Dyed Cotton Fabrics Research Articles

Natural Dyeing of Cotton Fabric by Extruded Pelargonidin of Red Onion Skin and Finished it Naturally with Aloe Vera

According to the opinion of the Ecologist, the Textile industry is regarded as the most polluting sectors. Almost every single day, various textile industries mostly Dyeing factories are ejaculating different toxic chemicals, dyes and other agents which are very much harmful to our nature and environment. As a result, the demand for natural dyes has increased abundantly. Natural dyes are environment friendly. In this project, we used onion outer skins as a potential source of natural plant dyes. These dyes, which are known as pelargonidin were applied on cotton fabric by the exhaust method. For proper fixation, drying and curing is carried out in Mini Thermosol Machine. The dyed sample was evaluated for color fastness to washing, light, rubbing and perspiration.

Valorization of natural dye extracted from date palm pits (Phoenix dactylifera) for dyeing of cotton fabric. Part 2: Optimization of dyeing process and improvement of colorfastness with biological mordants

This paper investigates the feasibility of dyeing cotton fibers with solution extracted from date pits which are abundant vegetal material. The extraction step and its optimization were conducted in the first part of this paper. This second part studies the influence of the main dyeing conditions on the color yield K/S and the CIELab coordinates. The studied parameters are pH of the dye bath, temperature and duration of dyeing. Experiments were carried out using Box-Behnken experimental design to be able to analyze the main effects of each parameter, to detect interactions between these parameters and to deduce optimum conditions for dyeing process. The fastness properties of dyed samples were also evaluated. Obtained results indicate interesting sweat, washing and rubbing fastness in the range of 4–5. Three metallic mordants (Alun, ZnSO4 and CuSO4) and three biological mordants (gall nuts, chlorophyll (a) and green almond shell) were used to improve the degree of absorption as well as the color fastness of cotton fabrics dyed with aqueous extract from date pits. The obtained results showed high improvement of fastness (sweat, friction, washing and light fastness) for biological mordants than the metallic ones.

Effect of chemical modification with 4-vinylpyridine on dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dyestuff

Cotton fabrics were pre-treated with 4-vinylpyridine before dyeing to increase dye uptake. Various treatments for the application of monomers to fabrics were tried in different combinations and after dyeing the best result was obtained with alkali impregnation and monomer exhaustion. After decisions had been made on the processes to be applied before dyeing, different amounts of monomer, dyestuff and salt were used in reactive dyeing baths at different pHs. The results were evaluated in terms of color coordinates, color strength, FT-IR and fastness to washing, rubbing and perspiration. The best results were obtained with 3 ml of 4-vinylpyridine dissolved in 10 ml of alcohol, in the presence of 25 g L−1 of salt and in neutral medium at 5% dyestuff concentration. Color strength from this dyeing process was higher than from the conventional dyeing at the same dyestuff concentration. FT-IR analysis demonstrated the presence of monomer on the surface of the fabric. Fastness values showed that this method could be used as an alternative to the conventional method.

Curcuma Dye with Modified Treatment Using Chitosan for Superior Fastness

Curcuma dye could never gain popularity in natural dyeing as the intrinsic nature of the colorant Curcumin did not have the requisite adhering property towards natural fabrics such as silk and cotton, thereby making it very fugitive. In this paper attempts have been made to activate Curcumin molecule by complexation with chitosan (another natural linear polysaccharide). The binding took place at intrinsic pH (7–8) very effectively without any surfactant or enzyme. Dyeing with this new composite showed excellent wash and light fastnesses as compared to curcuma dye. The novelty of this dyeing process is the remarkable enhancement of wash and light fastnesses levels by 1.0–1.5 for silk and cotton fabric dyeing in just 1 hour at 40–45 °C. It is fast and energy conserving dyeing process. Three subsequent washing of the dyed samples showed very small change in CIE Lab.

Valorization of natural dye extracted from date palm pits (Phoenix dactylifera) for dyeing of cotton fabric. Part 1: Optimization of extraction process using Taguchi design

Nowadays, clothes dyed with synthetic dyes contain a large variety of harmful products for health and environment. These substances are potentially carcinogenic, especially when they mix with sweat. That is why great efforts were carried out to promote natural dyeing while valuing plants considered as a waste. In this study, aqueous solution extracted from date pits powder is characterized and valorized. Experiments were carried out using Taguchi experimental design to be able to analyze the main effects of each parameter and to deduce optimum conditions for extraction process. Obtained results indicate that the most suitable solvent is acetone with an optimal percentage of 10% of the volume of the solution used fort extraction, the optimal temperature is found at 80 °C and the optimal duration is 90 min. After the extraction under optimum conditions, the stability and the storage conditions of the extracted solution were evaluated using the factorial experimental design. The parameters analyzed are those influencing the dyeing process, namely: the pH of the solution, the temperature and the duration. The analyzed responses are the polyphenol content and the absorbance of the aqueous extract. Obtained results proved that the extracted solution can be conserved in the darkness more than 15 days in 3 °C.

Study of Cotton Fabric Dyeing Process With Some Mordant Methods By Using Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Extract

Natural dye that was re-extracted from raw gambier is used to dye cotton fabrics. Aluminum sulfate, calcium oxide, and ferrous sulfate were used as mordants. Dyeing had used four different mordant methods which namely pre, simultaneous, post, and combined (pre and post) mordant. The chemical components in dry gambier extract were tested by using X Ray-Diffraction. The dyed cotton fabrics were evaluated by their color strength (K/S), color difference values (L*, a*, and b*), fastness to washing, rubbing and light. The results have shown that the main components of gambier were anhydrous catechins, catechins, and pyrocatechol. The use of post mordant and combined mordant methods with calcium oxide mordant had produced higher color strength (K/S) than others. The fastness to washing and rubbing values were in a range from good to excellent, while the average of the fastness to light was in a range from moderate to good. The amount of mordant metal that was bound to the fabric was between 15-40%.

Cleaner production of antimicrobial and anti-UV cotton materials through dyeing with eucalyptus leaves extract

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in using natural substances to produce value-added and sustainable textile materials. Some plant extracts can simultaneously dye and impart new functionalities to textile fibers. In this context the main goal of the present study was the development of anti-UV and antimicrobial cotton fabrics through dyeing with aqueous extracts obtained from eucalyptus leaves. The extract was composed by several flavonoids, which were detected by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The dyeing process was optimized considering the influence of its most important variables, such as temperature, pH and concentration of electrolytes. The influence of a pre-treatment with chitosan in the color strength was also evaluated. The best results were achieved with dyeing at 100 °C, pH 4.5 and adding 20 gL-1 of NaCl to dyebath solution. However, the pre-treatment with chitosan provided fabrics with increased color strength, better fastness properties and becomes the process more sustainable, since it eliminates the use of electrolytes. Dyed cotton fabrics showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, which increases with the extract concentration in the dyebath. The UV protection factor (UPF) of the dyed fabrics also showed a significant increase after the dyeing process. Additionally, the pre-treatment of cotton with chitosan increases antimicrobial activity and anti-UV protection of the dyed materials.

An Economical Dyeing Process for Cotton and Wool Fabrics and Improvement their Antibacterial Properties and UV protection

ABSTRACTEnvironmental, economic concerns, and prolonged human exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation have created an increasing demand for natural dyestuff. A study on the cotton and wool fabrics functionality to achieve UV protection and antibacterial properties was carried out by aqueous extract of barberry roots and red onion skin as the natural dyes. The alkaloid berberine extracted from the fruits of Berberis vulgaris and flavonoids and anthocyanin from red onion skin (Alliumcepa L) are natural dyes with antibacterial activity, UV protection and available as waste materials. The properties of dyed wool and cotton fabrics with these two natural dyes and two dyeing methods (exhaustion and ultrasonic) such as their color fastness, color intensity, and antibacterial efficacy ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) were investigated in this research. The results confirmed that the high level of antibacterial activity and (UPF) values of dyed wool fabrics with barberry roots and red onion skin and they are more than the dyed cotton fabrics in the same condition and has better result with the ultrasonic method. So by combining two dyestuff and ultrasonic method, on cotton dyeing, the level of antibacterial activity and UPF value increased.

Encapsulated Dye/Polymer Nanoparticles Prepared via Miniemulsion Polymerization for Inkjet Printing.

Owing to its simple operation and minimal generation of pollutants, miniemulsion polymerization has attracted increasing interest in the field of inkjet printing. In this study, different dyes were encapsulated with styrene-co-butyl acrylate copolymers via miniemulsion polymerization. The encapsulated dye/polymer nanoparticles were spherical with an apparent shell–core structure, narrow size distributions, and good thermal stability. These nanoparticles were used as miniemulsion inks that could remain unchanged with good photostability for a long time. The miniemulsion ink was successfully applied to inkjet printing on paper with bright colors and good fluency, and the dyeing of cotton fabrics indicated that these nanoparticles possessed good rubbing and washing fastness. All of these results suggest that the miniemulsion ink is a potential substitute for inks based on traditional dyes in inkjet printing.

Mango Seed Kernel Agronomical Bio-Waste for Ecofriendly Cotton Dyeing: Optimization of Dyeing Period and Temperature

Typical synthetic colorant and their application processes include various negative eco-toxicological effect and human health risk. Intend to depose the impediments of synthetic dyeing herein mango seed kernel agronomical bio-waste was employed for sustainable dyeing of cotton fabric. 100% cotton knitted single jersey commercially scoured-bleached fabric having areal density of 160 grams per square meter was used for this study. Natural dye was extracted by alkali extraction method from raw seed kernel of Mangifera indica. Optimum dyeing temperature and duration were quantified. Colorimetric appearance of the dyed samples for different dyeing condition were evaluate by using CIE L*a*b* color space in terms of color co-ordinates, color strength (K/S), brightness index (BI) and degree of color levelness values. Dye fiber bonding stability of the dyed fabric was evaluated in terms of colorfastness to wash, water, perspiration, rubbing and light. Overall the colorfastness values were recorded as 4-5 except light fastness. Excellent colorimetric appearance and serviceability indicates future green coloration of cotton fabric through mango seed kernel as well as decent agronomical bio-waste management.

Low liquor dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dye by an eco-friendly technique

Abstract Generally the exhaust dyeing process utilizes a large amount of energy, time and high liquor ratio. On the contrary, the microwave irradiation can be used for the exhaust dyeing that consumes less energy and less time. In this research, the environmental friendly technique, the microwave irradiation, is used to dye cotton fabric at lower liquor ratio through the exhaust dyeing process and it is compared with the conventional dyeing method. The exhaustion percentage, fixation percentage, and color strength values have been measured and a suitable recipe is obtained. It is found that the microwave technique facilitates the process by minimizing the dyeing time and maximizing the exhaustion percentage, fixation percentage, and color strength values. Furthermore, the microwave technique is considered as a green technique and higher exhaustion and fixation percentages indicate that there is comparatively less residue dye in the effluent. XRD and SEM tests also performed to analyze whether the microwave has affected the morphological structure but from the results, there is not a considerable difference observed. Finally, the colorfastness tests have been carried out and compared with the conventionally dyed samples and the results are almost the same for both techniques. Hence the microwave technique is providing almost the same quality product by using less time with the environment friendliness.

The effect of type and method of mordant towards cotton fabric dyeing quality using jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) pod waste

Jengkol pod is waste from jengkol (dogfruit). Its extract contains 5.28% tannin and can be used as a natural dye for textile to add its value. This study was conducted by extracting jengkol pod waste by using water. The treatment of this research is type and method of mordant. The mordant type was Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , CaO, and FeSO 4 and mordant method was conducted using three ways, simultaneous, post, and the combination of both. Dying was applied to cotton fabrics. To find out the effect of each treatment, the colored fabrics measured the strength and darkness of the color. The quality of the colored fabrics was determined by testing the color fastness against washing, acidic and alkaline sweat, light, and rubbing. The results showed that mordant type and method affected the color strength and darkness. The highest color darkness and differences were obtained in the treatment using mordant FeSO 4 for all mordant methods. The mordant type and method did not have a significant effect on the color fastness of the fabric. The average of non-mordant fabric (control) has a higher fastness value compared to the colored fabrics. Some treatments have the same color fastness as the control fabric. The CaO mordant treatment with post and combined mordant method had better color fastness against alkaline sweat and light than controlled fabric treatment. Abstrak Kulit jengkol merupakan limbah yang dihasilkan dari buah jengkol. Ektrak kulit jengkol mengandung tanin sebesar 5,28% dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna alam tekstil untuk meningkatkan nilai tambahnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengekstrak kulit jengkol menggunakan air. Perlakuan penelitian yaitu jenis dan metode mordan. Jenis mordan yang digunakan adalah Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , CaO, dan FeSO 4 . Metode mordan dilakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu simultan, pasca, dan gabungan. Pewarnaan diaplikasikan pada kain katun. Untuk melihat pengaruh masing-masing perlakuan maka kain yang telah diwarnai diukur arah dan ketuaan warnanya. Kualitas kain hasil pewarnaan dilihat dengan menguji ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian, keringat asam dan basa, sinar, dan gosokan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis dan metode mordan mempengaruhi arah dan ketuaan warna kain. Ketuaan dan perbedaan warna paling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan menggunakan mordan FeSO 4 untuk semua metode mordan baik simultan, pasca, dan gabungan. Jenis dan metode mordan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berarti terhadap ketahanan luntur warna kain. Kain kontrol tanpa mordan rata-rata mempunyai nilai ketahanan luntur yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kain yang diwarnai. Beberapa perlakuan mempunyai ketahanan luntur warna yang sama dengan kain kontrol. Perlakuan mordan CaO dengan metode mordan pasca dan gabungan mempunyai ketahanan luntur warna terhadap keringat basa dan sinar yang lebih baik dari perlakuan kain kontrol.

Dyeing of cotton fabric with antibacterial properties using direct dye and CTAB

ABSTRACTDirect dyes still represent an important class of dye for use on cellulose fiber, because of the ease of application and low cost. The present study was aimed at development of microbial resistant cotton using antibacterial agent in dyeing process through exhaustion method. Cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), as a cationic antibacterial agent, was used in dyeing of cotton fabric with direct dyes. The antibacterial activities, washing fastness, light fastness, and bending length of the treated fabrics were investigated and the results discussed. To reveal the antibacterial properties of the treated samples, the zone of inhibition was measured for S. aureus and E. coli. Finally, the fabric dyed with 5% NaCl, 5% CTAB, and 2% Direct Blue 86 indicated good antibacterial properties against S. aureus; however, the dyed fabric with 5% NaCl, 1% CTAB, and 2% Direct Blue 86 showed more suitable antibacterial properties against E. coli in compare to other samples. Further, the dyed cotton fabric along with CTAB prevented S. aureus growth more than E. coli.

Cleaner coloration of cotton fabric with reactive dyes using a pad-batch-steam dyeing process

Abstract To enhance dye fixation rate in pad-steam dyeing, a preliminary research was carried out to examine that the effect of the water content in water-ethanol mixed medium on reactive dyeing of cotton fabrics. The fabric temperature and dyeing properties as affected by the water content were investigated. Based on the results, a batch procedure was incorporated in the pad-steam dyeing to enhance the interactions between reactive dye and cellulosic fibers. The dyeing properties, chemicals and energy consumption of the pad-batch-steam process and conventional pad-steam process were also evaluated. The results show that reducing the water content could expedite fabric heating and improve dyeing properties significantly. The batching time of 60 min, 20 g/L of sodium carbonate and steaming time of 2.0 min were appropriate for dyeing cotton fabric with 25 g/L of C.I. Reactive Violet 5. Compared with conventional pad-steam dyeing, the color strength and dye fixation rates of dyed fabrics using pad-batch-steam dyeing process were maximum increased by 21.4% and 16.1%, respectively. The proposed dyeing process saved 13.7% dye, 33.3% sodium carbonate, 33.3% steam and 28.5% industrial electricity. The pad-batch-steam dyeing process has significant potential for enhancing dye fixation rate and reducing the dyeing effluent, which is a major step towards cleaner dyeing of cotton fabrics.

Reactive Pad-Steam Dyeing of Cotton Fabric Modified with Cationic P(St-BA-VBT) Nanospheres.

The Poly[Styrene-Butyl acrylate-(P-vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)] P(St-BA-VBT) nanospheres with N+(CH3)3 functional groups were successfully prepared and applied to modify cotton fabrics using a pad-dry process. The obtained cationic cotton fabrics were dyed with pad-steam dyeing with reactive dye. The results show that the appropriate concentration of nanospheres was 4 g/L. The sodium carbonate of 25 g/L and steaming time of 3 min were suitable for dyeing cationic cotton with 25 g/L of C.I. Reactive Blue 222. The color strength and dye fixation rates of dyed cationic cotton fabrics increased by 39.4% and 14.3% compared with untreated fabrics. Moreover, sodium carbonate and steaming time were reduced by 37.5% and 40%, respectively. The rubbing and washing fastness of dyed fabrics were equal or higher 3 and 4–5 grades, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the P(St-BA-VBT) nanospheres randomly distributed and did not form a continuous film on the cationic cotton fiber surfaces. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further demonstrated the presence of cationic nanospheres on the fiber surfaces. The cationic modification did not affect the breaking strength of cotton fabrics.

Controlled fading of soluble sulphur dyed cotton fabric by oxidation discharge printing

Controlled fading of soluble sulphur dyed cotton fabric by oxidation discharge printing

Electrochemical stripping of cotton fabrics dyed with Reactive Black 5 in water and wastewater

Cotton fabrics dyed with Reactive Black 5 (RB5) was electrochemically stripped using Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 anode in water, pyridine and phenol solution. The results showed that RB5 dye could be easily stripped from the surface of cotton fabrics through the cleavage of chromophoric group (NN) under the attack of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and active chlorines generated in situ. Efficient stripping performance could be obtained in water and pyridine solution, whilst the stripping percent was not obviously affected by pyridine concentration and layers of dyed cotton fabrics. Whereas, phenol existing in water slowed the stripping rate due to the competition between the stripping of RB5 dye and the degradation of phenol. In the case of multi-layer dyed cotton fabrics, the stripping performance of the inner layer is superior to that of the outer layer owing to that the cotton fabrics hinder the diffusion of active chlorines and OH. The FTIR analysis of stripped cotton fabrics showed that the effect of electrochemical process and the existence of pollutant in water on the stripped cotton fabrics could be negligible. Electrochemical oxidation could also successfully strip various dyes from waste cotton fabrics in the investigated stripping solutions. Therefore, electrochemical oxidation provides an environmentally friendly alternative for color stripping of dyed cotton fabrics. The removal of dye from cotton fabrics and the degradation of pollutant in water could occur simultaneously, implying that wastewater containing chloride ions may replace the fresh water as stripping solution.

Dyeability of Cotton Fabric with Banana Stem Extract

Dyeability of Cotton Fabric with Banana Stem Extract

Pigment Dyeing of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Treated Cotton Fabric

In this work, the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on improving the application of pigment dyeing in cotton was investigated. The colour-related properties such as (i) colour yield; (ii) colour levelness; (iii) crocking fastness; and (iv) dry-cleaning fastness of the pigment-dyed cotton fabric were determined and evaluated. Atmospheric pressure plasma under different combinations of operational parameters was used for treating 100% ready-for-dyeing cotton fabric. The atmospheric pressure plasma-treated cotton fabric was dyed with yellow pigment by the pad-dyeing method, and the pigment-dyeing solution concentrations were 1 g/L and 5 g/L. Experimental results revealed that colour yield of the yellow pigment-dyed cotton sample improved. The crocking and dry-cleaning fastness properties also improved. In addition, prediction model equations were developed for 1 g/L and 5 g/L pigment dyeing based on multiple linear regression, and the measured colour yield was close to the predicted colour yield.

Synthesis and Characterization of Waterborne Polyurethane Modified by Acrylate/nano-ZnO for Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics

Waterborne polyurethane modified by acrylate/nano-ZnO (PUA/ZnO) was synthesized and used to improve the wet rubbing fastness of reactive dyed cotton fabric. The reaction conditions were optimized and the products were characterized by FT-IR, TG, DSC, SEM, and particle size distribution. The dyed cotton fabrics were finished with PUA/ZnO emulsion and the rubbing fastness, ultraviolet resistant property, and wearability of treated fabrics were measured. The wet rubbing fastness of treated fabrics was increased by about 0.5–1 rate to achieve 3–4 rate, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) achieved 50+ level. The whiteness, air permeability, and elongation at break of treated fabric were not decreased significantly. SEM showed that the smooth and reticular coating on the surface of treated fabric reduced the mechanical friction force between dyed fabric and rubbing cloth, and thus improved the rubbing fastness. The decomposition temperature of finished fabric was increased by 50–80 °C.