Double Administration Research Articles

Nifedipine enhances the bronchodilator effect of salbutamol.

Ten male asthmatic volunteers each inhaled two puffs (200 micrograms) of salbutamol on two separate days 30 minutes after double blind oral administration of either 20 mg nifedipine or identical placebo. FEV1 was recorded before and at intervals for four hours after inhalation of salbutamol. Overall the FEV1 was significantly greater during the four hour period after premedication with nifedipine (p less than 0.025) and the difference between the effects of placebo and nifedipine was greatest four hours after salbutamol (p less than 0.005). These results suggest that nifedipine prolongs the bronchodilator action of salbutamol in vivo.

Rapid depletion and restoration of striatal met-enkephalin after ketamine

The acute administration of ketamine depletes methionine-enkephaline levels in rat striatum, as measured by radioimmunoassay. The maximum decrease of about 25% was observed 30 minutes after 100 mg.kg −1, i.p. injection of the drug, enkephalin levels returning to normal within 90 minutes. Neither higher doses nor a double administration of ketamine produced any further depletion. These results indicate that ketamine interacts with the enkephalinergic system and suggests the presence of a limited and rapidly releasable pool of methionine-enkephaline in the brain.

Report on a proving of pulsatilla 3x

SummaryWe report a proving of Pulsatilla 3x conducted during three months of 1978 with 52 volunteers in North West England.The study included a double blind cross-over administration of placebo or medicated tablets in a manner intended to provide control as well as test phases.Two important findings are reported. First, that the results obtained failed to give statistically significant evidence for the effects of Pulsatilla 3x. Second, that the reported effects clearly indicated a “trial response”. That is, a response to the process of the trial rather than to the agent being proved.The significance and implications of these findings are discussed.

Growth hormone responses following double pulse oral glucose administration in various clinical states.

The 8-h double pulse oral glucose test is proposed as an alternative screening procedure for determining the adequacy of growth hormone (GH) release. The second pulse of glucose is timely in suppressing GH release and delaying it for a more predictable controlled elevation. Peak GH (mean plus or minus SD) values following the double pulse glucose test were 17 plus or minus 10.2, 16.5 plus or minus 2.2, and 1.3 plus or minus 0.5 ng/ml in normal controls, short stature patients and GH deficient patients, respectively. Peak GH values following insulin hypoglycemia were 36.9 plus or minus 13.8, 21.9 plus or minus 23.0 and 1.8 plus or minus 1.1 ng/ml in normal controls, short stature patients and GH-deficient patients. Peak GH values during a 5-h oral glucose tolerance test were 16.4 plus or minus 6.0 and 10.2 plus or minus 3.3 ng/ml in normal controls and short patients, respectively. These differences in peak GH values between the various clinical and control groups were not significantly different except for the greater GH peak values reached in short patients in the double pulse glucose test compared to the 5-h oral glucose tolerance test. The rise in GH following double pulse oral glucose is more timely predictab-e than after the 5-h oral glucose test and involves less professional time than the insulin tolerance test as it does not require close medical supervision.

Studies on the effect of alcohol upon the liver (V) effect of double administration of alcohol

Studies on the effect of alcohol upon the liver (V) effect of double administration of alcohol

Studies on the Immunological Potentiality of Irradiated Echinococcus Granulosus Forms: Immunization Experiments in Dogs

SUMMARY A total of forty-three pups of medium size breeds of domestic dogs were included in immunobiological experiments to investigate such variables as radiation dose, larval number, single and double vaccine administration and time interval between various vaccination procedures in the immunization schedule to E. granulosus. On the basis of the results obtained it was established, by comparing vaccinates with controls, that a very high percentage of protection (from 58 to 92), was produced in dogs by administering larvae of E. granulosus irradiated at 20, 25, and 30 kr. of X-rays. The time factor appeared to be important as well as size of immunizing dose of larvae in increasing the degree of protection to E. granulosus infection. Each of the above factors was discussed.

Studies on the Nature of Staub-Effect of Blood Sugar Curve following the Administration of Glucose

For the elucidation of Staub-Elfect (S-E) on the course of blood sugar following the double administrations of glucose, it would be most essential to have informations with regard to the following items : 1. The amounts of uptaken and deposited carbohydrate in the liver and in the other tissues (the muscle and skin) after the glucose injections. The comparison of the total amount of carbohydrate deposited with the first and second portions of glucose injections should there be made.2. The amounts of excreted sugar into the urine during the tolerance tests. The estimations of the carbohydrate figures of the liver and the tissues (by the method of Yamamoto), or the urine sugar after the glucose injections were carried out with the normal (S-E positive), phosphor- (S-E markedly negative), or alloxan-poisoned (S -E indefinite) rabbits. From the determination of the total amount of carbohydrate in the liver and tissues before and after one hour (or two hours) of glucose injection, we are able to know the amount of deposited carbohydrate in the liver and tissues. The results are as follows :(1) The total amount of deposited carbohydrate in the normal liver was markedly increased after the injection of sugar, and in the second portion this was significantly higher than in the first.In the phosphor- and alloxan-rabbits, however, there were marked decrease of the total carbohydrate deposit, especially following the second portion.(2) The uptake and the deposition of sugar in the muscle and skin following the injection of glucose were very small, compared with the liver.The total amounts of deposited carbohydrate in the muscle and skin in the case of normal or alloxan-rabbits after the second portion of sugar injection were found to be moderately increased, while the phosphor-rabbit showed a better deposition in the first injection than in the second.(3) From these findings, it is evident than in the case of normal animal the S-E was positive, while in the case of phosphor-rabbit strongly negative.(4) From the uptake and the deposition of injected sugar in the liver, we may expect in the alloxan rabbit a marked negative S-E after the glucose injection,like that we have seen in the phosphor-animal, but in the fact the positive or slightly negative S-E figure in the case of alloxan rabbit was found.As the reason for this descrepancy we may assume that the highly excretion of urine sugar after the glucose injection in the alloxan rabbit, especially in the second portion of sugar injection, may inhibit the blood sugar curve in the second portion of glucose injection (in the alloxan rabbit the double amounts of sugar was excreted into the urine, compared with the case of phosphor rabbit). Moreover, in the case of alloxan rabbit, the increased deposition by second portion of injected glucose in the muscle and skin may affect to lower the blood sugar curve.(5) Based upon these results as described above, we may suggest on the nature of S-E effect on the blood sugar curve following the glucose injection in two divided portions, firstly that the increased amounts of total carbohydrate deposit of liver by the second portion of sugar injection is most essential, secondly that the high excretion of urine sugar, especially after the second portion of sugar injection, and the increased amount of carbohydrate deposition in the muscle and skin after the second portion of glucose injection would act inhibitory on the rise of blood sugar curve after the second portion of sugar injection.

Blood Sugar Fluctuation Due to Double Administration of Glucose into the Duodenum

The repeated glucose ingestion test, orally given, has been evaluated by the duodenal test. 30g. glucose was given to healthy persons and diabetics. By the oral administration, the hyperglycemia due to the second dose is definitely smaller compared with the first, when tested on the healthy, and the second dose is answered in the diabetics with a greater hyper-glycemia than the first, as commonly well known. The duodenal administration nearly annulled the smaller reaction against the second administration in healthy subjects, known as the Staub effect, and exaggerates the hyperglycemia in the diabetics more strongly than on the oral application. Be the glycemic effect of repeated glucose ingestion in the normal person and the diabetic properly judged, it makes clear that each kind of application yield almost quite the same outcome in both healthy person and diabetic in relation to the sugar tolerance. The smallness and retardation of the hyperglycemia due to the oral application, which take place in contrast to the duodenal, appear with a same magnitude in persons with tolerance, normal and lessened as well.

HYPOPHYSIS IN PROTEIN METABOLISM. IS THE PITUITARY FACTOR ACTIVE IN PROTEIN METABOLISM IDENTICAL WITH THE GROWTH HORMONE?

It has been reported in a previous paper that regulation of the amino acidmetabolism exists in normal persons, as can be proved by double administration of amino acid (gelatine) solution.1 If 50 gm. of gelatine (in 500 cc. water) is given to a normal fasting person, and the same test drink is repeated 3 hours later, the blood-amino acid level rises markedly after the first administration, whereas the second does not produce any rise at all or, at the most, only a very low one. This proves that there is a regulation of the amino acid-metabolism, probably due to nervous and hormonal influence, as discussed in the above-mentioned paper. In a further paper2 we have proved that the pituitary anterior lobe has some very important influence on the regulation of amino acid-metabolism. In 3 cases of pituitary insufficiency (pituitary cachexia), the functional test, as described above, was abnormal, i.e., the aminoacid rise in the blood after the second administration of gelatine was as high as, or even higher than...