Dynamics Of Universe Research Articles

Universal coherent atom-molecule oscillations in the dynamics of the unitary Bose gas near a narrow Feshbach resonance

Quench experiments on a unitary Bose gas around a broad Feshbach resonance have led to the discovery of universal dynamics. This universality manifests in the measured atomic momentum distributions, where, asymptotically, a quasiequilibrated metastable state is found in which both the momentum distribution and the timescales are determined by the particle density. In this Letter we present counterpart studies for the case of a very narrow Feshbach resonance of Cs133 atoms with a width of 8.3 mG. In dramatic contrast to the behavior reported earlier, a rapid quench of an atomic condensate to unitarity is observed to ultimately lead to coherent oscillations involving dynamically produced condensed and noncondensed molecules and atoms. The same characteristic frequency, determined by the Feshbach coupling, is observed in all types of particles. To understand these quench dynamics and how these different particle species are created, we develop a beyond Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov dynamical framework including a type of cross-correlation between atoms and molecules. This leads to quantitative consistency with the measured frequency. Our results, which can be applied to the general class of bosonic superfluids associated with narrow Feshbach resonances, establish a alternate paradigm for universal dynamics dominated by quantum many-body interactions. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Annealing dynamics of regular rotor networks: Universality and its breakdown

The spin-vector Monte Carlo model is widely used as a benchmark for the classicality of quantum annealers but severely restricts the time evolution. The spin-vector Langevin (SVL) model has been proposed and tested as an alternative, closely reproducing the real-time dynamics of physical quantum annealers such as D-Wave machines in the dissipative regime. We investigate the SVL annealing dynamics of classical O(2) rotors on regular graphs, identifying universal features in the nonequilibrium dynamics when changing the range of interactions and the topology of the graph. Regular graphs with low connectance or edge density exhibit universal scaling dynamics consistent with the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, which leads to a power-law dependence of the density of defects and the residual energy as a function of the annealing time. As the interaction range is increased, the power-law scaling is suppressed, and an exponential scaling with the annealing time sets in. Our results establish a universal breakdown of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in classical systems characterized by long-range interactions, in sharp contrast with previous findings in the quantum domain. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Designing open quantum systems with known steady states: Davies generators and beyond

We provide a systematic framework for constructing generic models of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics with a target stationary (mixed) state. Our framework identifies (almost) all combinations of Hamiltonian and dissipative dynamics that relax to a steady state of interest, generalizing the Davies’ generator for dissipative relaxation at finite temperature to nonequilibrium dynamics targeting arbitrary stationary states. We focus on Gibbs states of stabilizer Hamiltonians, identifying local Lindbladians compatible therewith by constraining the rates of dissipative and unitary processes. Moreover, given terms in the Lindbladian not compatible with the target state, our formalism identifies the operations – including syndrome measurements and local feedback – one must apply to correct these errors. Our methods also reveal new models of quantum dynamics: for example, we provide a “measurement-induced phase transition” in which measurable two-point functions exhibit critical (power-law) scaling with distance at a critical ratio of the transverse field and rate of measurement and feedback. Time-reversal symmetry – defined naturally within our formalism – can be broken both in effectively classical and intrinsically quantum ways. Our framework provides a systematic starting point for exploring the landscape of dynamical universality classes in open quantum systems, as well as identifying new protocols for quantum error correction.

A Neo-Aristotelian Approach to a Unified Theory of Physics

Abstract The core task of this paper is to demonstrate the heuristic merits of the Aristotelian philosophy of science as compared with the strict empiricism in constructing and justifying a unified theory of physics. The impetus for the study was the question of whether the success of the Dynamic Universe (DU) theory as a candidate for such a unification could be explained by energy as its basic notion (Suntola, T. 2018a, 2018b, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024), while the other unificatory attempts (string theories, inflation theory, and loop quantum gravity), all based on the notion of force, appear to fail. DU’s reliance on Aristotle’s methodology of first principles and his potentiality-actuality metaphysics soon invited to explore DU’s Aristotelian presuppositions as an explanatory ground for its seeming success. A major weakness of empiricism is its rejection of metaphysical reflection, necessary for the revolutionary paradigm change in the unification project. While the empiricist negative stand towards metaphysics is based on its narrow conception of basis of knowledge and logical reasoning and the principle of methodological unity, Aristotelian solutions to these problems are difficult to refute. The Stagirite’s methodology of Saving the Appearances (SA), little known outside Aristotle scholarship, exposes ways of expanding the knowledge basis to make room for metaphysical knowledge. SA is valuable to our purposes here also by yielding a heuristic model for the discovery and justification of a unified theory of physics. Aristotle’s argument for the reality of potentiality in the form of an inference from a fact of life to its necessary presuppositions illustrates how to expand the empiricist premises-conclusion notion of logic. To specify the object of physics, the Aristotelian genus-species structure of reality exposes that the definition of the genus proximum constitutes the highest first principle of a theory. Applying Aristotle’s metaphysical notions of change and motion (dunamis, substance–attribute, matter-form), the genus proximum in DU turns out to be mass as prime substance, mass defined as the substance for the expression of energy. To conclude, I shall point to the need for modifying the Aristotelian metaphysical categories to allow room for the holism in DU. Having studied the heuristic principles underlying the DU theory, the paper contributes both to the emerging studies of the Meta-Empirical argument forms in physics and the recent Neo-Aristotelian approach in the philosophy of physics.

Evaluation of Theories and Methodologies: Relativistic Physics vs. the Dynamic Universe — With Remarks from Physics and Reality 2024 and Cosmology on Small Scales 2024 Conferences

Abstract In the classical ideal, a physical theory provides understandable dynamic explanations and yields novel predictions of phenomena. Relativistic Physics (RP), namely the special and general theories of relativity and relativistic cosmology, does not meet the classical ideal. This discrepancy has been addressed by transforming the classical ideal into a ‘relativistic methodology’, where it is accepted that nature is not fully understandable, predictions are prioritized over dynamic explanations, new phenomena may be accommodated in an orderly fashion with the aid of additional hypotheses, and anomalous data may be disregarded. Relativistic methodology and the enduring confidence in RP stem from tradition, where physicists who have learned to conceptualize reality through RP see it as the only alternative. The greatest 20th-century philosophers of science —Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend— have taught us that to fully understand a theory’s weaknesses, it must be juxtaposed with an alternate theory, and that its replacement requires a superior theory. Here, RP is confronted with Tuomo Suntola’s Dynamic Universe (DU). Suntola claims that DU matches or surpasses RP’s predictive accuracy for several central phenomena from the terrestrial to the largest cosmological scales, while adhering to the classical ideal and cohering with quantum mechanics. If this claim withstands scrutiny, DU deserves further attention from physicists, philosophers and funding institutions.

Beyond wave-particle dualism: How Suntola’s mass-wave concept unites physics and metaphysics

Abstract The article evaluates the significance of Tuomo Suntola’s Dynamic Universe (DU) theory from physical, metaphysical, and cultural perspectives. It demonstrates how Suntola’s concept of the mass wave, derived by removing the speed of light from Planck’s constant, resolves the wave-particle dualism, enabling a better understanding of quantum phenomena and the nature of reality. Within DU, the Newtonian mechanical and deterministic clockwork world is replaced by a dynamic and self-organizing entity that develops completely according to law, but not deterministically. This unified formalism encompasses phenomena dealt with by relativity theory, cosmology, and quantum physics, providing a comprehensive world-view where events can be described objectively in an immutable 4-dimensional coordinate system. Such a scientific revolution, replacing abstract and unintuitive standard theories with an entire world-view, allows for a deeper understanding of reality and our place within it. The restoration of a comprehensible overall map could improve the quality of human performance in both environmental matters and personal lives.

Alternative cosmologies

Abstract A few remarkable examples of alternative cosmological theories are shown, ranging from a compilation of variations on the Standard Model (inhomogeneous universe, Cold Big Bang, varying physical constants or gravity law, zero-active mass, Milne cosmology, cyclical models), through the more distant quasi-steady-state cosmology, plasma cosmology, or universe models as a hypersphere such as the Dynamic Universe, to the most exotic cases including static models with non-cosmological redshifts of galaxies. Most cosmologists do not usually work within the framework of alternative cosmologies very different from the standard one because they feel that these are not at present as competitive as the standard model. It is true that they are not so developed, but that is because cosmologists do not work on them. This vicious circle is to a great extent due to a sociological phenomenon known as the “snowball effect”, in which resources are distributed to the most successful theory at a given time; the effect acts as a potential in a field that attracts cosmologists, causing funds, research positions, prestige, telescope time, publication in top journals, citations, conferences, and other resources to be dedicated almost exclusively to standard cosmology.

Infrared measurements of the JWST suggest that our dynamic universe is spatially closed

Abstract Global geometry and shape of the physical universe may be revealed by observing objects at large cosmological redshift z, since for small z the universe seems almost flat. Recent infrared measurements of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) indicate that there exist very luminous galaxies at distances z ≥ 13 that should not exist according to the standard ΛCDM cosmological model for the flat universe with curvature index k = 0. We introduce a spacetime-lens principle that could explain why these very distant galaxies shine so much. We show that the observed large flux luminosities may be mere optical effects due to the positive curvature index k = 1 of an expanding 3-sphere modeling our physical universe in time. For Euclidean or hyperbolic geometries such large flux luminosities seem implausible. This suggests that the right model of a homogeneous and isotropic physical universe for each fixed time instant is a 3-sphere. The standard cosmological model is based on the normalized Friedmann equation ΩM + ΩΛ + Ω k = 1, where ΩM + ΩΛ = 1 by measurements. We also show that this does not imply that Ω k = 0 and k = 0 as it is often claimed.

Dual gravitational wave signatures of instant preheating

In the instant preheating scenario efficient particle production occurs immediately following the period of inflationary expansion in the early Universe. We demonstrate that instant preheating predicts unique gravitational wave (GW) signals arising from two distinct origins. One source is the bremsstrahlung GWs produced through the decay of superheavy particles, an inevitable consequence of instant preheating. The other is GWs generated from the nonlinear dynamics of the inflaton and coupled scalar fields. Using numerical simulations, we show that the peak of the GW spectrum shifts depending on the coupling constants of the theory. The detection of these dual GW signatures, characteristic of instant preheating, provides novel opportunities for probing the dynamics of the early Universe.

The Dynamic Universe

Abstract We are accustomed to thinking that the relativity of observations results from variations in time and distance, as taught by the theory of relativity. This theory is built on kinematics and metrics. Historically, this observer-centered approach was natural due to the lack of a deeper understanding of physics and space. The Dynamic Universe theory offers a different perspective. It incorporates our current understanding of space and the physics underlying atomic processes. In this framework, relativity can be understood as a direct consequence of the conservation of total energy and the connection between the local and the whole. DU uses time and distance as universal coordinate quantities, essential for human comprehension. DU describes space as a spherically closed entity, specifically a 3-dimensional surface of a 4-dimensional sphere (often called a “3-sphere” in mathematics). In this model, the energies of gravitation and motion are in balance, which links the speed of light and the rest energy of matter to the expansion of space. As a result, the locally available rest energy and the rate of physical processes become functions of the state of motion and gravitation. DU offers a framework that unifies relativity and quantum phenomena. It provides precise predictions for observations ranging from microsystems to cosmology, along with a comprehensible picture of the universe as a whole.

Cosmological dynamics of FRW universe in presence of tachyonic field

Cosmological dynamics of FRW universe in presence of tachyonic field

UNIVERSAL DYNAMICS: A THEORY OF EVERYTHING WITHOUT INVENTING ANYTHING

This paper seeks to reconcile the constructal law with thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and general relativity. Reconciling the constructal law with the more established laws of thermodynamics, we constitute a more complete and universal model of dynamics capable of explaining emergent and evolving design configurations observable throughout nature. Presented is a theory of universal dynamics, in which a core set of known universal laws can explain the universe's evolution through space, time, and all its emergent properties.

Self-similar and universal dynamics in drainage of mobile soap films

Self-similar and universal dynamics in drainage of mobile soap films

Universal dynamics of a passive particle driven by Brownian motion

Universal dynamics of a passive particle driven by Brownian motion

Dynamical Equation Of Cosmology

The general theory of relativity's outcome, the Friedmann equation, captures the universe's dynamics in cosmological terms. This equation provides a geometrical description of the expansion of the cosmos based on the concepts of field theory. The Friedmann equation states that the vacuum energy density, the curvature of space, the density of matter and energy, and the cosmological constant all have an effect on the Hubble parameter, which represents the rate of expansion of the universe. The outcome of the universe's expansion, standstill, or contraction, as shown by this equation, is highly dependent on these factors. Here we have a direct connection between theoretical physics and observable cosmological phenomena like galaxy redshifts and the cosmic microwave background, made possible by the simplification of complex relativistic equations to this form by representing the universe abstractly as a homogeneous and isotropic entity. We may grasp the history, present, and possible future of the universe within a quantitative scientific framework, and the Friedmann equation emphasizes the interaction of matter, energy, and geometry in cosmic development

Insights into gravitinos abundance, cosmic strings and stochastic gravitational wave background

In this paper, we investigate D-term inflation within the framework of supergravity, employing the minimal Kähler potential. Following previous studies that revealed that this model can overcome the η-problem found in F-term models, we explore reheating dynamics and gravitino production, emphasizing the interplay between reheating temperature, spectral index, and gravitino abundance. Our analysis indicates that gravitino production is sensitive to the equation of state during reheating, affecting the reheating temperature and subsequent dark matter relic density. Furthermore, we analyze gravitational waves generated by cosmic strings, providing critical constraints on early Universe dynamics and cosmic string properties, the energy scales of both inflation and string formation influence the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) generated by these cosmic strings.

A numerical solution of Schrödinger equation for the dynamics of early universe

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have attained widespread success across varied disciplines. This study is designated for looking into an application of an integrated intelligent computing paradigm concerning dynamics in the early Universe through numerical solutions to the Schrödinger equation. To arrive at this we leverage the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation networks (LMBNs) to probe cosmic evolution in the early Universe with the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric for a flat minisuperspace model of the Universe in the background. This leads to bridging quantum mechanics and inflationary Universe dynamics conducing to quantum cosmology within the standard model. Wheeler–DeWitt equation corresponds to the time-independent Schrödinger equation obtained from the equations of motion for a single scalar field in flat spacetime with FLRW metric. Utilizing the ntstool the whole computing process is operated for simulation. To evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme a comparative analysis is carried out. To construct continuous neural network mappings we employ the explicit Runge–Kutta method as the target parameter for generating datasets. To determine the solution datasets of different scenarios, the training, testing, and validation processes are employed to take advantage of these in the learning of neural network models established upon the backpropagation technique of Levenberg–Marquardt. By varying related parameters we develop three scenarios that produce nine cases, three for each. The data plots of performance, training state, error histogram, regression, time-series response, and error autocorrelation represent the visualization of the results. These plots show a complete case description by displaying all the necessary data values. The analysis of these plots is presented to validate all the cases. Performing the analysis by mean square error (MSE) validates the achieved accuracy of the results by validating and verifying neural networks. This work is motivated by the compelling need to develop innovative computational methods for solving complex cosmological questions to untangle the conundrums of the early universe. The attractive numerical solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the early Universe heralds a step towards quantum cosmology based on the interplay of the Wheeler–DeWitt equation and time-independent Schrödinger equation. There is an increasing trend to use computational methods to solve ordinary and partial differential equations with the help of code development in Matlab. For this purpose feed-forward artificial neural network is used for investigating the Schrödinger equation.

Dynamics of pre-inflationary universe in loop quantum cosmology

Dynamics of pre-inflationary universe in loop quantum cosmology

Universal dynamics exposed by interaction quenches

Universal dynamics exposed by interaction quenches

Slip-pulses drive frictional motion of dissimilar materials: Universality, dynamics, and evolution

Frictional slip between bodies having different elastic or geometrical properties (bimaterial interfaces) creates a unique type of rupture, bimaterial "slip pulses." These slip pulses propagate along the interfaces separating elastically different contacting bodies. They exhibit highly localized slip with accompanying local normal stress reduction. These pulses do not result from properties of "friction laws" but, instead, are formed via the elastic mismatch of the contacting bodies. Here, we experimentally study slip pulse dynamics, evolution, and structure in seven different bimaterial interfaces. We find that slip pulses are a major vehicle for frictional motion in bimaterial interfaces, they exist in well-defined velocity windows and undergo unstable growth consistent with theoretical predictions coined the "Adams instability." When scaled properly, slip pulses exhibit both universal spatial structure and growth dynamics. While slip pulse amplitudes vary considerably within different interfaces, this variation is, surprisingly, not highly dependent on the contrast of the elastic properties of the contacting materials. Instead, slip pulse amplitudes are closely related to the interfaces' aging properties and, hence, to material plasticity at the interface. As bimaterial interfaces are generic, these results are fundamentally important to both frictional dynamics and the dynamics of earthquakes within a wide class of natural faults.