Dual-band Power Divider Research Articles

A novel high-power dual-band coupled-line Gysel power divider with impedance-transforming functions.

A novel coupled-line structure is proposed to design dual-band and high-power Gysel power dividers with inherent impedance-transforming functions. Based on traditional even- and odd-mode technique, the analytical design methods in closed-form formula are obtained and the accurate electrical parameters analysis is presented. Due to the usage of coupled-line sections, more design-parameter freedom and a wider frequency-ratio operation range for this kind of dual-band Gysel powder divider are obtained. Several numerical examples are designed and calculated to demonstrate flexible dual-band applications with different impedance-transforming functions. A practical microstrip power divider operating at 2 GHz and 3.2 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The good agreement between the calculated and measured results verifies our proposed circuit structure and analytical design approach.

A DESIGN APPROACH FOR DUAL-BAND WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER WITH TWO PAIRS OF COUPLED-LINE SECTIONS

This paper presents a design approach for dual-band Wilkinson power dividers. Two pairs of parallel coupled-lines are used to replace the quarter-wavelength transformers in the conventional Wilkinson power divider to obtain dual-band operation. Using even- and odd-mode analysis, the closed- form design equations are derived for design parameters and design procedures of the proposed dual-band power divider are given. For veriflcation purpose, a practical power divider, which operates at 1GHz and 2.1GHz with 3dB power dividing ratio, is designed, fabricated and tested. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

A New Design of Equal and Unequal Dual-Band Gysel Power Divider with Controllable Bandwidth

In this article, a new design for an equal and unequal dual-band Gysel power divider with a novel dual-band transformer has been proposed. This transformer is replaced with two conventional quarter-wavelength transmission lines between the isolation resistors. The proposed power divider thus has controllable bandwidth, exactly the same as the conventional Gysel power divider, as well as simple structure, wide frequency band ratio, good isolation and return loss, and high-power handling capability advantages over the Wilkinson power divider.

A Novel Coupled-Line Gysel Power Divider for Dual-Band and High-Power applications<sup></sup>

A novel coupled-line structure is proposed to design dual-band and high-power Gysel power dividers. Based on traditional even-and odd-mode technique, the analytical design theory is given and the electrical parameters analysis is provided. Four numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the flexible dual-band applications. A practical power divider operating at 1GHz and 2 GHz is designed. The calculated and full-wave simulated results verify our proposed idea.

A Novel Design of Triple-Band Gysel Power Divider

This paper presents a new scheme of a tri-band Gysel power divider. A tri-band transmission line transformer and parallel short-and open-ended stub resonators are applied to a dual-band power divider for tri-band application. Exact equations are derived based on even- and odd-mode analysis. There is a good agreement between simulation and experimental results. In addition to good insertion loss, return loss, and isolation, it also has the advantage of high power-handling capability over the Wilkinson power divider.

Applications of electrically tunable composite right/left handed transmission lines based on barium–strontium–titanate thick films and open resonators

This paper is focused on the study and applications of tunable composite right/left handed transmission lines (CRLH TL) based on open resonators. Specifically, it will be demonstrated that CRLH TL based on open split ring resonators (OSRRs) and open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs) can be tuned by means of barium–strontium–titanate thick-films. These artificial lines are applied to the design of tunable band-pass filters, phase shifters, dual-band impedance inverters and dual-band power dividers, where independent or simultaneous tuning of different resonators can be considered, depending on the application. The design methodology and different proof-of-concept demonstrators are reported.

Design of Compact Dual-Band Power Dividers With Frequency-Dependent Division Ratios Based on Multisection Coupled Line

In this paper, a design method of compact dual-band power dividers with frequency-dependant power division ratios in two separated bands is proposed. A multisection coupled-line scheme is presented that takes advantage of the different odd- and even-phase velocities of a microstrip implemented coupled line. The proposed method is applicable to an extended frequency ratio of 1.4-3 compared to the formerly investigated coupled-line dual-band transformer. The design procedures are demonstrated by two design examples, and measurements of the implemented circuits are made for verification.

여파기 변환 기법을 이용한 이중대역 Gysel 전력 분배기

In this paper, we present the design and measured performances of an dual-band Gysel power divider based on band-stop characteristic. After the Gysel divider is designed by lumped elements at single operating frequency, and then using filter conversion technique the lumped elements were changed a band-stop characteristic with dual-band characteristics. The features of this design method are that transmission line by replacing lumped elements suppressed harmonic characteristics and also can reduce the size. To validate of the proposed power divider, the divider has been designed and measured at 880 MHz and 1650 MHz dual frequencies. The measured performances of the Gysel divider agree with prediction results at two frequencies.

Dual-Band Matching Properties of the C-Section All-Pass Network

The all-pass C-section is introduced as a replacement for the classic quarter-wave section in the design of wideband dual-band impedance-matching networks. First, the impedance-matching properties of the all-pass C-section are presented, showing its dual-band behavior. Second, a simple adaptation to dual-band designs of the well-known wideband designs with binomial and Chebyshev responses is introduced. Finally, a dual-band power divider is presented, as a test of the introduced design technique.

Fully Printed Dual-Band Power Divider Miniaturized by CRLH Phase-Shift Lines

In this letter, a compact and fully printed composite right- and left-handed (CRLH) dual-band power divider is proposed. The branches of the conventional Wilkinson power divider are replaced by subwavelength CRLH phase-shift lines having +90° for one frequency and −90° for another frequency for dual-band and miniaturization performance. Equations are derived for the even- and odd-mode analysis combined with the dual-band CRLH circuit. A PCS and a WLAN band are chosen as the test case and the circuit approach agrees with the CAD simulation and the measurement. Additionally, the CRLH property is shown with the dispersion diagram and the eightfold size reduction is noted.

Fully Printed Dual-Band Power Divider Miniaturized by CRLH Phase-Shift Lines

In this letter, a compact and fully printed composite right- and left-handed (CRLH) dual-band power divider is proposed. The branches of the...

Single- and Dual-Band Power Dividers Integrated With Bandpass Filters

This paper presents a novel device integrating a power divider with two bandpass filters. It is capable of splitting power and selecting frequency at the same time. The phase shift of the filter is found to be ±90° at the center frequency. Therefore, when it is matched to 70.7 Ω, it can replace the conventional quarter-wave length transmission line in the power divider. The isolation elements are loaded at the filters' open ends to get a good isolation between the output ports. As a result, both the transmission and isolation property are satisfied. The equivalent even- and odd-mode circuits of the proposed structure are analyzed and design equations are derived. They are used to guide the design of the devices. For demonstration, filter-integrated power dividers with single- and dual-band operation are implemented, respectively. Comparisons of the measured and simulated results are presented to verify the theoretical predications.

Compact Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna for CNSS Applications

A compact wideband circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna utilizing a quad-feed network (QFN) and quadruple semi-fan-annulus (QSFA) patches is proposed. For using a coupled-line dual-band power divider (PD) and improved phase shifter (PS) with stepped-impedance-open-stub (SIOS), the QFN has a compact size and exhibits the electromagnetic (EM) simulated bandwidth over 96% for the power distribution -6.5±0.5 dB, return loss (RL) > 14 dB, and a consistent 90° (±9°) phase deviation. Moreover, the QSFA patches can expand the CP bandwidth and reduce the size of the antenna effectively. Measurement results show that the proposed antenna achieves CP bandwidth of 72% from 1.15 to 2.45 GHz for RL > 10 dB, axial ratio dB, and 3-dB gain variation (gain > 4.4 dBi). Therefore, the proposed antenna is a good candidate for Compass Navigation Satellite System (CNSS) applications.

Arbitrary dual-band unequal Wilkinson power divider based on negative refractive index transmission lines

This paper focused on the application of negative refractive index transmission line (NRI-TL) in dual-band unequal Wilkinson power divider (WPD) with controllable frequency and power dividing ratio. Theory and design procedure of the dual-band NRI-TL are presented in details. For demonstration, two dual-band unequal Wilkinson power dividers (WPDs) with power dividing ratio of 2:1 and operating frequencies of 0.9 and 1.8GHz are designed, fabricated and tested. The first unequal divider is based on 2-stage NRI-TLs and the second one is based on 4-stage NRI-TLs. In addition, these two types of NRI-TLs are presented to demonstrate that by increasing the number of NRI-TL unit-cells the phase response of the NRI-TLs converge to the desired characteristic. The good agreement between measured and simulated results confirmed the design concept and derived closed-form design equations. Measurements show that the first divider has 18.37% and 21.86% relative bandwidths and the second one has 33.52% and 29.12% relative bandwidths at 0.9 and 1.8GHz, respectively. The design concept of this paper can be extended to equal dual-band power dividers with arbitrary frequency ratio.

Reply to ‘Comments on “A Modified Gysel Power Divider of Arbitrary Power Ratio and Real Terminated Impedances”’

Dr. Park points out that the structure in the authors' paper can be derived as a special case of the unequal dual-band Gysel power divider proposed. Actually, this conclusion is not correct if the shorted-circuit z stub is not eliminated initially.

A dual-band power divider using parallel strip line with high isolation

The transmission characteristics of the parallel strip lines (PSLs) are studied. Then a novel dual-band power divider using PSLs is introduced. It consists of four -form arms and one 180° phase swap structure. The -form arms are capable of achieving ideal impedance matching at two different frequency bands with an arbitrary power dividing ratio The 180° phase swap structure is frequency independent, which is used to obtain high port to port isolation. Theoretical analysis and general design procedure of this power divider with arbitrary and (central frequency ratio of two different frequency bands) are presented. Then, a sample operating at 1.3 and 3.5 GHz with and is fabricated and tested. Experimental results show that this power divider operates at the designed dual frequency bands, and the isolation is more than 20 dB. Good agreements among theoretical, simulated, and experimental results are obtained.

Dual-band unequal power divider with simplified structure

A new dual-band unequal power divider scheme is proposed with particular advantages in structural simplicity. The proposed divider employs only two stub lines without any additional lumped reactive elements and is only two cascaded sections long from the input to the output ports. The required number of transmission line sections and the stub lines is minimised by a novel combination of a stubbed dual-band power divider and single-stub, dual-band impedance matching networks through the application of the stub cancellation technique. A systematic design procedure is provided using a set of simple design formulas obtained from rigorous circuit analysis of the proposed divider.

Generalized Two-Way Two-Section Dual-Band Wilkinson Power Divider With Two Absorption Resistors and Its Miniaturization

A generalized two-way two-section dual-band Wilkinson power divider with two absorption resistors and its size-reduced model are presented. Design equations for dual-band and arbitrary power division are derived from modified even- and odd-mode analysis. The frequency ratio of the lower and upper band frequencies must be lower than three. The channel bandwidth is presented as a function of frequency ratio with mathematical expressions. A coupled line section is introduced to reduce circuit size based on the assumptions of linear phase characteristics and equal phase velocities of the even and odd modes. Two two-way dual-band power dividers, one three-way planar dual-band power divider, and one size-reduced dual-band power divider were fabricated. Experimental results were in good agreement with predicted values.

Controllable Dual-Band E-Plane Waveguide T-Junction Using Extended S-Shaped Ring Resonators

In this novel application, an X-band E-plane waveguide T-junction with an inductive septum is modified in the form of a dual-band power divider using a slab of S-shaped ring resonators in each arm of the junction. Results obtained from measurement and numerical simulations of a specific structure are presented. The results show that the structure can be used in a wide frequency band below cut-off frequency of the hollow waveguide T-junction with low insertion loss. Also, by using finite element simulation, it is shown that the frequency range of each of the two bands of operation can be adjusted by changing the slab substrate properties, permittivity, thickness, and its position inside each waveguide.

Novel Pi-type stepped-impedance-stub branch line and its application to dual-band power divider with high suppression of intermediate frequencies

A novel Pi-type branch line is constructed by using two shunt stepped-impedance stubs in this paper. Introducing the stepped-impedance stubs increases design degrees of freedom of this Pi-type line. This structure can be used to replace arbitrary single-section transmission line in microwave components. Meanwhile, by selecting proper parameters according to the given analytical theory, arbitrary dual-band operations can be realized. To verify the feature of this proposed structure, a dual-band (1.1 and 1.65 GHz) 3-dB Wilkinson power divider with measured 50-dB suppression at the mid band of 1.45 GHz is presented. Finally, experimental results verify the theoretical analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2360–2363, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26266