DSDV Routing Protocols Research Articles

Performance Analysis of TCP Variants Using AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols in MANETs

Background: TCP is the most reliable transport layer protocol that provides reliable data delivery from source to destination node. The background of TCP suggests that it works well in wired networks but it is assumed that TCP is less preferred for ad-hoc networks. However, for application in ad-hoc networks, TCP can be modified to improve its performance. Various researchers have proposed improvised variants of TCP by only one or two measures. Objective: These one or two measures do not seem to be sufficient for proper analysis of improvised version of TCP. Therefore, in this paper, our objective is to evaluate the performance of different TCP variants and their results are investigated with DSDV and AODV routing protocols. Methods: Our methodology includes the analysis of various performance measures such as throughput, delay, packet drop, packet delivery ratio and number of acknowledgements. The simulation results are carried out by varying number of nodes in network simulator tool NS2. Results: It is observed in results that TCP Newreno achieved higher throughput and packet delivery ratio with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols. Whereas TCP Vegas achieved minimum delay and packet loss with both DSDV and AODV protocol. However TCP sack achieved minimum acknowledgment with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols. Conclusion: The comparison of all these TCP variants helps in drawing conclusion that, TCP Newreno provides better performance with both AODV and DSDV protocols.

Enhanced-AODV Node Reliability Approach for MANET to Optimize Performance Metrics and Energy Consumption

Ad-hoc network is a network of moving wireless nodes which do not have a central or permanent influence over their connections. It is a mobile node device that is auto configured and connected to an arbitrary infrastructure through wireless connections. Therefore, due to the highly complex environment, MANET routing is acrucial activity. Various protocols are used to enhance the routing process, such that a network route is found between every transmitter and the host receiver. In this post, we modified the AODV protocol to increase the rate of throughput, end-to-end delays, and packet distribution, etc. We used ns3 simulator to compare the protocols AODV, DSDV, OLSR and Enhanced AODV. It is noteworthy that EAODV routing protocols perform much better than OLSR that the DSDV routing protocol provides high throughput, a lower latency and high delivery ratio of packages. In addition, our proposed energy efficient model has changed conventional AODV. Our improved EAODV protocol's overall performance is 3% superior to other conventional protocols.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CHORDAL RING NETWORK TOPOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF WIRELESS BROADBAND NETWORK

The expansion of networks involved higher jump on the users utilizing the networks resources, which may require extra higher bandwidth. Due to the development of technology especially those folded under the Internet of Things (IoT), the new demand of higher data rate is been witnesses among the users. In order to feed the demand of users with high data rate, broadband networks are required where high data rate can be ensured for each user. Broadband networks can be established using optical network that carries the data through wide broadband. Areas such as rural and forests sides which are witnessing plenty of natural obstacles such as mountains, trees, seas, etc. are forming big challenge for propagating a cable (wire) or optical network.
 Due to the limitations of the wire network, World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology has been introduced as substitution for the broadband network. Such kind of alternative can be deployed through any geographical area without concerning on the wire paths. WiMAX preserved large coverage area and hence it may not suffer from the signal hand-off as in the case of another wireless network. In this project, Chordal Ring network topology is implemented to enhance the performance of wireless broadband network. With different routing protocols such as Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol (DSDV) and Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), the network performance was examined for various Chordal Ring degree (e.g. fourth degree and fifth degree). Performance metrics such as number of transmitted packets, number of received packers, delivered packet rate (PDR), total number of drop packers (DP) and average queuing delay (been measured). Finally, the obtained results had been shown that fifth-degree Chordal Ring network is outperforming through DSDV routing protocol

Performance analysis of DSDV and OLSR wireless sensor network routing protocols using FPGA hardware and machine learning

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a self-organized network, contains sensor nodes deployed in particular regions to gather the environmental parameters and communicate the information to the base station directly through intermediate nodes. In recent times, WSN has gained attention from wireless device manufacturers, researchers, and users for remotely accessing and monitoring the information in diverse environments. The scalability and routing are the major concerns of the network. Apart from that, the performance of WSN depends on network simulation parameters such as delay, throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and control overhead. The research paper focused on the DSDV and OLSR routing protocol realization on the new hardware platform. The hardware chip of these protocols is designed in Xilinx ISE 14.7 software using VHDL, targeted on Virtex-5 FPGA. The node communication is verified on Modelsim 10.0 simulation software. The FPGA hardware and timing parameters are analyzed for different node clusters (N = 10, 20 …150) configuration. The OLSR routing protocol network performance parameters are used to build the machine learning prediction model using cluster tree regression, random forest regression, multiple regression, and K-means clustering. The K-means clustering predicted 99.12% and 98.50% accuracy in terms of the packet delivery ratio and throughput respectively.

Performance Evaluation of OMDV and DSDV Routing Protocols with Video Streaming on the Wireless Mesh Network

<p>Video Streaming is a method to deliver multimedia content that allow files to be used or watched directly without the need to download and save it. Video streaming also include image processing, in image processing there is a component to compare the value of an image, that is PSNR. This research will compare the reactive and proactive routing protocol performance of AOMDV and DSDV using PSNR, Packetloss, and Throughput parameters in Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) for video streaming. The simulation uses 4, 16, 36, 64, and 100 nodes. The results of this research is AOMDV routing protocol with the greater variation in the number of nodes and the distance between nodes resulting in higher packet loss, decreasing throughput and decreasing values of PSNR. While in DSDV routing protocol with the greater variation in the number of nodes and distance between nodes has an impact on the increase of packetloss value, a very drastic decrease throughput value compared with the AOMDV routing protocol, a decrease in PSNR value and in some scenarios does not produce PSNR values. The comparison of PSNR values between the two routing protocols are also influenced by variations in the number of nodes and distances between nodes along with packetloss and throughput parameters. The greater packetloss will decrease the PSNR value generated.</p>

An Energy-Efficient SDN Controller Architecture for IoT Networks With Blockchain-Based Security

Internet of Things (IoT) is a disruptive technology in many aspects of our society, ranging from communications to financial transactions to national security (e.g., Internet of Battlefield / Military Things), and so on. There are long-standing challenges in IoT, such as security, comparability, energy consumption, and heterogeneity of devices. Security and energy aspects play important roles in data transmission across IoT and edge networks, due to limited energy and computing (e.g., processing and storage) resources of networked devices. Whether malicious or accidental, interference with data in an IoT network potentially has real-world consequences. In this article, we explore the potential of integrating blockchain and software-defined networking (SDN) in mitigating some of the challenges. Specifically, we propose a secure and energy-efficient blockchain-enabled architecture of SDN controllers for IoT networks using a cluster structure with a new routing protocol. The architecture uses public and private blockchains for Peer to Peer (P2P) communication between IoT devices and SDN controllers, which eliminates Proof-of-Work (POW), as well as using an efficient authentication method with the distributed trust, making the blockchain suitable for resource-constrained IoT devices. The experimental results indicate that the routing protocol based on the cluster structure has higher throughput, lower delay, and lower energy consumption than EESCFD, SMSN, AODV, AOMDV, and DSDV routing protocols. In other words, our proposed architecture is demonstrated to outperform classic blockchain.

Node Disjoint Multiple Paths Routing Technique for Secure, Reliable and Confidential Data Transmission against Black Hole Attacks in MANET

The Ad-hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) is an extension of AODV protocol in the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). It utilizes the features of DSDV, DSR, and AODV Routing protocols for Secure, Reliable and confidential data transmission against the attacks in the MANET, but in black hole attack malicious nodes utilize the behavior of AODV and show its malicious behavior at the data transmission, it causes the loss of data packets. So to avoid this loss more researchers have been conducted several techniques for detection and put several efforts to prevent the Blackhole attacks. But still, it is not prevented completely, so this paper proposes a Node Disjoint Multiple paths routing algorithm technique on AOMDV against blackhole attacks in MANET and shows its better performance in Network Simulator (NS2).

Performance Analysis of MANET Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols Using Network Simulator 2

The development of Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) has the nature and character of a fast, costeffective. The development of Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) has the nature and character of a fast, cost-effective deployment and able to manage the topology independently. This has caused in recent years, MANET to be an interesting and popular thing to study. MANET can be applied even in difficult areas, forest fire detection, military operations and even health monitoring. Changes in the topology dynamically on MANET, limited energy consumption, and built without existing infrastructure are a problem in MANET. Problems especially dynamic topology changes make routing very important in MANET design. This article aims to analyze AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols based on quality of service (QoS). The test scenario is based on the number of nodes, packet size, area of simulation, simulation time, simulation speed, mobility model, and propagation model. The simulation that has been done produces 4 graphs, each of which explains the packet delivery ratio, throughput, network routing load, and delay. Simulation results are obtained using NS2 network simulators through *. Tcl files and generate *. Tr (trace) and *.nam (animator) files. Simulation results show that the DSR routing protocol has better performance than AODV and DSDV in terms of pdr, throughput, network routing load, and delay. The average value of the DSR routing protocol is 657,498 on throughput and 0.244 milliseconds on delay.

Assessing the performance of different TCP congestion mechanisms in underwater wireless sensor networks

Data transmission in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is one of the key enablers used in technologies for future ocean-monitoring systems and other underwater applications. The use of acoustic waves in UWSNs suffer from a high propagation delay, as well as a limited available bandwidth due to the high-noise level, making the use of the different traditional existing protocols a major challenge in this environment. In this paper, we have chosen two TCP mechanisms already defined: TCP Vegas and TCP New Reno, to evaluate the effects of variable TCP packet size and TCP connection density in a subsea network under two common routing protocols, namely AODV and DSDV. The simulation results show that the performances of the two TCPs using DSDV routing protocol provide a more efficient result than those using the AODV routing protocol and that New Reno TCP gives better results than Vegas TCP in the UWSNs.

Comparative Performance Analysis of DSDV, DSR and OLSR Routing Protocols to Determine the Best Suited Routing Approach through Simulation in Mobile Wimax Network

Comparative Performance Analysis of DSDV, DSR and OLSR Routing Protocols to Determine the Best Suited Routing Approach through Simulation in Mobile Wimax Network

Data Collection and Performance Analysis of Wireless Communication to improve Quality of Service

A wirelessly appointed system is an accumulation of progressively framing some of moving hubs or mobile nodes or a transitory non-foundation organize without the utilization of any present system foundation. Because of the constrained range of correspondence between portable hubs in the impromptu organize, a few system expectations might be required to send a packet starting with one hub then onto the next in the wireless system. A scope of particular routing conventions have been depicted in most recent years that address multi-hub wirelessly appointed system and their proficiency issues are examined. In this paper, use the NS2.34 network simulator to compare Mobile Ad-Hoc network routing protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR. In this investigation of the effectiveness of routing conventions in systems when changing association parameters (traffic load, portability, arrange size). This archive experiences broad examination among routing performance for AODV, DSDV, DSR routing. For model, packet delivery ratio, delay, number of packet sent, number of packets received, throughput are analyze and also to look at these conventions to check the best routing conventions for Quality of Service in the network.

Perfomance Evaluation of AODV and DSDV Routing Protocol in Vehicle Adhoc Network With NS2

Here, the Limitation frameworks assume a remarkable job in various applications for transport unplanned Networks (VANETs). A standout among-st the foremost intriguing problems to be settled with regards to transport networks is that the manner by that to convey anywhere and whenever terribly precise and dependable restriction knowledge. outstanding attributes of VANETs, as an example, skilfulness needs, driver's conduct and therefore the quick uprooting nature of vehicles cause fast and steady changes in system topology, prompting dispersion of obsolete confinement knowledge. To evade this issue, Associate in Nursing possibility is that the utilization of anticipated future areas of vehicles. The principle thought of this technique is to utilize the restriction expectation as Associate in nursing enlargement of Associate in nursing info combination confinement framework. In such a technique, a destiny role of a automobile is expected for a given destiny time and wont to exploit a destiny time-space window of a vectorial path as in opposition to a static confinement reason. at some stage in this paper, it’s contributed to study this problem by considering and breaking down the employment of restrict expectation as characteristic approach to reinforce VANET programs. It’s contributed to study planned methodologies for confinement, target following and time arrangement expectation systems which will be utilized to assess true and the longer term position of a vehicle. It’s contributed to likewise feature their focal points Associate in nursing impediments through informative dialog imagery its potential application things in VANETs. It’s contributed to gift tons of trials that demonstrate the results of such systems once connected to a sensible VANET.

A Throughput Based Fuzzy System In MANET

In mobile ad-hoc network, throughput is very important performance parameter. It depends upon different other network parameters like speed of nodes, pause time, density of nodes. To obtain a desired throughput in mobile ad-hoc network, a fuzzy based throughput calculation work has been performed in this paper. In this work, DSDV routing protocol is implemented in two steps: one is fuzzy based system and another is network simulation based scenarios. Designing the rule based fuzzy system and evaluating the DSDV routing protocol in network simulator work is carried out in this research work. Throughput is considered as main performance parameter for evaluating the table driven protocol. Fuzzy system is designed using one input parameter throughput and four output parameters like pause time, maximum speed, node density, and maximum number of connections. An input will be given by the user and based on that input value; other output parameter values will be calculated by the fuzzy system. In network simulator based scenario, varying the maximum number of connections, maximum speed, pause times, number of nodes, different scenarios were generated and routing protocol’s performance is evaluated.

Swarm Intelligence based efficient routing algorithm for platooning in VANET through Ant Colony Optimization

Today’s era is of smart technology, Computing intelligence and simulations. Many areas are now fully depended on simulation results for implementing real time workflow. Worldwide researchers and many automobile consortium are working to make intelligent Vehicular Ad hoc Network but till yet it is just a theory-based permutation. If we take VANET routing procedures then it is mainly focussing on AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols. Similarly, one more area of Swarm Intelligence is also attained attention of industry and researchers. Due the behavior of dynamic movement of vehicle and ants, Ant Colony Optimization is best suited for VANET performance simulations. Much of the work has already done and in progress for routing protocols in VANET but not focused on platooning techniques of vehicle nodes in VANET. In our research idea, we came up with a hypothesis that proposes efficient routing algorithm that made platooning in VANET optimized by minimizing the average delay waiting and stoppage time. In our methodology, we have used OMNET++, SUMO, Veins and Traci for testing of our hypothesis. Parameters that we took into consideration are end-to-end delay as an average, packet data delivery ratio, throughput, data packet size, number of vehicle nodes etc. Swarm Intelligence has proved a way forward in VANET scenarios and simulation for more accurate results. In this paper, we implemented Ant Colony Optimization technique in VANET simulation and proved through results that if it integrates with VANET routing scenarios then result will be at its best.

Analisis Pengaruh Metode LET Pada Protokol Routing Proaktif dan Reaktif Pada Jaringan MANET

Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector Protocol (DSDV) is a proactive protocols available in Ad-Hoc mobile network where this protocol is not suitable for use on networks with high mobility because DSDV needs to update routing tables regularly if there is a link between nodes that is disconnected because there are nodes that move out of the transmission signal range and the AODV protocol is a protocol that matches high mobility because it is reactive. So that in a stable route search can be done by selecting a route that has a small chance of being interrupted. LET algorithm is used in the DSDV protocol to find the most stable route by knowing the estimated time between two nodes to remain connected based on the position, speed and range of the transmission signal then compared with the AODV routing protocol based on parameters such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and delay. The results showed that the S-DSDV routing protocol has better performance than the standard DSDV routing protocol.
 Key words : DSDV, Link Expiration Time, AODV, MANET, Routing Protocol

A Relative Study of Various Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure fewer networks built on a multihop conveying idea. It transmits data from base node to end node. Because MANETS don’t have any fixed infrastructure and it works in a distributed manner. For efficient communication, many routing protocols are used in MANET. Routing protocols are to find a new route to transmit data from base to accurate end through the midway nodes. Every in-between node is act as a router. So, this paper is covers the routing protocols AODV, DSR, DSDV and OLSR to keep current routing information from every node to each other nodes. The purpose of this paper to offers a relative study of routing protocols in MANET and energy aware performance metrics are analyzed on two routing protocols of AODV and DSDV.

Multicast routing for mesh-based using DSR in wireless sensor network

Multicast routing is helpful to establish group communication for sharing, transmitting the data or message from one stream to another stream within a network. The Multicasting Routing protocol is a vast challenging research area. Different routing algorithms erect based upon various domain or various applications. Some common on-demand multicasting routing algorithms are DSR, DSDV and Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP). The usage of multicasting in DSR has many advantages. It can reduce the cost of transmission and improves efficiency when transmitting information between wireless networks. The major complexity for designing a routing protocol in network is the dynamic change in the topology, due to random movement of nodes. When large number of nodes is deployed over a network, we use multicast approach to find the optimal path to the multiple destinations. In this paper, using MATLAB tool, find the parameters like time and energy consumed for mesh network using DSR mesh-based routing protocol and find optimal path using energy efficient multicast approach.

Comparative Analysis of Clustering using AODV DSDV and CBRP

In a network whether wireless or wired, a set of protocols which are used to distribute the information through various routes between the nodes are said to be the routing protocols which serves as a majorly vital part of the computer networks. They specify the particular and specific path of information exchange by the sending and receiving of packets. Vehicular ad- hoc networks are quite emerging technologies of today’s era presenting the provision of seamless and uninterrupted communication in the network of mobile nodes in dynamic environment. Routing itself proves to be quite a considerable and crucial challenge where the routing protocol named AODV performs its best by proving itself considerably more efficient. The stated paper focuses on the Performance comparison of the conventional protocols AODV and DSDV where AODV outperforms DSDV and offers better QoS but such conventional protocol proves to be inauspicious in VANET. This paper gives verification of better QoS of cluster based routing protocol CBR over the conventional routing protocols. The Simulation and comparison results have been carried out in Network Simulator NS-2 to briefly elaborate the impact of AODV DSDV and CBR routing protocols on the bases of Throughput, Normalized Routing Load, Control overheads, delay, Jitter and Packet drop ratio as performance metrics.

A hybrid active queue management technique for QoS based unicasting protocols in MANETs

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is the interconnection of several self-energy dependent mobile nodes. It is one of the self-configured and infrastructure less network. In MANET the issues are security, Quality Of Services, Congestion etc. The major issue of MANET is to control the congestion. Congestion means the network capacity is larger than the no of packets transmitted across the network. In this paper, an effort has been made to evaluate and analyze the performance of the network by means of comparing two on-demand reactive routing protocols such as AODV [Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector] and DSR [Dynamic Source Routing] with each other along with also by comparing with DSDV [Destination Sequenced Distance Vector], which is a proactive routing protocol. The comparison is also being made under the light of two queue management techniques such as RED (Random Early Detection) and Droptail. A gateway discovery algorithm is being used by both AODV and DSR routing protocols, which uses the mechanism of connecting mobile nodes through gateway, however Bellman-Ford algorithm is being used by DSDV which uses the concept of including freedom from loops in the routing table. By means of simulation through NS-2 network simulator by varying the number of nodes, we observe that the performance differentials of AODV, DSR, and DSDV routing protocols are directed to foremost performance differentials to guarantee QoS for both of these protocols in RED and Droptail queue management techniques. There is a lot of queue management approach to minimize the congestion rate and transfer the data successfully to the destination. Two queue management techniques popularly used to manage queues in MANets are Active queue management and Passive queue management. Active queue management is widely used and RED is the most popular approach which gives low average delay, high throughput and lower packet drop rate. But RED algorithms have some drawback. So here we are using a hybrid approach, named as MRED by means of combining the features of both RED and ECN to overcome the drawbacks of RED.

Comparison of AODV, DSR, and DSDV Routing Protocols in a Wireless Network

Comparison of AODV, DSR, and DSDV Routing Protocols in a Wireless Network