Double Reduction Research Articles

Hierarchical Design Optimization Strategy of Primary School Mathematics Homework from the Perspective of Core Literacy

Homework is the extension and expansion of classroom teaching, it is inextricably linked with teaching and evaluation, and plays an irreplaceable role in consolidating, expanding, evaluating and reflecting on teachers' teaching and students' learning. The "double reduction" policy requires reducing the heavy homework burden of students, and emphasizes improving the quality of homework design and encouraging the layout of hierarchical, flexible and personalized homework. In view of some problems existing in assignment design, this paper studies hierarchical assignment design strategies from the aspects of level, form and evaluation, so as to make assignment more scientific and reasonable, truly reduce the burden for students, and promote the overall development of students.

Navigating the Challenges of Compulsory Education: A Critical Examination of China's Double Reduction Policy

Navigating the Challenges of Compulsory Education: A Critical Examination of China's Double Reduction Policy

A Review on Foreign Language Education Policies in China from 1949 to 2023

This paper reviews on the topic of foreign language education policies in China from 1949 to 2023. It mainly focuses on English and Russian. In this paper, the timeline is separated by three important timepoint. The first important section is in 1949. As the People's Republic of China came into being, complicated and convoluted foreign language education policies in China started to emerge. The second important section is in 1978. In this year, Chinese government launched the famous national strategy of reform and opening up, and thus many changes in Chinese foreign language education policy happened. The third important section is in 2021, and in this year, Chinese government launched the Double Reduction Policy. This is a policy aiming to alleviate students' homework burden and off campus training burden in the compulsory educational stage. This policy uses various kinds of measures to reduce students' burden in academic learning, help families who cannot afford luxurious after-class tutoring fee, and enable children to have more time and space needed for all round development. In general, this paper concludes the development of foreign language education policies in China from 1949 to 2023 and gives some points in economic and historical effects to English and Russian learning during this historical process.

Chinese organic rice transition spatial econometrics empirical analysis.

Based on the integrated model of Super-SBM model, spatial Durbin model (SDM) and Grey neural network model, this paper analyzes the panel data of various provinces in China from multiple angles and dimensions. It was found that there were significant differences in eco-efficiency between organic rice production and conventional rice production. The response of organic rice to climate change, the spatial distribution of ecological and economic benefits and the impact on carbon emission were analyzed. The results showed that organic rice planting not only had higher economic benefits, but also showed a rising trend of ecological benefits and a positive feedback effect. This finding highlights the importance of organic rice farming in reducing carbon emissions. Organic rice farming effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide and methane, by improving soil management and reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides. This has important implications for mitigating climate change and promoting soil health and biodiversity. With the acceleration of urbanization, the increase of organic rice planting area shows the trend of organic rice gradually replacing traditional rice cultivation, further highlighting the potential of organic agriculture in emission reduction, environmental protection and sustainable agricultural production. To this end, it is recommended that the Government implement a diversified support strategy to encourage technological innovation, provide guidance and training, and raise public awareness and demand for organic products. At the same time, private sector participation is stimulated to support the development of organic rice cultivation through a public-private partnership model. Through these measures, further promote organic rice cultivation, achieve the dual goals of economic benefits and environmental benefits, and effectively promote the realization of double carbon emission reduction targets.

The Impact of the Double Reduction Policy on China's K-12 Education Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Difference-in-Differences Method

The Double Reduction Policy introduced by the Chinese government in 2021 imposed unprecedented restrictive measures on privately-run extracurricular training institutions providing compulsory education subjects. Numerous education enterprises involved in K-12 business were profoundly affected. To explore the impact of the policy on education enterprises and the industry, this paper employs the Difference-in-Differences method for analysis. The findings reveal that the "Dual Reduction" policy led to an 8.165% decline in the profit margin of education enterprises, accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of employees, with an assessed decrease of 31.57%. Further analysis of the impact mechanism indicates that the policy's effect on the number of employees lags behind its impact on profit margin. Based on these results, the study suggests the optimization of the content and implementation approach of education policies to minimize negative impacts and to incorporate high-quality education resources provided by education enterprises through more comprehensive measures.

The Influence of Double Reduction Policy on Exam-oriented Education Model

China's "double reduction policy" aims to reduce the academic burden on students and promote educational reform. This policy has had a profound impact both inside and outside educational institutions. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the "double reduction policy" on the exam oriented education model. On campus, students' academic burden has been reduced, but educational resources are unevenly distributed between urban and rural areas, and the administrative management model of the school still needs to be adjusted accordingly. Outside of school, students' learning motivation and attitudes are developing in a positive direction, family education concepts have made progress, and the overall learning atmosphere in society has become more inclusive. The challenge faced by this policy is that the academic evaluation system is still not diversified enough, the teaching burden of teachers is further increased, and parents also face greater challenges in family education. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of the "double reduction policy" on exam oriented education, and provides useful insights for policy makers, educational institutions, and parents to improve the quality of education and cultivate competitive students. This helps to effectively implement policies and promote more comprehensive, balanced, and sustainable educational development.

Kingdon의 정책흐름 모형을 활용한 중국 ‘쌍감(双减)’ 정책의 정책의제설정 및 정책결정과정 분석

This study aimed to analyze the policy formation process of the ‘Double Reduction’ Policy (DRP) based on Kingdon’s multiple streams model. As a result of the study, the problems stream refers to the problem of inequity in education, heavy homework burden and overheated extracurricular education destroying the educational order, leading to social problems and becoming a national issue. In order to solve these problems, the government and educational experts discussed, revised, and reunited countermeasures and previous policies and created policy alternatives. The politics stream is the core variable, which solves the academic burden problem in the education reform process through factors such as national emotions and changes in national educational development concepts. The educational development concept of “strengthening moral education and cultivating people” and maintaining educational equity have strongly impacted on the derivation, development, and transformation of policies to reduce student burden. A significant opportunity to create a “policy window” by combining the above three streams was realized through the combination of national ‘Two Sessions’ in 2021 and the opening of the 19th meeting of the comprehensively deepening reform Committee on May 21, 2021. The policy intention to reform school education and regulating off after-school educational training was raised as a policy agenda, and the DRP was eventually formed.

중국 쌍감(双減)정책 집행과정의 패러독스 분석

Building on Stone’s (2012) identification of policy paradoxes, this study examines the unintended outcomes of China’s 2021 “double reduction” policy, designed to lessen both academic and extracurricular burdens on students.
 A review of policy documents, news articles, and case studies from 2021 to 2022 reveals three significant paradoxes. Firstly, attempts to reduce student workloads inadvertently increase teachers’ burdens. Secondly, efforts to decrease parental spending on private education paradoxically heighten educational anxieties due to increased regulations. Lastly, initiatives aimed at reducing student workload unintentionally intensify entrance examination pressures.
 This research highlights the importance of policymakers understanding the complex dynamics at play and the necessity for continuous policy evaluation and adjustment to address these paradoxes effectively.

Multi-dimensional Cooperation:A Path to Enhance After-school Services in Guizhou's Primary and Secondary Schools

Optimizing after-school services for primary and secondary schools is an important initiative to carry out the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, implement the “double reduction” policy, adhere to the “five education” and explore the integration of the “five education”, and promote the diversified and distinctive development of the “five education”, and it is a milestone event in the transition from traditional examination- oriented education to quality education. In order to solve the problem of “three and a half hours” for parents and increase the people's sense of gain and happiness, more and more primary and secondary schools in Guizhou are offering colorful after-school services, “growth class” courses and interest activities. In recent years, around the “burden” policy documents one after another, but the burden of primary and secondary school students has not improved significantly, “school pressure, outside the school burden”, “only the theory of scores” and so on. The chaotic phenomenon of education has accumulated and is difficult to return. After a long period of field research, visiting typical cases, understanding special cases and summarizing and analyzing the research data, the research group found that there are problems such as unsound supervision and management mechanism, insufficient teachers' strength, incomplete resource allocation, and low parental participation in Guizhou's primary and secondary school after-school services. Based on the multifaceted and collaborative approach, the research group proposes measures to improve the quality of after-school services, such as establishing a sound management and supervision system, improving teachers' teaching and learning abilities, optimizing the allocation of after-school education resources, and promoting the development of co-operation between home and school, with a view to providing decision-making references and suggestions for improvement to the governmental departments, educational institutions and parents.

Research on the Quality Assurance of Primary and Secondary After-school Services in Guizhou under the Perspective of High-Quality Development

In the context of the “double-decrease” policy, the construction of an after-school service system for primary and secondary schools is of great significance to the creation of a good educational ecology and the return of the public nature of education, and has become an indispensable part of the development of after- school services. Given the differences in resources, there are many problems with after-school services in Guizhou Province. Through the implementation of the survey on the white list of the number of afterschool services in Guizhou Province, and comparing the data between cities, it is found that the situation in the field of after-school services for primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province has improved after the remediation, but there are still the following quality problems: unclear rights and responsibilities of the main body of after-school services, insufficient precision of the content of after-school services, lack of after- school services funding synergy, and an imperfect evaluation system of the results of after-school services. In order to solve these problems, this study proposes the following after-school service quality measures under the guidance of the concept of high-quality development of education: constructing a mechanism for the mutual sharing of rights and responsibilities among after-school service subjects, improving the accuracy of after-school service content, adjusting the mode of after-school service funding, and improving the evaluation system of after-school service quality. These measures are designed to improve the quality and effectiveness of after-school services in Guizhou's primary and secondary schools, to achieve high-quality development of after-school services in Guizhou's primary and secondary schools with the goal of the comprehensive development of students, and to promote the progress of education in Guizhou Province. Under the background of “Double Reduction” policy, the construction of after-school service guarantee system for primary and secondary schools plays an important role in the creation of good education ecology and the return of education publicity, and it is an indispensable part of the development of after-school service. Through literature research and field research, it is found that primary and secondary school afterschool services in Guizhou Province are facing quality assurance problems such as unclear rights and responsibilities of the main body of after-school services, insufficient precision of the content of after-school services, lack of synergistic funding for after-school services, and an imperfect evaluation system for the results of after-school services. Guided by the concept of high-quality development of education, a series of after- school service quality assurance measures are proposed to build mutual sharing of rights and responsi- bilities of after-school service subjects, enhance the accuracy of after-school service guarantee contents, adjust the mode of allocation of after-school service guarantee funds, and improve the evaluation system of after- school service quality assurance, aiming to improve the quality and effectiveness of after-school services in Guizhou's primary and secondary schools, and realize high-quality development of the quality assurance of Guizhou's primary and secondary schools' after-school services, with the aim of promote the overall development of students as an important goal, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of promoting the progress of education in Guizhou Province.

The roles of classmate support, smartphone addiction, and leisure time in the longitudinal relationship between academic pressure and social anxiety among Chinese adolescents in the context of the “double reduction” policy

In response to concerns surrounding excessive homework and off-campus tutoring for students undergoing compulsory education in China, the government implemented the “double reduction” policy to alleviate these burdens. This study aims to examine the mechanisms that underlie the longitudinal relationship between changes in academic pressure and social anxiety among Chinese adolescents under the background of this policy. A total of 2,202 valid questionnaires were obtained, and the sample consisted of 1,234 students who reported having a smartphone (age: M = 14.60, SD = 1.57). They were recruited to complete the changes in leisure time and academic pressure at Time 1, classmate support at Time 1 and Time 2, problematic smartphone use at Time 1 and Time 2, and social anxiety at Time 1, Time 2, and Time 3. The findings indicate that classmate support and problematic smartphone use at Time 2 significantly mediated the association between changes in academic pressure at Time 1 and social anxiety at Time 3. Changes in leisure time at Time 1 also affected these relationships. Specifically, compared to those with decreased leisure time, the relationship between classmate support at Time 2 and problematic smartphone use at Time 2 was stronger among adolescents with increased leisure time, while the relationship between changes in academic pressure at Time 1 and problematic smartphone use at Time 2 was weaker among adolescents with increased leisure time. These results highlight the importance of promoting effective stress coping strategies and peer interactions for adolescents, and also the importance of promoting active parental participation in leisure time management and guidance towards positive coping styles.

A Study on the Construction and Enhancement Strategies of Primary and Secondary School Music Teachers’ Core Literacy under the “Double Reduction” Programmer

The “Double Reduction” policy is an important education reform initiative to be fully implemented by the state in 2022, which is an important policy to better promote the development of educational equity. With the gradual implementation of the “double reduction” policy, the requirements for the core qualities of primary and secondary school music teachers are also getting higher and higher, and the review of the current situation reveals that there are many problems with the core qualities of primary and secondary school music teachers.

Research on the Design Strategy of Junior High School English Homework under the Policy of “Double Reduction”

The “double reduction” policy calls for the standardization of off-campus training to effectively reduce the unnecessary burden of schoolwork for students, improve the efficiency of teaching and learning, shift the center of gravity of learning back to school, and improve the fairness of education. In this context, the design of junior high school English homework needs to be adjusted and optimized accordingly. Teachers should study the current situation, principles and optimization strategies of junior high school English homework design under the “double reduction” policy, adjust and change the junior high school English homework design to maximize the space for students to reduce the burden and increase the quality of students, and really put the requirements of reducing the burden and increasing the quality into practice, so that the nurturing value of the English homework can be brought into full play, and the quality of teaching and students' comprehensive quality of junior high school English can be improved. The quality of teaching and the comprehensive quality of students can be improved.

Psychological stress, parental involvement and parental views of school success for children during the COVID-19: a moderated model

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the relationships among parental psychological stress, parental views of school success, and parental involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the introduction of the double reduction policy. The results of a related questionnaire survey of 459 parents showed that two dimensions of parental views of school success – parental views of academic success and parental views of social success – significantly influenced four dimensions of parental involvement: involvement in school activities, monitoring, interest development, and helping with homework (except for anxiety and over-protection). In addition, the positive effect of parental views of academic success on anxiety and over-protection and monitoring was more pronounced when moderated by psychological stress, and parental views of social success positively influenced involvement in school activities only when psychological stress was low. This study can help increase students’, parents’, and schools’ understanding of parental involvement during the pandemic and the relationship between parental views of school success and parental involvement. It provides detailed recommendations for parents, schools, and the government on improving parental involvement since the beginning of the pandemic. The study’s significance, limitations, and implications are also discussed.

Nurturing Creativity and Talent in After-School Musical Societies under the 'Double Reduction' Policy in China

Nurturing Creativity and Talent in After-School Musical Societies under the 'Double Reduction' Policy in China

Research on the impact of the 'Double Reduction' policy on the risk-taking of educational training enterprises

In 2021, after the implementation of a series of 'Double Reduction' policy measures, educational training enterprises quickly fell into an 'industry winter,' urgently needing to find opportunities for survival from the dilemma and seek new transformations and breakthroughs. This study indicates that the Double Reduction policy has promoted the level of risk-taking by educational training enterprises under this industrial policy change. Further heterogeneity tests indicate that our findings are more pronounced in state-owned enterprises and those with less financing constraints.

Analysis of countermeasures of after-school care services for primary school students in Baotou City

Since the implementation of the "double reduction" policy, Baotou City, as a pilot area in Inner Mongolia for promoting the "double reduction" work, has been actively, steadily, and orderly advancing the "double reduction" work. This paper analyzes the difficulties in the construction of after-school care services for primary school students in Baotou City and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, which have promoted the development of after-school care service institutions and facilitated the implementation of the "double reduction" policy.

Research on the Transformation and Upgrading of The Education and Training Industry Under the Background of "Double Reduction".

On July 24, 2021, in order to standardize off-campus training institutions and reduce the excessive homework burden and off-campus training burden of students in the compulsory education stage, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Reducing the Homework Burden and Off-campus Training Burden of Students in the Compulsory Education Stage" (referred to as the "Double Reduction" Policy). The "double reduction" policy directly limits the scale of academic off-campus training institutions, reduces the duration of extracurricular training, and has a huge impact on the education and training industry. In order to help the education and training industry in Hubei Province solve the current practical problems, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis from the perspectives of internal environment and external environment, explores the influencing factors of the transformation and upgrading of the education and training industry in Hubei Province, and on this basis, constructs a structural model, further analyzes the mechanism between the influencing factors, and clarifies the relationship between the factors.

Analysis of Differences in Chinese and English Classroom Teaching

Analysis of Differences in Chinese and English Classroom Teaching

Research On the Correlation Between Family Capital and The Highest Educational Level of Children——Analysis Based on China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) Data

Based on Chinese household tracking survey data, through multiple regression models, this paper studies the connection between family capital and children's highest education level. There is relatively comprehensive research on this topic both domestically and internationally. However, China has proposed a "double reduction" policy. The relevant research under this policy is not perfect. Based on this current situation, the authors conduct this study. There are seven findings in the study. Firstly, family background has a significant positive impact on children's educational qualifications. Secondly, the number of books collected is directly proportional to the length of education a child has received. Thirdly, how many years a child can attend school is influenced significantly and positively by how much money each person in a family earns on average. Fourthly, the length of a child's schooling is significantly impacted negatively by the number of the household population. Fifthly, the father's education years have a considerable favorable impact on the children's schooling. Sixthly, the number of years a mother can attend school also has a considerable favorable impact on the children’s schooling. Seventhly, registration of urban households has a substantial advantageous effect on children's learning years.