Dual Voltage Control Research Articles

Microwave frequency switching delays in phase-locked period-one dynamics of semiconductor lasers.

Modern microwave switches require high switching speeds to rapidly route data over multiple radio channels while minimizing the routing delay. This Letter proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, microwave frequency switching system using phase-locked Period-one (P1) dynamics of semiconductor lasers. When a semiconductor laser is optically injected by microwave-modulated optical signals, which carry two-tone input microwaves at 29 and 37 GHz, with proper injection power controlled by dual-voltage control signals, P1 dynamics are excited in the semiconductor laser and subsequently phase-locked by one of the input microwave tones. We have observed positive and negative switching delays in the switching process. For instance, a positive delay is observed when the system requires additional optical power to transition from a phase-locked state at 29 GHz to an unlocked state. Conversely, a negative delay occurs when the unlocked P1 dynamics approach but do not reach a 37-GHz frequency and then rapidly lock to the tone, thereby surpassing the speed of the control signals. These dual delays are instrumental in enhancing the switching speed of our system, enabling it to surpass the voltage switching time of the control signals by a factor of 3.6. In addition, by leveraging these dual delays, the duration of the microwave tones can be further extended in the switching process.

A PVT tolerant low power wide tuning range differential voltage controlled oscillator design in 90 nm CMOS technology

This paper presents a three-stage low power and wider tuning range differential ring-oscillator with dual control voltages. This design permits lower tuning gain using dual control voltage (VTUNE 1 and VTUNE 2) to achieve high operation frequency. The dual voltage control enables a large bias current into the circuit. The proposed DRO has been implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology, whose performance results show a very high output frequency range which includes lower frequency band (LFB) and higher frequency band (HFB) from 0.007 GHz to 13.48 GHz. This DRO shows power consumption from 0.001 mW to 2.307 mW and phase noise of −92.27 dBc/Hz @ 1MHz offset. The figure of merit (FoM) for this DRO turns out to be −179.98 dBc/Hz. In addition, process corner analysis, Monte Carlo analysis, temperature sweep analysis, and stability analysis has been performed to find the robustness of the circuit.

A 0.49 mm2 CMOS Low-Power TVCO Achieving FoM of 190.36 dBc/Hz for 5G New Radio Application

This paper describes the implementation of low-power, low-phase-noise (PN), and robust startup tailless class-C voltage-controlled oscillator (TVCO) for 5G new radio (NR) technology. It features dual gate voltage control source biasing to generate fast startup and differential signal amplitude balancing, thus eliminating the requirement of the conventional tail current source, which introduces more parasitic capacitance that affects the oscillation frequency, phase noise, and power consumption. The TVCO is fabricated in 180 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, oscillating at 2.59 GHz 5G NR carrier frequency with an output voltage swing of 1.7 V and low-phase-noise of -122 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with supply voltage headroom of 0.7 V. Without additional features added, the TVCO consumes very low-power and a small die area of 0.98 mW and 0.49 mm2, respectively. The achieved figure of merit (FoM) is 190.36 dBc/Hz.

A D-Band Reflective-Type Phase Shifter Using a SiGe PIN Diode Resonant Load

This work presents a D-band phase shifter which utilizes a one-bit phase inverter (PI), followed by two cascaded reflective-type phase shifters (RTPSs). The PI uses two identical cascode amplifiers and a triaxial balun for compact form factor and to provide identical loading in both states. The RTPSs use SiGe PIN diodes for their resonant loads due to their naturally high-Q and tuning range. The phase shifter is implemented in a 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology platform, and achieves insertion loss < 5.5 dB with a 360° phase shift range, for frequencies up to 145 GHz. By using dual voltage control, the insertion loss variation is kept within ±0.9 dB by selecting the appropriate points. This phase shifter achieves competitive performance in terms of insertion loss, power consumption, and amplitude error while operating over a wide bandwidth.

AMESim Simulation and Improvement of Dynamic Performance for Electromagnetic Pulse Valve by Dual Voltage Control

AMESim Simulation and Improvement of Dynamic Performance for Electromagnetic Pulse Valve by Dual Voltage Control

Research on voltage fluctuation control based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

In recent years, more and more distributed photovoltaic power generation is connected to poverty alleviation areas. When the proportion of household photovoltaic power generation is too large, the voltage limit problem may appear. Therefore, this paper proposes a dual objective voltage control method based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to adapt to regional differences. Taking power quality and cost as the voltage control objectives of photovoltaic poverty alleviation areas, combining photovoltaic inverter with plug and play equipment, according to the differences of poverty alleviation areas, adjusting the weight can switch in different control modes, and using particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the problem, It not only solves the problem of voltage overrun, but also saves the construction cost. Finally, the effectiveness of AHP is verified by simulation experiments.

Geometric Analysis and Systematic Design of a Reflective-Type Phase Shifter With Full 360° Phase Shift Range and Minimal Loss Variation

In this article, a geometric method, along with the concept of the reference circle, is proposed for the analysis of reflective-type phase shifter (RTPS). Comprehensive analyses of popular reflective loads, including capacitive load (CL), resonated load (RL), and $\pi $ -type load, are presented, revealing their limitations. The triple-resonating load technique is proposed to accomplish a full 360° phase shift range and suppress the loss variation. Further, a systematic design methodology for the RTPS using triple-resonating load is developed. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology, the proposed RTPS occupies a core chip area of $0.076~\mu \text{m}^{2}$ . It achieves the first-ever 379° phase shift range at 29 GHz with only one control voltage. With dual-voltage control, a full 360° phase shift range with 8.3 ± 0.2 dB insertion loss is achieved. For both control methods, the return loss is better than 22.8 dB for all phase shift states.

Design of Power Decoupling Strategy for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverter Under Nonideal Power Grid

Because a single-phase inverter has a power coupling between the dc bus and the ac side, the dc bus always requires large electrolytic capacitors for the power decoupling. Although the active power decoupling circuit can restrain the ripple voltage with twice the fundamental frequency on the dc bus and reduce the required capacitance, previous research works mainly focused on the power coupling of an ideal power grid, and just decoupled the ripple power with twice the fundamental frequency. This study analyzes the power coupling in a nonideal power grid, and designs a novel decoupling method for the power with multiharmonic frequency on the dc bus. By modifying the reference values of dc series split-capacitors, the system control structure can be simplified, and the multifrequency-coupled power decoupling can be realized. Moreover, a notch filter is introduced into the dc voltage feedback path for further reducing the influence of the power coupling on the inverter output current quality. The proposed method can achieve the objective of the multifrequency-coupled power decoupling, even under a weak power-grid environment. Finally, numerical simulations and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with the traditional capacitor decoupling framework and the dual-voltage control decoupling scheme.

Implementation of solar photovoltaic array and battery powered enhanced DC-DC converter using B4-inverter fed brushless DC motor drive system for agricultural water pumping applications

The proposed research involves, an implementation of solar photovoltaic array and battery powered enhanced dc-dc converter using B4-inverter fed brushless dc motor drive system for agricultural water pumping applications. It consists of step up and step-down converter, DC-link module. DC-link switching is achieved by reduced ripple voltage which results in improved quality of obtained output power. The Three Port Converter has been proposed and operated in unidirectional and/or bidirectional way simultaneously, for achieving an inherent dual voltage and power flow control. Switch count makes the system more cost effective. An excellent tracking performance under dynamic condition with negligible oscillations around optimum operating point is achieved. Optimally selecting the initial value of duty ratio and its perturbation size offer soft starting of BLDC motor by slowly increasing the DC-link voltage of VSI. A simulation model of solar photovoltaic array and battery powered enhanced DC-DC converter is developed and its performance is analysed for various operating conditions.

A high-efficiency self-powered wireless sensor node for monitoring concerning vibratory events

This paper presents a self-powered wireless alarming sensor node (SWASN), which was designed to monitor the occurrence of concerning vibratory events. The major components of the sensor node include a vibration-threshold-triggered energy harvester (VTTEH) that powers the sensor node, a dual threshold voltage control circuit (DTVCC) for power management and a radio frequency (RF) signal transmitting module. The VTTEH generates significant electric energy only when the input vibration reaches certain amplitude. Thus, the VTTEH serves as both the power source and the vibration-event-sensing element for the sensor node. The DTVCC was specifically designed to utilize the limited power supply from the VTTEH to operate the sensor node. Constructed with only voltage detectors and MOSFETs, the DTVCC achieved low power consumption, which was 65% lower compared with the power management circuit designed in our previous work. Meanwhile, a RF transmit circuit was constructed based on the commercially available CC1110-F32 wireless transceiver chip and a compact planar antenna was designed to improve the signal transmission distance. The sensor node was fabricated and was characterized both in the laboratory and in the field. Experimental results showed that the SWASN could automatically send out alarming signals when the simulated concerning event occurred. The waiting time between two consecutive transmission periods is less than 125 s and the transmission distance can reach 1.31 km. The SWASN will have broad applications in field surveillances.

Power source protection method for hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell/lithium-ion battery system

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell hybridized with lithium-ion battery possesses significant advantages, including the combination of large energy carrier feature with high power density to provide a power source for large fluctuated areas such as a vehicle or a construction equipment. A hybrid system obviously requires a suitable power management means to distribute each power source optimally and ensure safe and efficient power system operation. This study investigates hybrid system power distribution and the protection of power sources, namely, PEMFC and/or LIB, to extend their lifetimes under the condition of external load variations. Power distribution with the purpose of power source protection is developed to balance the power and stabilize the DC-link voltage with the developed hybrid model. In particular, two new power splitting methods are proposed: coordinated current–voltage control and dual-voltage control. Moreover, these two control schemes are selected depending on the threshold load current. The threshold load current is decided by fuzzy logic rules to prevent power shortage in PEMFC by current control for higher load and to regulate LIB's state-of-charge for lower load. To validate the proposed power management approach, experimental tests are conducted on a hybrid PEMFC/LIB power system prototype.

A Dual Voltage Control Strategy for Single-Phase PWM Converters With Power Decoupling Function

The inherent double line ripple power in single-phase systems is adverse to the performance of power electronics converters, e.g., limited lifetime due to the requirement of large electrolytic capacitors and low voltage control bandwidth due to harmonic disturbance. In this paper, an active converter topology based on a symmetrical half-bridge circuit is proposed to decouple the ripple power so that balanced instantaneous power flow is assured between source and load, and the required dc-link capacitance can be dramatically reduced. For proper closed-loop regulation, the small signal modeling of the proposed system is presented, and a dual voltage control strategy is then proposed, which comprises one voltage loop implemented in the synchronous reference frame for active power balancing, and another one implemented in the stationary reference frame for ripple power compensation. Special attention is given to the bandwidth of voltage control loops because the variation of dc-link voltage should be kept within an acceptable range during load transients. This is particularly important for systems with reduced dc-link capacitance because they are of lower energy capacity, and the dc-link voltage is therefore very sensitive to step load changes. Comprehensive simulation and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed circuit and control algorithm.

Design of Low Power Digital Multiplier Using Dual Threshold Voltage Adder Module

An enhanced dual threshold voltage control technique has been proposed in this paper. Scaling and power reduction trends in future technologies will cause sub threshold leakage currents to become an increasingly large component of total power dissipation. This paper presents dual-threshold voltage techniques for reducing standby power dissipation while still maintaining high performance in static and dynamic combinational logic blocks By selectively placing the high threshold voltage, the leakage should be reduced by more than 10 times, while at the same time achieving comparable performance. This technique is used in a micro meter technology. Simulation results show that the power consumed has been reduced by more than 10 times. The speed is even faster than an all low-Vt implementation. As wireless communication demands devices with very long battery life, low power design is becoming more and more important each day. This is true for not only portable devices, but also for other applications. When microprocessors are getting more and more powerful, low power design is needed to relieve the problem of heat dissipation as well.

Power system voltage control by multiple STATCOMs based on learning humoral immune response

An approach for power system voltage control is proposed based on the learning humoral immune response which can not only fulfil the conventional task of a voltage controller in a power system to keep the voltage at the controller's busbar to a setting reference value at the normal operation mode, but also minimise or eliminate voltage violations at its adjacent busbars in power system contingencies. This dual voltage control function is the major advantage of the approach proposed and is achieved by the capability of the humoral immune voltage control to identify self and nonself antigen intrusion (voltage variations and violations) to the power system. It is proposed that the parameters of a humoral immune voltage controller are trained by learning algorithms via offline simulation. The training is assisted by the injections of artificial reactive loads at relevant busbars in the power system and by the provision of a learning reference signal. An example 10-machine 39-node power system installed with two STATCOMs (static synchronous compensators) is presented. The success of applying the proposed humoral immune voltage control and associated learning algorithms to the design of STATCOMs is demonstrated.

A three-phase four-wire unity power factor AC/DC converter with dual DC output voltage control

A three-phase four-wire unity power factor AC/DC converter with dual DC voltage control is proposed. This converter is able to keep its two series DC output voltage equal and constant while supplying unbalanced power. An uninterruptible power supply incorporating such a converter is able to supply all kinds of loads, including the half wave rectified load. Experimental results verify that the proposed dual DC voltage control scheme is feasible.