a variety of forms and despite the fact that it relies on the legal experience of most international organizations, nevertheless it chooses its own exclusive way. One example of a fruitful partnership, although not unambiguous on some issues, is the cooperation between the EAEU and the PRC. The purpose of this article is to trace the realization of the economic potential of the EAEU and the PRC to create the Silk Road Economic Belt as part of the PRC's global initiative "One Belt, One Road. In addition, to analyze the interlinking of expectations and economic reasons for this of each of the EAEU member states.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research uses various documents of international legal nature, including international treaties, doctrinal sources and national legislation of foreign countries. The research is carried out with the use of general scientific and special scientific methods. In the process of legal analysis and forecasting methods of legal modeling were used.RESEARCH RESULTS. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the international legal framework of economic cooperation between the EAEU and the PRC and also formulates recommendations for improving this mechanism. The overland economic corridors and their correlation with the opportunities of EAEU member states within the framework of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative are analyzed in detail, as well as the results of each EAEU country's participation in this project. In addition, the initiatives of China, the so-called "Digital Silk Road" and the interest of EAEU member states in this direction are considered. In addition, the author conducts a legal examination of the basic agreements signed between the EAEU and the PRC.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The study of the problems and prospects of cooperation between the EAEU and its member countries allows us to note the systematic nature of the EAEU's activities in the field of integration interaction with third countries. At the same time, the variety of forms of cooperation allows the EAEU to respond flexibly to the level of readiness of one or another country to simplify trade procedures. The author concludes that, structurally, the process of pairing the EAEU and the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) occurs both as an interlinking of integration initiatives' development agendas and as cooperation with individual EAEU countries. The article emphasizes the inefficiency of a bilateral format of the EAEU member states' accession to the SREB initiative. Considering the legal basis for cooperation between the EAEU and the PRC, the author notes a consistent algorithm of joint actions at the current stage of integration. Nevertheless, for the future it is necessary to develop other formats of international cooperation, which would not be geographically contingent, but would ensure effective coordination between different economic blocs of states, including those at different stages (forms) of integration. We should note the topicality of the digital agenda of mutually beneficial cooperation for both the PRC and the EAEU countries on a long-term basis.