Drafting System Research Articles

Military Losses and Public Support for Domestic Counterinsurgency

When does the public support domestic counterinsurgency? Do military casualties decrease support for fighting, as during overseas wars? I theorize conditions under which government losses move public opinion against continued counterinsurgency. These are features common to many civil wars: asymmetric combat, an isolated military theater, and socially marginalized insurgents. Evidence comes from a 2010 survey regarding war in southern Thailand. Combining information on the Royal Thai Army's draft system and deployments, I show that army fatalities from a respondent's area predict support for implementing southern autonomy as a means of ending insurgency. As a placebo comparison, I show that army fatalities in the southern campaign do not explain support for compromise in an unrelated conflict in Bangkok. Respondents' assessments of the toll of southern insurgency also predict support for autonomy. This is the first study to show military losses depress support for counterinsurgency in a contemporary civil war.

Method of condition monitoring of rotor windings of the medium voltage induction motors of power plant auxiliaries in start-up modes

A promising method of monitoring rotor winding condition of induction electric motors ensuring higher reliability of their operation is spectral analysis of the external magnetic field signal. Modern methods of external magnetic field analysis use only the spectrum of this signal in the steady-state operation mode, which does not allow effective monitoring on a number of medium voltage electric motors of power plant auxiliaries operating with long start-ups (for example, machines with variable load, with a double squirrel cage, etc.). It is possible to evaluate the rotor winding condition of such machines in start-up modes, which means that an important task is to study the frequency-time spectra of the external magnetic field of the above-mentioned electric motors and to develop a method for monitoring the state of their rotor windings in the startup mode. In the study, the authors used two-dimensional models of two different types of motors representing drives of the mechanisms of draft systems at power stations. Both models are developed in the ANSYS software package. The calculation of the external magnetic field was carried out using the finite element method. The modelling was done for cases with or without defects. Signal processing was per-formed using the Fourier window transform method in the MatLab software package. Frequency-time spectra of the external magnetic field were built in the start-up mode on models of the investigated induction motors with the following defects: with dynamic eccentricity, with one broken bar of the rotor winding and without the indicated defects. The research results allowed us to develop a method for monitoring the rotor winding state of medium voltage electric motors of power plant auxiliaries operating with long start-ups. The method is based on detecting lower side frequencies of the fictitious rotor winding harmonics in the frequency-time spectrum during the startup. Their specific feature is «reflection» in the spectrum from the time axis. The developed method of monitoring rotor winding condition of the above-mentioned induction electric motors allows increasing the reliability of their operation by timely detection of faults in the rotor windings.

Turbo jet engine nozzle design optimization to reduce noise

An attempt has been made through this research work for developing single air jet nozzles and the production of single jet yarns using newly developed single head single jet yarn spinning unit. The fiber losses and end breakages during the production of sliver fed and roving fed 40s Ne cotton, 50s Ne viscose and 60s Ne polyester single jet yarns were observed in designed 21 nozzles. Regular ring yarns, Suessen regular compact yarns and newly introduced Suessen D-slot compact yarns, Murata air jet yarn and Murata air vortex yarns were produced and compared with single jet yarns. The design and development of single jet nozzle was carried out in three phases in this research work. The developed nozzles consist of air inlet chamber, wrapper fiber chamber, false twist chamber and fascinated yarn chamber. In the first phase, 1-11 Nozzles were developed with different dimensions. In the second phase 12-16 nozzles were developed with Inner flanged type wrapper fiber chambers in various air feed angle such as 45o, 50o, 55o, 60 o and 65o. In third phase 17-21 nozzles were developed with rectangular shape type wrapper fibre chambers in various air feed angle such as 45o, 50o, 55o, 60 o and 65o.Using experiment and slip-up principle, trails were conducted using above 21 developed nozzles. Single head single jet spinning unit has been designed and developed. It consists of drafting zone, air jet nozzle zone and winding zone. With the help of servo motor arrangements and 4/4 drafting system, it was designed to provide the draft range of 10-250 and to run the unit up to 150 m/min. Developed nozzles were critically analyzed and significance of sliver feeding over roving feeding using 40s Ne cotton, 50s Ne viscose and 60s Ne polyester yarns were analyzed. Through the various developed nozzles, design parameters such as two different wrapper fibre chambers, five different air feed angle and five air pressures totally 300 samples were produced.

Ignoring millions of Euros: Transfer fees and sunk costs in professional football

According to neoclassical economics, sunk costs should be ignored in the decision-making process. Although experimental evidence tells us that subjects often fail to do so, field evidence for this behaviour remains scarce. Most empirical articles use data from draft systems in professional sports and analyse whether a player’s draft order affects his time on the pitch. In contrast to the draft system, European football teams frequently spend large amounts of money on transfer fees. The discrepancy between fee-bound and free transfers arouses suspicion to encounter the sunk-cost fallacy among football managers. Using data from Germany, I investigate whether this is indeed the case, i.e. that player utilisation is affected by initially paid transfer fees. I hereby contribute to the literature in three ways. To the best of my knowledge, I am the first to examine the sunk-cost fallacy in European sports and professional football. Second, I am able to control for confounding factors previous studies have expressed concern about. Third, I conduct the analysis on the level of individual matches, thereby obtaining a sample size many times larger than that of comparable studies. Unlike the majority of previous articles that studied the sunk-cost fallacy in the context of professional sports, I am unable to find evidence supporting this behavioural bias on a seasonal level. A more detailed analysis on the match level reveals a sunk-cost effect which, however, is economically negligible and decreases with a player’s tenure. The results therefore corroborate a rational behaviour among professional sports team managers.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNANCE SYSTEM IN BODIES OF MUNICIPAL POWER WHILE REALIZING PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS

The article provides findings of the research of governance system for municipal programs and projects, grounds the need and summarizes stages of the governance system development in bodies of municipal power. On this basis the authors formulate the tasks of raising efficiency of the governance system and forecast future academic results in the form of methodological recommendations dealing with the development of the system of small business support based on the system of balanced indicators and patters of processes of governing the implementation of programs supporting entrepreneurship. Academic novelty is an approach to considering the governance system of municipal administration, where focus is made on managing programs and projects as one of the most important tools of developing the municipal structure. The importance of adaptation and use of modern tested technologies of governance is underlined as in many municipal structures there are no practices of using such tools. The author classifies the levels of systems of municipal governance, which consists of five stages and shows the key set of governance tools: the draft system of balanced indicators, composition of appraisals of the quality of program and project implementation, methodological recommendations connected with designing and developing the governance system and with configuration of processes of project office in the system of managing program and project implementation in the municipal structure.

LNG Regasification Terminals: The Role of Geography and Meteorology on Technology Choices

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects are regulated by host countries, but policy and regulation should depend on geography and meteorology. Without considering the role of geography and meteorology, sub-optimal design choices can result, leading to energy conversion efficiency and capital investment decisions that are less than ideal. A key step in LNG is regasification, which transforms LNG back from liquid to the gaseous state and requires substantial heat input. This study investigated different LNG regasification technologies used around the world and benchmarked location and meteorology-related factors, such as seawater temperatures, ambient air temperatures, wind speeds and relative humidity. Seawater vaporizers are used for more than 95% of locations subject to water quality. Ambient air conditions are relatively better for South America, India, Spain and other Asian countries (Singapore, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand) and provide a much cleaner regasification technology option for natural and forced draft systems and air-based intermediate fluid vaporizers. On a global basis, cold energy utilization currently represents <1% of the total potential, but this approach could deliver nearly 12 Gigawatt (GW) per annum. Overall, climate change is expected to have a positive financial impact on the LNG regasification industry, but the improvement could be unevenly distributed.

Becoming White: How Mass Warfare Turned Immigrants into Americans

How do groups on the social periphery assimilate into the social core of a nation? I develop a theory of cultural assimilation that highlights the way in which mass mobilization around warfare can reduce ethnic stratifications by incorporating low-status ethnic groups into the dominant national culture. To test the theory, I focus on the case of World War I in the United States -- a period that closely followed a massive wave of immigration into the United States. Using an instrumental variables strategy exploiting the combination of the exogenous timing of the war and features of the draft system, I show that individuals of foreign, European nativity -- especially, the Italians and Eastern Europeans -- were more likely to assimilate into American society. I also provide evidence of backlash against Germans despite their service for the United States in World War I. The theory and results contribute to our understanding of the ways in which states make identity and the prospects for immigrant assimilation in an age without mass warfare.

Development of an Electrospinning Drafting System

Electrospinning is a straightforward, cheap and unique method to produce novel fibers with diameter in the range of 100 nm and even less. Those nanofibers have a wide variety of applications such as: filters, membranes, composite reinforcement, drug delivery, protective barriers, sensors, wound dressings and tissue-engineered scaffolds where their unique properties contribute to product functionality. However, this process is characterized by a chaotic oscillation of the electrospinning jet which leads to the formation of beads an uneven nanofibers. This research work envisages the development of an apparatus to control the deposition of electrospun nanofibers through the use of a series of charged metal rings and the addition of a secondary power source, which enables a greater control over the polymer jet stream.

Dynamic simulation studies for boiler draft

Increasingly strict NOx and SOx emission limits demand the fossil and fuel fired power industry to upgrade their gas treatment system with Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) equipment. To compensate for the additional pressure drop the new equipment introduces into the flue gas path due, the existing induced draft (ID) fans need to be replaced with higher head fans or new booster fans. This requires new duct work to connect the equipment. While the new duct work can be designed considering the new operating conditions, the existing duct work may not have been designed with these unanticipated changes and hence may be at risk of implosion and mechanical damage. This paper examines how a high-fidelity process and control model of the air, furnace, and flue gas path of a coal fired power plant is developed for a transient analysis study by using a dynamic simulation platform – DYNSIM. Also included is a case-study which evaluated the processes dynamics of a 225MW unit. The objective of the study was to ensure design safety by evaluating the process dynamics of the unit prior to retrofitting the unit’s draft system. The model, validated with historian data and design data, was used to evaluate the air and flue gas system pressure fluctuations in response to upsets such as fan trips and runaways. The resulting pressures were then available for use as a basis for the duct work design.

Cement Plant Fan Efficiency Upgrades

The preheater induced draft (ID) fan, the raw mill fan, and the baghouse ID fan are all major consumers of electrical power in a cement plant. Given such a fierce, competitive marketplace, it is wise, if not imperative, to evaluate these fans and their draft systems to optimize operating efficiency to save input horsepower and, in turn, consumed electrical power. These power-reducing upgrades can also substantially reduce the emissions and the overall carbon footprint of the process. An opportunity arose at a cement plant while the rotor of one of the preheater ID fans was becoming a maintenance issue and reaching the end of its operational life. The foresight of plant personnel reasoned that if it had to be replaced, an upgrade of the rotor should be considered, particularly considering the fact that their electricity provider was offering rebates for power savings. This paper presents a case history including all the challenges along the way to replace the original, antiquated radial blade rotor design with a more efficient, properly selected, and modern backward curved design. The result of this commitment to modernization dramatically lowered the input electrical requirements creating considerable operational savings with an attractive rate on the return of investment.

Manufacturing nanofibrous bundles and the roller drafting effects on the bundle properties

This research reports a new product form made of nanofibers and the method used to produce it. Nanofibers are electrospun into a web form on a moving collector and the web is continuously transformed into a bundle by passage through a condenser. Since the web is made of loops of nanofibers and peeled off from the collector surface, the condensed bundle deforms very easily and is too weak for further processing. Thus, the bundle is drafted through a roller drafting system to improve the fiber array in the bundle length direction in various levels of draft temperature, since the temperature may affect the bundle drafting process and thus the bundle properties. Using a newly designed system, we tried to produce nanofibrous bundle of polyvinylidiene difluoride. The nanofiber arrangement and the tensile properties of the bundle were measured before and after the roller drafting process under various conditions. Results showed that the technology suggested in this paper had the feasibility to manufacture a new product form composed of nanofibers, which implied the possible improvement of the productivity and product quality. Thickness reduction of the bundle occurring during the roller drafting straightened the nanofiber loops in the bundle and rearranged the nanofibers along the bundle axis. The drafting process was affected by the process temperature. Uni-axial tensile tests demonstrated that the bundle strength reached 4.8 cN/tex, and the strain at breakage was 0.087, when the draft ratio was 4.0 and the temperature 110 °C, whereas the raw nanofiber bundle in process had a strength of 0.014 cN/tex and the strain at breakage of 0.65. The thickness of the constituent nanofibers was not significantly affected by drafting.

Research on fiber distribution in front draft zone of super high draft ring spinning based on cut-middles method

A super draft ring spinning machine was designed to spin high-count cotton yarns. It was equipped with four-line draft system (FLDS) and four aprons. For yarns spun on FLDS, it often occurs that yarn unevenness increased compared with three-line draft system (TLDS). In the paper, by cut-middles method, the fiber distribution in front draft zone of FLDS draft system was studied, and corresponding yarn qualities were analyzed. First, comparison analysis of yarn quality between FLDS and TLDS was presented. Cotton yarns of 9.7 and 7.3 tex were spun by TLDS and FLDS ring spinning machine, respectively. The results shows that for 9.7 tex cotton yarn, slower fibers in yarns spun on FLDS are more than that in yarns spun on TLDS. For FLDS, the friction field at the back of front draft zone is stronger, which improves yarn evenness. However, for 7.3 tex cotton yarn, accelerated point of fibers on FLDS is nearer to nipper bite of front roller than that on TLDS. Thus, evenness of yarns spun on FLDS is better. Then, 4.9 tex cotton yarn was taken as an example, and they were spun by four kinds of draft distributions on FLDS. The results indicate that for 4.9 tex cotton yarns spun by 64.1 × 1.60 × 1.15, slower fibers at the back of front draft zone are mostly found. And accelerated point of fibers is nearest to nipper bite of front roller. Therefore, 4.9 tex cotton yarns spun by 64.1 × 1.60 × 1.15 have best yarn evenness.

Biochar Application in Malaysian Sandy and Acid Sulfate Soils: Soil Amelioration Effects and Improved Crop Production over Two Cropping Seasons

The use of biochar as an agricultural soil improvement was tested in acid sulfate and sandy soils from Malaysia, cropped with rice and corn. Malaysia has an abundance of waste rice husks that could be used to produce biochar. Rice husk biochar was produced in a gasifier at a local mill in Kelantan as well as in the laboratory using a controlled, specially designed, top lift up draft system (Belonio unit). Rice husk biochar was applied once to both soils at two doses (2% and 5%), in a pot set up that was carried out for two cropping seasons. Positive and significant crop yield effects were observed for both soils, biochars and crops. The yield effects varied with biochar type and dosage, with soil type and over the cropping seasons. The yield increases observed for the sandy soil were tentatively attributed to significant increases in plant-available water contents (from 4%–5% to 7%–8%). The yield effects in the acid sulfate soil were likely a consequence of a combination of (i) alleviation of plant root stress by aluminum (Ca/Al molar ratios significantly increased, from around 1 to 3–5) and (ii) increases in CEC. The agricultural benefits of rice husk biochar application to Malaysian soils holds promise for its future use.

Selective Service, the Gender-Ordered Family, and the Rational Informality of the American State

How do gender relations regulate the American state? To answer this question the author examines archival material on the formation and operation of the Selective Service System during World War I, the understudied federal American draft system. She shows how the federal government vested local draft board members with the authority to determine on a subjective, case-by-case basis whether potential draftees were genuine breadwinners in determining whom to draft and who would receive dependency-based deferments. Informal rules of thumb about the gender-ordered family structured the First World War draft. By analyzing the Selective Service System and by placing feminist political sociology, scholarship in the American political development tradition, and Weberian scholarship on the modern state in critical dialogue with one another, the author identifies how the American state’s locally applied substantive rationality relied on the family’s gender hierarchy in ordering its rational informality. Gender relations thereby rationalized the state’s local informality.

Dependency as a Keyword of the American Draft System and Persistence of Male-only Registration

How has male-only draft registration been ideologically justified in the United States? Feminist International Relations and Security Studies scholars would, correctly, point to the strong association between masculinity and militarism in explaining the preservation of male-only registration. I argue, however, that feminist political-sociological scholarship on the centrality of the male breadwinner/female caregiver distinction to numerous federal programs sheds light on ideological justification for women’s exclusion from draft registration. Much like other federal programs, concerns with women’s dependency and men’s economic independence shaped the Selective Service System in 1917. Fear of unraveling the family’s sexual division of labor persisted when Congress renewed all-male draft registration in 1980, a position to which the Supreme Court deferred in 1981. I conclude by arguing that the draft’s problematic nature would endure if women were required to register with Selective Service and that the new arrangement would likely reproduce multiple inequalities.

Maintaining the integrity of the AFL’s draft and salary cap systems

To retain the integrity of its draft and salary cap systems it is essential that the AFL provided suitable penalties for recent breaches of both systems. While COLA has been viewed by its critics as providing the two Sydney clubs additional money under the their salary caps, a suggested compromise is to keep the allowance for players on the lower end of the AFL salary scale, but phase it out for those on the higher salaries.

Study the Specifications of the Thread through the Construction of the Pipe on the Ring Spinning Machine

In ring spinning, tension develops in the yarn mainly because, to move the Traveler and the balloon length, Lb, around the spindle axis, and to wind the yarn onto the spinning bobbin, work must be done against the frictional force of the ring on the Traveler and of the Traveler on the yarn, as well as against the air drag on the Traveler and on the balloon length. This work is additional to that needed to overcome the friction of the spindle bearings and the air drag on the forming yarn package. The tensions in the yarn during ring spinning may be considered with respect to three zones: 1) the yarn formation zone (i.e., the zone between the pigtail lappet guide and the front rollers of the drafting system); 2) the winding zone (i.e., the zone between the Traveler and the bobbin forming zone); 3) the balloon zone (i.e., the zone between the Traveler and lappet guide), where the yarn tension changes noticeable shape by relation with Winding Qatar (the yarn tension increases whenever Winding Qatar reduces).

Cad Development - User Custom Drafting Extensions

Many companies use Computer-Aided Design & Drafting (CADD) systems to create design drawings. Using CADD design as a replacement of the manual drafting method is only a fraction of its potential. The work that is done repeatedly can be in most cases performed automatically through customization. Customization of standard CAD packages can significantly increase productivity. The custom functions and programs can extend the capabilities of CAD packages to perform a wide range of drafting tasks. The paper discusses a customization strategy intended to facilitate completion of some repetitive drafting tasks in mechanical drafting process. One way to extend the capabilities of AutoCAD is by creating and using blocks. Blocks are useful for creating repeated content, such as standard components. The Dynamic Blocks feature enables user to modify blocks by adding parameters, actions, constraints that increase the versatility and power of the blocks. The paper presents two examples in creating and using dynamic blocks in order to save time and get maximum benefits of AutoCAD features. The first example shows a way to manage bolted joints drawing process by defining parameters and actions to the joint standard components. The second one presents a way to define and use a dynamic block with parametric design for radial ball bearings. The customization approach presented, developed for basic AutoCAD package, is intended for automating quite common tasks in mechanical design drafting. The major advantage of customization is the significant increase of drafting productivity.

여자프로농구(WKBL)의 문제점 및 변화에 대한 연구

This study aims to grasp the problems in WKBL so seek for effiiecnt and long-term solution based on thein-depth interview of 10 members from Korea Women``s Basketbalal nd relevant organizations, case studies ,previous researches, literature review and field experience. Followings are the key points of this research. Firstly, it is urgent for WKBL to replace of their players because it is closely related with absent of star playersin pro-league, aging phenomenon in key players and system of Korean National Team. Secondly, poor practicing surroundings, low level of education and uncertain future to become women``sprofessional players have brought Women``s Basketball into crissi. Moreover, WKBL``s draft system which appointsplayers who are not only ready for mentally but also physically(performance skills) cause a vicious circleand due to this reason, we are facing to lose outstanding rookies. Thirdly, even though it is hard to call WKBL as a pro-league, aech basketball clubs and WKBL has madeendless effort to overcome this poor surrounding. This effort hsowed as a positive point for development o fWKBL in long-term perspective. WKBL has been facing difficult situation such as poor Basketball Arena facilities,club``s deficit operations and financial difficulty, theya ttempt to many ways with local community and tr yto innovation by wkbl reform committee with various events . In addition, each club should develop a marketingstrategy which can draws audience to visit the arena as well as attract local people. Lately, through reorganizing the related organizations such asK orea Basketball Association(KBA), Women``sKorea Basketball League(WKBL), Korea Basketball League(KBL) and Korea University BasketballFederation(KUBF), they should develop not only unified but also cooperative system which can bring the nationalattention into the Basketball. Furthermore, star players should actively involve in the various area to createbasketball boom in Korea. Those activities will enhance women``s basketball to become a national sports.

Implementation of E-Demand Draft

demand draft is an online Demand Draft generating application. E-demand draft is an application which will help us to generate a demand draft online by the user itself. Thus this application will reduce the work of the banks and will help the customer to get a new facility at their place as result both can reduce their time of work. For each sub-task some classical and updated methods in literatures are analyzed. Based on the study, an combined solution for implementation of E-demand draft developed for demonstration. Demonstration program is coded in .NET. For the program, some optimization at coding level and existing system level are proposed to improve the performance of online Demand Draft system. This system is shown by generating Demand Draft sitting at home and taking print out of the generated Demand Draft on stamped sheet provided by the bank.