Drafting System Research Articles

The Development of Profibus/Modbus Gateway in Aluminum Roasting Draught System

In the implementation and design of the industrial control system, due to the difference between various processing equipment manufacturers, the communication protocol is not compatible with the existing systems or equipments that greatly reduce the process operation efficiency and the production efficiency of enterprises. This paper introduces the gateway communication between Siemens S7-400 PLC and the flue gas purification air subsystems in roasting, as well as gives a detailed discussion on communicational gateway board between Profibus-DP and Modbus-RTU, as well as the embedded software development.

Lead Us Not into Tanktation: A Simulation Modelling Approach to Gain Insights into Incentives for Sporting Teams to Tank

Annual draft systems are the principal method used by teams in major sporting leagues to recruit amateur players. These draft systems frequently take one of three forms: a lottery style draft, a weighted draft, or a reverse-order draft. Reverse-order drafts can create incentives for teams to deliberately under-perform, or tank, due to the perceived gain from obtaining quality players at higher draft picks. This paper uses a dynamic simulation model that captures the key components of a win-maximising sporting league, including the amateur player draft, draft choice error, player productivity, and between-team competition, to explore how competitive balance and incentives to under-perform vary according to league characteristics. We find reverse-order drafts can lead to some teams cycling between success and failure and to other teams being stuck in mid-ranking positions for extended periods of time. We also find that an incentive for teams to tank exists, but that this incentive decreases (i) as uncertainty in the ability to determine quality players in the draft increases, (ii) as the number of teams in the league reduces, (iii) as team size decreases, and (iv) as the number of teams adopting a tanking strategy increases. Simulation models can be used to explore complex stochastic dynamic systems such as sports leagues, where managers face difficult decisions regarding the structure of their league and the desire to maintain competitive balance.

The Sleeve-Cap Part Drafting Method of the General-Purpose Sleeve Pattern and the Verification of Compatibility

This study devised and drew custom sleeve patterns by using a regression equation with the data from 7 models along with the sleeve that was slightly modified to make the general-purpose sleeve pattern. To devise a general-purpose sleeve pattern, the sleeve pattern was drawn as an object for comparison by applying the Bunka drafting system (sleeve pattern by the Bunka drafting system) to the basic upper garment. Actual sleeves, made by using the three types of patterns above, were created and tested by models. Next, 30 panel members participated in a sight test of the compatibility of the sleeves to examine the validity of the sleeve drafting method acquired using the regression equation. The test proved that the custom sleeve pattern and the general-purpose sleeve pattern were more suitable for the characteristics of arm structures. Thus, the new sleeve-cap part drafting method using the regression equation was shown to have validity. As a result, since a very significant correlation was obtained for the body measurement figures and the basic pattern of the adequate basic pattern of the sleeves, this study concludes that it is possible to come up with primary data that can be widely used by increasing the number of subjects.

Effect of Nozzle Structural Parameters on Hairiness of Compact-Jet Yarns

Hairiness significantly influences the appearance of yarns and fabrics. New methods and spinning systems have been offered to reduce it. Nevertheless, there is still the quest for easy, low-cost processes to produce good quality yarns with reduced hairiness. Therefore, due to its considerable importance for spun yarns, we worked on a new spinning method to decrease yarn hairiness. Many researchers have been studying the use of air nozzles in the spinning and also the winding processes, and they indicated that hairiness decreases by up to 40–50%. From this point, we investigated the use of an air nozzle on a compact spinning system and discussed the effect on yarn hairiness. The nozzle was positioned at the exit of the drafting system on a RoCoS compact spinning system and pressurized air was fed into the nozzle by the compressor during spinning. We called the combination of an air nozzle and a compact spinning system a Compact-Jet spinning system. In the literature, there are no such trials. At the end of the study, it was determined that a Compact-Jet spinning system truly improves hairiness by up to 40% in comparison to the compact spinning system and by up to 70% compared with the conventional ring spinning system. Regarding the nozzle structural parameters, the changes in hairiness indicate that the main hole diameter and nozzle outlet design make the most important contributions in reducing yarn hairiness; whereas the injector angle and nozzle head type show weaker effects. As a result, the Compact-Jet can be considered as an innovative spinning system providing the opportunity to produce less hairy yarn. Additionally, we believe that this study makes an important contribution to the research activities in the spinning field and its associated literature.

Effect of accelerated point distribution on sliver irregularity. Part II: optimization of draft settings in two-zone roller drafting system

Accelerated point distribution plays a dominant role in discussing sliver irregularity in drafting. This paper, which is based on a theory developed in an earlier publication, proposes a new method to optimize the draft settings using the minimum coefficient of variation (CV) of fiber accelerated point. The new approach offers advantages over the traditional regressed optimal drafted settings (to yield the least weight variation in drafted slivers) and does not need extensive laboratory trials.

ANALYSIS OF INTENTION TO CONTINUE SERVICES AMONG RECRUITED VOLUNTARY SOLDIERS

In order to attract more promising young people to join the military and enhance combat capability, Taiwan’s Department of Defense is transforming the nation’s military service system from a draft system, which has been in effect for more than sixty years, to an all-volunteer military force system. The government hopes that the new system not only can recruit promising voluntary soldiers, but that they also continue their military service after the contract expires in order to ensure stability in recruitment sources. This study explores the intention of voluntary soldiers to continue their military service. This study’s questionnaire encompasses five dimensions: Participation motivation, organization commitment, career planning, personality traits and departure tendency. The questionnaires were issued to 350 voluntary soldiers to explore if they intend to continue their service after their contract expires, with a total of 314 effective questionnaires that were recovered and analyzed. The results find that about half of the voluntary soldiers indicate that they do not plan on staying and continuing their service after contract expiration, which will result in understaffing in the military. In order to stabilize the prescribed number of soldiers, the existing recruiting policy and military management system should be re-adjusted.

중·소형 건설공사를 위한 기술제안입찰 평가기준 개선

정부는 상징성, 창의성, 예술성과 고난이도의 기술이 요구되는 건설사업에 대하여 건설업체들 간의 기술 경쟁을 촉진하기 위한 방안으로 2007년 9월부터 새로운 발주방식인 기술제안입찰제도를 도입하였다. 그러나 지금까지 발주 및 수행된 기술 제안입찰 사례를 살펴보면, 모두 300억 원 이상의 대형공사를 중심으로 적용되고 있는 실정이다. 왜냐하면 300억 미만인 중 소형 건설공사에 기술제안입찰을 적용하기에는 평가항목이 복잡하고 고도의 기술제안이 요구되며 과다한 제출서류와 중 소형 건설공사 특징을 반영하기 어렵기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대부분 대형 건설공사에 적용되고 있는 현행 기술제안입찰제도를 중 소형 건설공사에 적합한 기술제안입찰제도의 평가항목 및 평가요소, 배점에 대한 개선안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 기술제안서 평가기준은 기존 대형공사 위주로 진행되었던 기술제안입찰제도를 중 소형 건설공사에 적용하고자 하는데 의의가 있고, 중 소형 건설공사의 기술제안입찰 도입 및 정착에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. The government introduced the technical proposal drafting system in September 2007, as a new method to stimulate technical competence among construction companies to require ingenuity, creativity, artistic sense, and high-level technology. However, an examination of instances has shown that this system has been applied only to large scale constructions worth 30 billion won or more, and not to small and medium constructions worth less than 30 billion won. This is because the evaluation criteria of the system is structured in a manner that makes it difficult to apply to small and medium constructions. This study presented methods to improve the evaluation factors, categories, and scoring scheme of the technical proposal creation system for medium to small scale constructions to be able to further apply the current system to small and medium constructions. The technical proposal evaluation criteria presented in this study was significant in that it enabled the technical proposal creation system that was mainly used for large scale constructions to be further applied to medium to small scale constructions. And it also contributes to the establishment and settlement of a new technical proposal tendering for medium to small scale constructions.

Parameterized Drafting System for Main Parts of Centrifugal Fan

The parameterized drafting technology an database, which is used in diagram drafting of centrifugal fan, is introduced in this paper. The parameterized drafting system for main parts of centrifugal fan is developed by VBA under the circumstances of AutoCAD 2000. The paper introduced the realizing process of drafting principle and system function in detail.

Free the Legislative Process of its Paper Chains: IT-Inspired Redesign of the Legislative Procedure

Over the past decades legislatures have found ways and means to use IT technology to support legislative activity and improve access to legislative documents. Increasingly IT applications used for elements and parts of the legislative process are linked. This paper argues that it is now time we took the next step and redesign the legislative process by tailoring it to the information needs of the 21st century. The rationale and set up of most legislative processes is still the paper-based legislative process. Different legislatures have used IT as a lever to redesign their legislative process. The paper gives examples of innovative technology EU-countries have introduced and touches upon IT-assisted architectures for legislative programming (preparation), legislative calendars, IT-assisted drafting systems, impact assessment, internet-based consultation, IT-assisted review, new ways of amending legislation (by MEP’s for instance), electronic promulgation, electronic codification and consolidation, electronic access to legislation, IT-based effect monitoring (including evaluation) etc. The paper finishes by giving a framework for a new ‘paper-detached’ legislative procedure.

An Cold Experimental Analysis of Draught System with Chain-Grate Stoker

The study of cold state testing and evaluation analysis were carried on the practical running chain-grate stoker, which has an air-supply system with air storehouse and airtrough, to study the air-distribution, air leakage, air tightness and air governing. The result shows that horizontal air distribution across the furnace and the air tightness of the components such as the air port (damper) and airtrough are good. However the air leakage is large because of the complex structure and the high demand of integrated air tightness either in the front or the back of the stoker. The cost of the stoker is high because of large quantity of machine work after casting and high demand of installation, thus the structure should be improved.

The Peculiar Economics of Government Policy towards Sport

Professional team sports enjoy subsidies from government, as well as regulatory exemption from standards that apply to other sectors of the economy. The Australian sports economics literature has, however, focused on competitive balance, with few studies examining government policies. This paper examines government policies such as subsidies, mega-event bidding, salary caps and player draft systems. We argue that the peculiar nature of professional sports provides some justification for such distinctive government policies. However, there is need for greater transparency, better-directed funding, and genuine public debate on some of these policies to enable considered evaluation of their benefits and costs.

A new approach to improve the bulkiness of worsted grade wool yarn

In this research, attempts are made to apply an unconventional draft system to improve the bulkiness of worsted yarn made wholly from wool. The general concept of this research is focused on an uneven length distribution of wool fibers and on the principle of the roller drafting system. Modification of the drafting system as well as various roller gauge adjustments provides an appropriate condition to produce a yarn with different physical specifications. A traditional ungrooved and smooth roller is used instead of the traditional grooved roller in the middle top roller of the drafting system and the distance between the front and middle roller pairs of different gauges are adjusted to produce the samples. The results of this research show that the yarn diameter and bulkiness strongly depend on the roller gauge of the drafting system. The yarn produced with the ungrooved roller as the middle top roller of the drafting system shrinks more after immersing in hot water by comparison with the same yarn produced conventionally. The higher shrinkage of the yarns results in higher lateral expansion and higher increases of yarn diameter and bulkiness. Other results show that, the ungrooved roller does not alter the yarn strength and irregularity. According to the results, the highest volume of the yarn produced with the ungrooved roller can be achieved at a gauge adjustment of 12.2 cm in which the frequency of the fibers longer than the roller gauge in the staple diagram is about 8.4%. Consequently, the proper roller gauge of the drafting system should be determined from the staple diagram of the fibers and adjusted to obtain about 8.4% of fibers with a length of longer than the gauge.

High performance flame-retardant composite yarns with oxidized fiber

This study employed a SKF draft system equipped with an additional spreading device to form a high performance flame-retardant composite yarn. For mixing the spread Technora® filaments and Stretch-Broken oxidized fibers, nip of the front rollers was arranged for best dispersion. The yarn unevenness (CV %), strength, abrasion-resistance, and Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) of the composite yarn were evaluated. The cross-sections of the actual composite yarn were observed to assess its structure and the effect on yarn performance. The experimental results showed that the yarn CV% is worse as the yarn count (Tex) tend to be finer. This would be an optimum condition adopting 30 TM for the yarn evenness and yarn strength. After abrasion test, the residual strength of composite yarns remains above 80 %. The LOI value depends on the coverage degree of oxidized fiber outside the yarn surface, and there tended to be a lower LOI value with finer yarn count (Tex). Overall, the T/O composite yarn with uniform distribution structure can provide high performance and flame-retardancy.

Increasing Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among Young Men in Korea Between 2003 and 2008

Temporal trends in incidence rates of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) can provide valuable clues about etiology. Korea has a draft system, and every male must fulfill his military service. However, according to military rules, patients with CD and UC are not conscripted into the army, and when the disease is diagnosed during military service, patients are relieved from military duties. Such policies provide a unique opportunity to determine the incidence of CD and UC among young men in Korea. We studied the incidence of CD and UC over time in Korea, a rapidly developing country. The Armed Forces Medical Command of the Republic of Korea Army provided lists of members who were relieved from military duties due to diagnoses of CD and UC between 2003 and 2008. During this 6-year period, there were 96 incident cases of CD and 104 incident cases of UC. For the 6-year period, the adjusted mean annual incidence rates of CD and UC per 100,000 persons were 3.2 and 3.5, respectively. When analyzed by 2-year intervals, the mean annual incidence of CD and UC increased, from 1.8 and 1.7 per 100,000 persons in 2003-2004, to 2.7 and 3.3 per 100,000 persons in 2005-2006, and to 5.1 and 5.4 per 100,000 persons in 2007-2008, respectively. Incidence of CD and UC among young men is rapidly increasing in Korea, which strongly suggests an environmental contribution to the disease.

Evaluating the unevenness of stretch-broken tow in tow-to-yarn direct spinning

This study evaluates the unevenness (CV%) of the stretch-broken tow in the break draft zone of a two drafting-three pairs of rollers with double apron draft system using oxidized filament tow. A new method is presented for determining a suitable break draft condition in tow-to-yarn direct spinning to obtain the best oxidized yarn quality using the technique of stretch-broken tow unevenness. We adopt a two drafting-three pairs of rollers with double apron draft system replaces the traditional one drafting-two pairs of rollers draft system to precede the 37 tex oxidized direct yarn spinning. The fundamental relationships between break drafting conditions (such as draft ratio and roller gauge) and CV% of stretch-broken tow are on the same trend of the drafting force. The results revealed, based on the correlation of stretch-broken tow unevenness and yarn quality, the draft condition corresponding to the lower CV% can be chosen as the suitable break draft in tow-to-yarn direct spinning to obtain the best oxidized direct yarn quality. In fact, the work had successfully improved the direct yarn quality.

빙해선박의 선수 선형에 관한 연구

The operation scenarios, types of ice, draft and propulsion system are important design point on the beginning stage of the ice breaking vessel. The concept of hull form in ice breaking vessel has to compromise the performance according to the operation route especially if ship is operating in ice and ice free water. The several hull forms were proposed to optimize the capability of the vessel in this paper. The effect of hull form according to type of ice is also discussing and explaining the ice resistance in each ice type as like pack ice, brash ice, level ice, rubble ice and ice ridge. The draft effect was examined and propulsion system for example FPP(Fixed pitch propeller), CPP(Controllable pitch propeller) and POD system was compared focusing on the propulsion efficiency.

Dynamic stability and bifurcation in a bundle flow

In roll draft operation mechanisms, the behavior of floating fibers is known to cause the thickness variation in output fiber bundles. Despite the significance of this phenomenon, few studies have sought to explain the underlying mechanism theoretically. We analyzed the dynamic characteristics of bundle flow in roll draft systems, based on a model of bundle flow. By applying both linear stability and phase plane analyses, we investigated an occurrence of draft waves. Our results suggest that the principles of linear stability can be applied to analyze bundle flow dynamics. The nonlinearity of bundle flow, however, reveals that the stable fixed point disappears when draft ratio changes, which in turn implies that the topological structure of the phase portrait changes as the process parameter is varied: a bifurcation property. As the process parameter increases above certain critical values, fixed points are destroyed and oscillations within the limit cycle occur. Also the system oscillates at a critical draw ratio harmonically, indicating the onset of a Hopf bifurcation, which corresponds to the draft wave. The phase portrait converges to a shell-shaped curve if the process parameter increases further. The results of this study also show that there is a specific draft ratio below which flow is always stable.

Effect of High-frequency Vibration on the Drawing Behavior of Staple Fiber Strands

This paper discusses fiber motion during roller drafting of staple fiber strands and its influence on the drafting force and drafting wave formation. It is well known that the dynamic friction coefficient of fibers is generally lower than the static friction coefficient, and the difference contributes to the “stick-slip” motion of fibers which causes the drafting waves in roller drafting. In this study a high-frequency vibration is introduced as a strand is attenuated in order to reduce the binding forces among fibers. Such reduction in drafting force is expected to improve strand uniformity by reducing the drafting waves. A roller drafting device capable of monitoring the strand drafting force has been designed and constructed. The experiments show that when a roving strand is subjected to lateral vibration, the force required to stretch the strand is significantly reduced. Average drafting force decreases with the increase in magnitude of the imposed vibration in the on-line drafting test. This study may lead to more efficient drafting systems for staple fiber processing.

Several legal issues concerning Korean professional Sports -Focusing on the draft system in Korean Football League-

Several legal issues concerning Korean professional Sports -Focusing on the draft system in Korean Football League-

Determination of the Stress State Developed within a Non-Cushioned Rail Yoke and the Prediction of the Theoretical Fatigue Life

During service, freight railroad coupling systems experience heavy loading owing to various train actions. For non-cushioned railcars, the primary tensile component utilized to transfer these forces to the draft system is the yoke. The stress state developed within a yoke was analysed using both strain gauge data and non-linear finite-element methods for both static maximal loads and pseudo-static cyclic loads accounting for the non-linear material behaviour, including plasticity and strain hardening. From the stress profile developed within a yoke, the critical locations were determined and the theoretical fatigue life was calculated using various strain life fatigue analysis methods considering both the uniaxial and biaxial stress conditions that exist. Using these data, a possible failure mode is presented.