Doses Of Mineral Fertilizers Research Articles

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ АГРОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ЧЕРНОЗЁМА ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИИ

In a multifactorial stationary experiment on the development of scientific foundations for extended repro-duction of soil fertility, studies were conducted on changes in soil density, structural coefficient and water consumption by sugar beet plants depending on the method of tillage and various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers. Research materials have proved the positive role of semi-ripened cattle manure both when used independently and in conjunction with mineral fertilizers in the decompression of the arable soil horizon. In this case, the soil density did not exceed 1.15 g/cm3. When organic fertilizers are intro-duced into the technology of sugar beet cultivation, the soil structure also improves. The value of the structure coefficient. The best option from the point of view of moisture conservation is the joint applica-tion of organic and mineral fertilizers. In this case, even with a significantly increased productivity of sug-ar beet, the total water consumption remained at the level of the control non-maneuverable variant. The organo-mineral system of sugar beet fertilization showed the most rational use of moisture for the for-mation of the crop, showing the values of the water consumption coefficient of 67-79 m3/t. In this case, the recorded values are at the level of a purely mineral fertilizer system with a decrease in the analyzed value by 7-14 m3/t, depending on the factors studied.

The effect of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on productivity and structural indicators of Raphael spring barley new variety

Study of the effectiveness of the use of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers (N16P16K16...N120P120K120) was carried out in 2020-2022 in the conditions of the Ryazan region on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil of average fertility. The object of the research was a new variety of spring barley Raphael, included into the State Register of the Russian Federation for the Central (3) and Volga–Vyatka (4) Regions in 2022 (patent No. 12254). As the result of the research, there was revealed a positive trend for raising the yield of the Raphael variety resulted from the use of increasing doses of NPK (y = 0.1829x + 6.36, R2 = 0.8866). On average, over the years of the research, the minimum yield productivity (6.50 t/ha) was shown by the control variant (N16P16K16), the variant with application of high doses (N120P120K120) had the maximum productivity (7.40 t/ha). The yield increase by 0.6...0.9 t/ha was provided by mineral fertilizers in doses of N45P45K45...N120P120K120. The yield of barley per year with sufficient moisture supply during the growing season (HTC = 1.39) was 4.6-5.1 % higher than in dry years (HTC = 0.63-0.53). Structural analysis of yield indicates that during the experiment, the yield of this variety has been influenced by the length of the ear (r = 0.689), the number of grains in the ear (r = 0.467), the weight of grain per the ear (r = 0.715). Increasing doses of applied fertilizers led to an increase in the leaf surface area of plants and the height of the productive stems. The highest protein content in barley grain was observed in the variant with the use of N120P120K120 (on average 14.1 %), the minimum – with the application of N16P16K16 (on average 13.2 %). The calculation of economic efficiency showed that the highest conditional net income (69413 rubles/ha) and the level of profitability (187.1 %) with the yield of the new Raphael variety of 7.1 t/ha can be achieved by applying medium doses of fertilizers N45P45K45.

Study of the Long-Term Effect of Mineral Fertilizers in a Stationary Experiment in the Steppe Volga Region

The analysis of the results obtained over 48 years in a long stationary experiment with fertilizers, which is located in the Saratov region (Russia) on the southern heavy loam chernozem, is presented. The influence of various types and doses of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of 6-field crop rotation, yield and grain quality of cultivated crops (winter and spring wheat, millet, barley, oats) has been studied. The optimal doses of fertilizers for the arid steppe of the Volga region have been identified, providing maximum yield increases and the greatest payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers. The influence of the conditions of humidification of the growing season on the yield of grain crops, the accumulation of protein in the grain and the removal of nutrients from the soil is shown. The scales of carbon losses, gross nitrogen and phosphorus reserves have been established both in untreated soil and with the systematic application of various doses of mineral fertilizers over 48 years of observations.

Efficiency of Methods of Bioconversion of Fertilizer Nutrients into Green Fodder in a Peat Bog

In a two-factor field experiment, the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers in combination with direct sowing of grass seeds in the turf of a cultivated peat bog was studied for the development of low-cost methods of bioconversion of nutrients of mineral fertilizers into green feeds. During the agro-economic and energy assessment of the agricultural practices used, it was established that the combination of sowing and application of mineral fertilizers was effective and contributed to obtaining the highest profit, which amounted to 24-53 thousand. rub/ha, reducing the cost of 100 k.e./ha by an average of 41-46%, increasing the energy efficiency of costs by 1.8 times compared to the control. The highest payback of a feed unit of 1 kg of NPK was noted in variants with cultivated fertilized phytocenosis, this indicator increased by an average of 1.2-1.6 times compared with variants of natural phytocenoses. Taking into account the indicators of soil fertility and the payback of the costs of carrying out a complex of agricultural practices, it was concluded that the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers in the natural phytocenosis (without sowing) was the dose of N60P90K120, in the cultivated phytocenosis - doses of N60P60K90 and N60P90K120.

Change in Acidity and Composition of the Soil-Absorbing Complex at Long-Term Application of Increasing Doses of Mineral Fertilizers into Sod-Podzolic Soil

Change in Acidity and Composition of the Soil-Absorbing Complex at Long-Term Application of Increasing Doses of Mineral Fertilizers into Sod-Podzolic Soil

ВЛИЯНИЕ МАКРО- И МИКРОУДОБРЕНИЙ И БИОСТИМУЛЯТОРА НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО МАСЛОСЕМЯН ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА

The studies were carried out in order to identify the effectiveness of various doses of mineral fertilizers, boron-containing microfertilizers and a biostimulator in the technology of sunflower cultivation. The work was carried out in Ulyanovsk region on leached heavy loamy chernozem in 2020-2021. Years of research were favorable in terms of heat and moisture supply. The scheme of the experiment included the study of the effect of 4 backgrounds of mineral fertilizer - factor A (A1 – N0, control; A2 – N30 for pre-sowing cultivation; A3 - N30P30K30 for sowing; A4 – N30 for cultivation + N30P30K30 for sowing) and 4 variants of foliar top dressing for vegetation - factor B (B1 - without treatment; B2 - Ultramag bor, 1 l/ha; B3 - Biostim universal, 2 l/ha; B4 - Ultramag bor, 1 l/ha + Biostim universal, 2 l/ha). The studies were carried out on the mid-season sunflower hybrid Natali. The highest yield (3.01 t/ha) was formed with the joint application of Biostim universal and Ultramag bor (2 + 1 l/ha) against the background of the application of 30 kg a.i./ha of nitrogen (increase to control 0.56 t/ha). The highest content of crude protein was noted against the background of the starting dose of fertilizers N30P30K30 with additional nitrogen nutrition N30 (11.4 ... 13.4%, which is 0.9 ... 2.9% more than the control). In terms of the collection of crude protein, the advantage was with the options with the use of N30P30K30 before sowing and N30 for cultivation in combination with Ultramag boron and Biostim universal (327 and 373 kg/ha, respectively, which is more than the control by 70 and 116 kg/ha). High oil yield was noted against the background of pre-sowing application of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 30 kg/ha of a.i. (1326...1493 kg/ha), as well as the use of a starting dose of N30P30K30 without additional nitrogen (1221...1373/ha). The cultivation of sunflower with the use of mineral fertilizers in combination with boron and biostimulant showed high economic efficiency.

UPTAKE OF MICROELEMENTSINOILSEED RAPE PLANTS UNDER MINERAL FERTILIZATION WITH NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS

With a large and growing demand in the market, rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. napus.) is a crop with relatively high requirements for macronutrient fertilization. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of mineral fertilization with different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus on the accumulation of microelements in the vegetative organs and grains of oilseed rape plants.The experiment was carried out in the long-term experimental fields of SCDA Livada. There were taken and analyzed 96 plant samples and the results were statistically processed. Fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus led to statistically assured changes in the contents of microelements, mostly in the aerial parts of the rapeseed. Regarding their accumulation in the grain, there were obtained variations of contents that were not significant to all doses of fertilizer applied. The conclusions of the experiments showed that the evaluation of contents of manganese, iron, zinc, and copper in rapeseed plants can help in choosing the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers in order to assure balanced microelement composition in plants and thus, consequently to avoid their deficiency.

Eutrophication of Arable Soil: The Comparative Effect of Mineral and Organic Fertilizer Systems

Agrogenic eutrophication refers to the artificial enrichment of soil with organic carbon and nutrients in result of applying mineral and organic fertilizers to increase soil fertility and plant productivity. Eutrophication of gray forest soils (Luvic Retic Greyzemic Phaeozems (Loamic)) was created by annual application of increasing doses of mineral (N 90–360, P2O5 75–300 and K2O 100–400 kg/ha) and organic (fresh cattle manure from 25 to 100 t/ha) fertilizers under plants of a 5–field crop rotation for 9 years in microplots experiment. The NPK amounts applied with the manure were approximately equal to the corresponding doses of mineral fertilizer. The rates of soil enrichment by Corg under mineral and organic fertilizer systems were, respectively, 0.29–0.38 and 0.76–1.56 g/kg per year, Ntot – 0.04–0.06 and 0.06–0.09 g/kg per year, available P2O5 – 4–57 and 11–55 mg/kg per year, available K2O – 5–44 and 6–31 mg/kg per year. The fertilizer doses under both systems were the most significant factor in the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen, available forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil, while the Ntot contents was controlled by the duration of fertilizer application. The Corg content in the soil with organic and mineral fertilizers depended on the dose of manure and the duration of NPK application, respectively. Soil eutrophication with mineral fertilizers was accompanied by a decrease in soil pH, and eutrophication with organic fertilizers, on the contrary, led to an increase in pH. It is emphasized that over–fertilization and long–term use of fertilizers are the main factors in the development of soil eutrophication and the concomitant change in soil pH.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF POTATO PLANTS DEPENDING ON THE TERMS OF APPLICATION OF MANUR

Potatoes are one of the most important agricultural crops in Kazakhstan. It is an indispensable food item, because it is popularly called a second bread for its nutritional value. The studies were conducted to identify the influence of the timing of litter manure application in conjunction with mineral fertilizers and planting density on the duration of potato development phases and plant height in the West Kazakhstan region. The experiments were laid by a systematic method with a tiered arrangement of variants in the experiment, the repetition is 3-fold. Cattle manure was used on a straw litter of autumn-winter harvesting. The following types of fertilizers were used: ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, potassium chloride. Research methods: descriptive method and methods of field experiments. Statistical processing of the yield was carried out by a dispersion analysis. Phenological observations in experiments have shown that the doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of manure application have some effect on the phases of potato plant development. Weather conditions also have a great influence on the duration of interphase periods. The timing of manure application in combination with mineral fertilizers had a certain effect on plant growth, but differences in plant height were more noticeable from the budding phase and in subsequent phases, therefore, we provide data on plant height in the flowering phase. The plant height was also influenced by the timing of manure application, and the weather conditions of the year, as well as the density of planting, the lowest plants were obtained in variants without manure application and its application in winter on snow. This pattern has been observed in all years of research. The tallest plants are noted when applying manure under the chill and during spring application. This work is of practical importance for the cultivation of potatoes on dark chestnut soils of the Republic of Kazakhstan under irrigation with the use of optimal doses of mineral fertilizers and manure. Properly chosen doses of mineral fertilizers and manure can increase the yield of potatoes from 35% to 50%, while now it is 75-80 centners per hectare

Влияние минерального питания на развитие льна масличного по фазам роста в черноземной зоне Волго-Донского междуречья

With the growth of sown areas in the black earth zone of the Volgograd region, oil flax has become an alternative crop to sunflower, so it became necessary to study the technological methods of its cultivation in the conditions of the region's farms. The selection of modern highly productive flax varieties adapted to local soil and climatic conditions, new elements of cultivation technology, the use of highly effective herbicides, various forms, as well as the required doses of mineral fertilizers for planned yields, optimization of seeding rates are relevant at the present stage of development of agricultural production. Experiments with oil flax were laid in 2014-2016. on the southern black soil. In the experiment, the influence of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with disinfectants, with the introduction of specified doses of mineral fertilizers on the development of the crop by growth phases, as well as their influence on the structure of crop elements, was studied. The dynamics of the development of oil flax differed by years of research, development phases and depended on the forms of mineral fertilizers. So, in the “seedlings” phase, the indicators of the above-ground dry matter mass for three years on average in the control ranged from 0.05 to 0.07 t/ha, in variants with fertilizers from 0.07 to 0.14 t/ha. In the “herringbone” phase, the dry matter content increased by 2 times compared to the seedling phase, in the “budding” phase by 4.5 times, and in the “flowering” phase by 2.5 times in relation to the “budding” phase. Doses of mineral fertilizers influenced the structure of the crop, increasing the number of stems per 1 m2 up to 292...310 pieces, stem length up to 0.543...0.567 and 0.431...0.477 m, the number of bolls per plant up to 25.4...30.0 pieces, the number of seeds in a box and on one plant is up to 8.4 ... 10.0 and 226 ... 261.2 pcs. depending on experience. Seed yield on average for 2014-2016 without fertilizers was 1.37 t/ha, and in variants with fertilizers it increased to 1.5...1.68 t/ha.

THE PHENOLOGY, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF POTATO PLANTS DEPENDING ON THE TIMING OF MANURE APPLICATION

The studies were conducted to identify the influence of the timing of litter manure application in conjunction with mineral fertilizers and planting density on the duration of potato development phases and plant height. The experiments were laid by a systematic method with a tiered arrangement of variants in the experiment, the repetition is 3-fold. Research methods: descriptive method and methods of field experiments. Phenological observations in experiments have shown that the doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of manure application have some effect on the phases of potato plant development and plant growth. The lowest plants were obtained in variants without manure application and its application in winter on snow. The tallest plants are noted when applying manure under the chill and during spring application. This work is of practical importance for the cultivation of potatoes on dark chestnut soils of the Republic of Kazakhstan under irrigation with the use of optimal doses of mineral fertilizers and manure.

Влияние минеральных удобрений на формирование зерна кукурузы на каштановых почвах Волгоградской области

The article presents materials on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the formation of corn grain when cultivated on chestnut soils in the Volgograd region. When corn is grown for grain, on the southern chernozems of the Volgograd region under irrigation, the limiting factor is the content of nutrients in the soil. This is evidenced by the high responsiveness of corn to the applied mineral fertilizers. Corn differs from most annual cereals in its thick stalk, tall growth and powerful large leaves. In the dynamics of nutrients, under corn crops, the following pattern was observed: the content of nitrates in the soil increased until the corn flowering phase, then it decreased due to their consumption during flowering and filling; the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen increased in the soil before the isolation of the corn grain. The results of our research showed that corn is a very demanding crop for nitrogen. The daily need for nitrogen in the heading-flowering phase is about 1.6 kg. Half of the amount of nitrogen required was absorbed during the fundamental phase of corn growth and development. There were no distinctive features in the presence of available phosphorus in hybrid crops in the initial stages. The content of potassium in the soil in the post-harvest period in the variants without fertilization decreased by 2 times compared to its content before sowing, while in the variants with the use of specified doses of mineral fertilizers, this decrease was 24% on average for the variants. The purpose of the research was to substantiate the influence of agricultural practices, under conditions of regular irrigation against the background of the calculated background of mineral fertilizers, on the cultivation of domestic corn hybrids.

Состояние и тенденции развития рисоводства в Краснодарском крае

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state and trends in the development of rice cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory from the standpoint of environmentally safe production. Based on the current trend, it presents a forecast of yield, acreage and gross rice harvest for the period up to 2035. It has been established that the yield of rice in the Krasnodar Territory is steadily growing, but the presented dynamics of changes in acreage and gross rice harvest indicate the insufficient effectiveness of the applied technology of cultivation of this crop, based on the introduction of high doses of mineral fertilizers. The presented forecast of the growth of the volumes of applied mineral fertilizers indicates their enormous increase with a rapid decrease in the proportion of humus and deterioration of the environmental situation. To change the current practice, the article proposes the use of an ecosystem approach as a conceptual basis for the organization of land use in rice-growing areas. This approach is based on resource-saving technologies and the use of moderate, environmentally and economically justified doses of mineral fertilizers.

Reducing the dose of mineral fertilizers using organomineral bionutrients

The results of work on the creation of a line of complex bionutrients mainly of organomineral synthesis and biological origin, based on physical methods of activation of known and long-used in agricultural practice products of metabolism of living organisms (animals- microorganisms- annelids), which, due to the activation of metabolic processes in plants, would enhance the immune status of plants and improve metabolic processes, thereby reducing the need for chemical pesticides and mineral fertilizers. The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of the use of a bionutrient based on a combination of activated humates and organo-mineral compounds in a field experiment on winter wheat at various levels of mineral nutrition. It was found that the combined use of mineral fertilizers and bionutrients increased the yield of winter wheat by 22-23%. According to the impact on the yield of winter wheat, the use of bionutrients in the dry year of 2022 guaranteed and more effectively replaced the use of mineral fertilizers. With an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers in winter wheat grain, the content of gluten and protein increased. A similar increase in the content of gluten and protein was noted in winter wheat grain treated with a bionutrient preparation. The combined use of NPK and bionutrient caused the highest content of gluten and protein in winter wheat grain. The use of the bionutrients contributed to an increase in ear productivity, improved overwintering and plant survival during the growing season, and increased plant resistance to Swedish fly infestation.

ВЫНОС ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПИТАНИЯ ОВОЩНЫМИ КУЛЬТУРАМИ ПРИ КАПЕЛЬНОМ ОРОШЕНИИ В САРАТОВСКОМ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖЬЕ

To successfully solve the problem of import substitution of vegetable products, it is necessary to significantly increase the yield of vegetable crops in Russia. A large role in increasing yields belongs to the correct fertilizer system, the development of which requires knowledge of the removal of nutrients and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on it. Taking into account that for vegetable crops grown in the steppe zone of the Saratov Right Bank, data on the removal of nutrients were not determined, the purpose of the research was to experimentally determine the removal of the main vegetable crops – tomatoes, late cabbage and eggplant, and to study the effect on this indicator and yield of drip irrigation regimes and norms of mineral fertilizers on the chernozems of the southern region. Experimental methods were used in the work – field and laboratory experiments to study the yield and removal of nutrients by the studied vegetable crops under different modes of water and mineral nutrition with drip irrigation, and statistical methods – dispersion and correlation analysis. The article presents the results of research on the influence of irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates on the removal of nutrients and the productivity of varieties of valuable vegetable crops during drip irrigation on the chernozem of the southern Saratov Right Bank; The coefficients of the removal of batteries per 1 ton of the main and by-products of tomatoes, late white cabbage and eggplant at different agrophones were determined. The dependences of the removal of nutrition elements of tomato varieties on the irrigation norm and the total dose of fertilizers, the removal of NPK eggplant from the doses of mineral fertilizers are established. It is proved that all the studied crops formed the highest yield at the calculated dose for an increased yield level, while their reaction to the improvement of the water regime was different. The highest yield of late white cabbage of the Amager variety 611 85.59 t /ha of commercial heads and eggplant fruits of the Black Handsome variety 88.69 t / ha was obtained under irrigation regime of 90% NV, and tomatoes – at 80% NV

Technological development in maize cultivation

With limited financial, material and labour resources, agricultural production has to optimize technology solutions for important crop cultivation. “Green” economy current trends recommend using soil treatment and crop tending technologies that are able to minimize doses of organic and mineral fertilizers applied, to reduce the degree to which plants have been treated with chemicals. This will generally improve the environmental safety of farming. Maize is one of the most important raw materials for animal feed, in varying degrees of cob ripeness it is used as green feed, harvested as silage or as mature grain. An affordable way of livestock product cost reduction is to save on direct production costs. It has been proposed to improve the maize cultivation technology under the specific farm conditions in the Nonchernozem belt of Russia, through replacing mechanic means, combining several operations in one run and substituting fertilizers in a rational way. It has been proposed to replace tractors MTZ-82.1 and K744R1 with more productive and economical New Holland T8.390 and New Holland T4 F. Ploughing can be performed with simultaneous application of complex fertilizers (diasophoska) and disс ploughing. The Vaderstad TopDown 900 is offered as a seedbed maker. The Challenger CH9824 seed planter has been replaced with the John Deere DB37, which provides simultaneous fertilizer application. The picker Acros 595 has been replaced with the more efficient and economical John Deere X9. Original pesticides have also been replaced with cheaper counterparts. As a result of the technological development, direct costs were reduced by 9.6%.

Энергетическое обоснование выращивания лука репчатого в условиях юга России

The presented article displays the materials of the energy feasibility of the cultivation of onions in the Lower Volga. The production of onion on irrigated plantations becomes possible by introducing more modern technological methods of cultivation into the technological scheme, where the issues of optimization and energy saving, water and nutrient regimes of the soil come to the fore. But in modern times, the vegetable direction in this zone has some difficulties when growing on drip irrigation. First of all, this is insufficient financing of irrigated lands in operation, a significant part of which has fallen into a dilapidated existence. Existing methods of irrigation (by furrows, sprinkling) entail large losses of water associated with evaporation during transportation to the place of cultivation of the crop, as well as at the time of application. In this regard, there is an urgent need, from an energy point of view, to switch to more energy-saving methods of irrigation, a typical representative of which is drip irrigation. In early 2000, drip irrigation began to be actively introduced into the fields of the Lower Volga region. This began to lead to a significant increase in the coefficient of rational use of the irrigated area. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of growing onion on irrigated plantations, it is necessary to widely introduce modern, latest technologies. In this regard, the developed energy methods of onion cultivation are of practical and scientific interest. The purpose and objectives of the research were to develop scientifically based water-saving irrigation regimes for the main vegetable crops in the conditions of chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region, due to a comprehensive assessment of modern methods of cultivation technology and in combination with differentiation of the depth of the moistened layer and the pre-irrigation moisture threshold during the growing season, would allow, along with with the use of calculated doses of mineral and water-soluble fertilizers, to obtain the planned yields with the rational use of material and energy resources.

Cavitation technology for the production of bionutrients from coprolites and evaluation of their effectiveness

The article presents the results of the development of a technology and a production line for the production of bionutrients for use in crop production in order to increase plant resistance to adverse climatic factors and reduce doses of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. The technology is based on the bioconversion of organic animal waste into coprolites (biohumus), uses the nutritional activity of earthworms. and this is a kind of solid-phase fermentation, where the fermented mass is a heterophase system of the type: solid phase - liquid - gas. Compost as the basis for the vital activity of earthworms is prepared by accelerated biotechnological processing of animal manure and other organic materials. Nutrients are converted by worms into coprolites - forms available to plants.. The humus of coprolites differs in chemical composition from humus formed in the soil with the participation of microflora, in that polymerization processes of low molecular weight decomposition products of organic substances develop in the digestive canal of worms and humic acid molecules are formed. The resulting product was tested for effectiveness on winter rye crops. A noticeable increase in resistance to climatic factors and an increase in yield while maintaining high nutritional qualities is shown.

IMPACT OF AZOLLA WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER RATES ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION IN ZUCCHINI

The challenge of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) for preserving the environment and increase the food production is one of the main challenges in the agricultural sector to face climate change impact. This challenge encourages the world for maximaizing the mineral fertilizers’ efficiency with the less utilized amount. This paper aims to evalualte the efficacy of Azolla on vegetative growth, fruit quality, yield and storability in zucchini with utilizing different rates of mineral fertilizers. The experiment was carried out in the experimental farm of Dokki site for Protected Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2022 and 2023. Three different treatments of mineral fertilizers were applied on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), which represented 100, 75 and 50% of the recommended dose of NPK. The applied fertilizer treatments were represented once with Azolla (soil addition at rate 5g/plant) and once without. The best vegetative and fruit properties, nutritional status of plants and yield of Zucchini were revealed by the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers (100%). The treated soil with Azolla indicated significant higher measurements such as growth, NPK content of plants, yield and properties of zucchini fruits compared with the untreated soil plants. The highest yield was recorded with the recommended mineral fertilizer dose and the treated soil with Azolla. The less mineral fertilizer treatment (75% of the recommended dose) with the treated soil of Azolla had achieved higher nutrient content, physical and chemical properties than using the recommended dose of mineral fertilizer without Azolla, however the recommended dose of mineral fertilizer without Azolla showed higher yield and fruit quality higher the 75% mineral fertilizers with adding Azolla. The highest nutrient use efficiency was performed with Azolla treatment and 50% of mineral fertilizer. The highest revenue and net profit appeared by 100% mineral fertilizers with adding Azolla, but with low to insignificant difference between the same fertilization dose with non-Azolla addition. While 75% mineral fertilizers with adding Azolla showed a high revenue and net profit with a significant difference (close to double) between the same fertilization dose with non-Azolla addition.

Combined Effect of Doses of Fertilizer and Different Densities on Agronomic Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa (L.)) Adapted in Humid Area in The Valley of Benoué, Cameroon

The study was conducted on July 2021, at the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD). The main objective of the study was to determine the dose of mineral fertilizers and densities which respond well to the rice culture, variety Nerica L36 in a humid area of the valley of Benoué. Fertilizers doses were: T1 (0 kg NPKSB+100 Kg Urea/ha); T2 (150 kg NPKSB+100 Kg Urea/ha); T3 (200 kg NPKSB+100 Kg Urea/ha; T4 (250 kg NPKSB+100 Kg Urea/ha). Three densities were considered: De1= 20 cm x 20 cm; De2= 25cm x 25cm; De3= 30 cm x 30 cm. The experimental design was a split-plot, with two factors in three replications: Factor 1 concerning fertilizers doses and Factor 2 relating to densities. Evaluation parameters were: the height of plant, the number of tillers, the number of panicle/plants, length of panicles, heading date at 80 % and maturity date. Harvest data collected were: the number of grains/panicles, weight of 1000 grains, potential yields. The results showed that the effect of different amounts especially doses 2, 3 and 4 were highly significant (P≤0.05) in influencing the height of plant, number of tillers, number of panicles/plants, length of panicles for all densities. These densities were considered suitable for growing aspect of rice. On the other hand, the densities 1 and 2 were suitable for the element of heading date at 80 % for the doses 1 and 2, maturity date with dose 1. However, yield aspects were most significant (P≤0.05) with the dose 2, 3 and 4 on a number of grains/panicles and potential yield especially, which permit us to deduce that densities 1, 2 and 3 were suitable for these yield parameters