Doping Of Metal Elements Research Articles

Dielectric properties of (N, B) and (N, Cl) co-doped rutile TiO2 ceramics

Extensive studies on TiO2-based colossal permittivity (CP, dielectric constant ε’ >103) materials have focused on the cation doping of metal elements; however, little attention has been paid to nonmetallic dopants. Compared to metallic elements, nonmetallic atoms with small radii and high activities, such as H, C, B, and N, can be used as anion-doping elements. Their incorporation into the TiO2 lattice includes interstitial and substitutional doping, which can influence the bandgap of TiO2 and its electron transport performance differently, thereby exhibiting considerable potential in TiO2-based applications. In this study, different N-containing compounds (BN and NH4Cl) were doped into rutile TiO2, while homogeneous ceramics of single-phase rutile TiO2 were prepared via solid-state sintering. The effects of co-doping N, Cl, and N, B on the dielectric properties of rutile TiO2 ceramics were investigated. While N and Cl doping showed no considerable effect on the dielectric properties of rutile TiO2 ceramics, the co-doping of N and B doping in rutile TiO2 considerably increased the dielectric constant to >104 with suppressed tan δ in a wide frequency range from 1 kHz to 10 MHz. These ceramics exhibited excellent frequency stability (up to 100 MHz) and temperature stability (153–513 K), which outperforms most reported transition metal co-doped TiO2 ceramics, thereby highlighting the untapped potential of the non-metallic dopants in enhancing dielectric materials.

Boron-manganese-nitrogen co-doped three-dimensional porous carbon realizes superior capacitive lithium-ion storage

Three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon has sufficient specific surface area and anchor positioning points. The pore structure facilitates uniform charge distribution, and buffers volume changes during stripping. However, single carbon materials have limited theoretical capacity and short cycle life. Here, 3D porous carbon material BCN/Mn-6 (B,N and Mn co-doped porous carbon with 6 mmol Mn content) co-doped with manganese, boron and nitrogen was synthesized by heat treatment. Affective modulation of the material structure and surface functional groups was achieved by adjusting the amount of manganese doping. The metal element doping can promote the diffusion of lithium ions, and the formed vacancies and defects can be used as lithium storage sites. Nitrogen doping can improve the dispersion and stability of metals and oxides, and regulate the redox capacity. Co-doping of metals and heteroatoms synergistically improves electrical conductivity. Thus, BCN/Mn-6 exhibits excellent cycling stability (99.60 % Coulombic efficiency after 300 cycles) and specific capacity (779.9 mAh/g), and shows capacity rise. This study provides a new direction for the preparation of carbon-based electrode materials doped with heteroatoms and the study of capacitive energy storage mechanisms.

First-principles study of the effect of alkaline-earth metal doping on the intrinsic MoSe2 photovoltaic properties

In this study, the effect of alkaline-earth metal element doping on the photoelectric properties of intrinsic MoSe2 is systematically investigated based on the first-principles approach, and it is believed that the findings of this work will give some theoretical guidance for future research on MoSe2 doping modification. The results show that all the doping systems exhibit good stability, and Be atom doping has the lowest formation energy value, making the doping easier to produce. The doping of alkaline-earth metal elements resulted in some lattice distortion of MoSe2. Intrinsic MoSe2 is a semiconductor with a direct bandgap of 1.498[Formula: see text]eV, and the doping of alkaline-earth metal elements causes the bandgap value to decrease in each system, and the bandgap is the smallest when Be is doped. All doped systems exhibit P-type conducting properties. Compared with the intrinsic MoSe2, all doped systems have their conduction band fraction moved to the low-energy direction overall, and new density of states peaks appear near the Fermi energy level. These state density peaks mainly originate from the results contributed by the s-orbitals of each doping system Mo-4d, Se-4p, and each dopant atom. The analysis of the work function reveals that the work function of each doped system is smaller than the intrinsic MoSe2, then the energy required for the occurrence of electron leaps is reduced, which improves the electron mobility of the doped system. The Mulliken Population analysis shows that stable chemical bonds are formed between the doped alkaline-earth metal elements and the surrounding Se atoms. The examination of the optical characteristics demonstrated that, in comparison to the intrinsic MoSe2, all doped systems’ greatest dielectric absorption peaks were attenuated and moved toward the low-energy region; the doping of alkaline-earth metal elements broadened the light absorption edge of the intrinsic MoSe2. The absorption peaks of each doping system are shifted toward the low-energy region with the red-shift phenomenon, and the light absorption is good in the ultraviolet region.

Effects of metal element doping on the lubrication behaviors and mechanisms of gallium-based liquid metals

Gallium-based liquid metals (GLMs) are a novel high-end lubricant with low friction coefficient and excellent load-carrying capacity. This paper aims to improve the lubrication properties of GLMs by regulating the frictional interfaces. Six types of GLMs doped with Zn, Mg, Bi, Cu, Ti, or Sc elements are prepared respectively, and the effects of metal element doping on the lubrication behaviors and mechanisms for AISI 440C steel self-mated pairs are investigated in the mixed lubrication regime with a ball-on-three-plate setup. Doping 1 wt% Zn or Cu elements can improve the lubrication properties, with the friction coefficient reduced by 20.3 % and the wear rate reduced by 55.1 % compared with those under eutectic Ga/In/Sn lubrication. However, doping Ti, Sc, Mg, or Bi all reduce the lubrication properties. Doping Zn improves the lubrication properties of GLMs by promoting the adsorption of gallium on the frictional interfaces. Conversely, doping Bi inhibits the adsorption of gallium. The improvement in the lubrication properties of Cu-doped GLM is attributed to the formation of low-hardness CuGa2 particles. The doping of Ti or Sc generates high-hardness TiGa3 or ScGa3 particles, causing three-body abrasive wear. The doping of Mg generates a large number of Mg2Ga5 particles, seriously disrupting the stable lubrication.

Transition metal Co induce CoSe2/NiWSe2 interface structural reorganization for efficient oxygen evolution reaction and urea oxidation reaction

Urea-containing wastewater has become an increasingly serious environmental and energy problem. The use of electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) technology to treat wastewater containing urea has gained considerable significance. The regulation of the composition and electronic properties of the catalyst by doping transition metal elements is crucial for the development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and UOR catalysts with high catalytic activity. In this paper, WSe2, CoSe2, NiWSe2 and CoSe2/NiWSe2 were synthesized by hydrothermal method combined with annealing treatment. Compared with WSe2, CoSe2, and NiWSe2, the OER and UOR catalytic activity of CoSe2/NiWSe2 are significantly improved. For OER, a low overpotential of 1.44 V is all that is needed to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The overpotential of UOR is only 1.32 @ 10 mA cm−2, and it can still maintain excellent electrochemical stability after 30 h. The electronic structure of CoSe2/NiWSe2 is changed by the incorporation of Co, thereby improving the conductivity and accelerating the reaction kinetics. CoSe2 particles are uniformly distributed on the layered NiWSe2 nanosheets, which promotes the charge transfer and synergistic effect at the interface between CoSe2 and NiWSe2. The nanoflower-like structure with thin edges enriches the active sites of CoSe2/NiWSe2. Therefore, the transition metal element doping technology can provide a new method for the development of efficient OER and UOR electrocatalysts and provide a new way to reduce the overall energy consumption during urea degradation.

Cu doping enhanced ZnIn2S4/TiO2(VO) Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting

The design and synthesis of efficient photocatalysts for overall water splitting is a promising research topic. By reasonable modification, the hydrogen evolution photocatalyst can have the ability for overall water splitting. Both ZnIn2S4 and TiO2 have shown great potential in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, but their use for efficient overall water splitting is challenging. In this work, a Z-scheme heterojunction material of Cu-doped ZnIn2S4 composite TiO2 with rich oxygen vacancies was synthesized. Cu doping enhanced the light absorption, reduced the bandgap, and improved photocatalytic activity. In addition, the oxygen vacancies in TiO2 were conducive to the separation and migration of electron-hole pairs, and the construction of a Z-scheme heterojunction between ZnIn2S4 and TiO2 can also effectively promote the separation and migration of carriers. Therefore, the photocatalytic activity of this material was significantly improved and exhibited excellent overall water splitting activity without any sacrificial agents and co-catalysts. The optimized hydrogen and oxygen evolution rates were 589.64 μmol/g/h and 292.75 μmol/g/h, respectively. This work provided favorable evidence for metal element doping to promote the photocatalytic activity of composite heterojunction materials and provided a new strategy for the development of heterojunction photocatalysts for overall water splitting.

Transition metal element doping to optimize the photochromic properties of WO3

This research prepared a photochromic material of WO3 doped with Mo or Cu through a solvothermal method. The material exhibits selective absorption of UV light in the 200–350-nm range. The crystal structure of WO3 remained unchanged after doping, but the bandgap was reduced, thereby increasing its coloration rate. The doping of Mo or Cu brought different new features to WO3: Mo-doping imparted a purple hue upon UV irradiation, whereas Cu-doping accelerated the bleaching of WO3 due to its multi-valent state. WO3-0.1Mo and WO3-0.1Cu were preferentially selected through a practical photochromic process and bandgap calculations, and further used to prepare photochromic ink. This ink is suitable for the preparation of writing and photochromic rewriting paper and retains good photochromic properties even after 50 uses.

Tunable Electronic Transport of New-Type 2D Iodine Materials Affected by the Doping of Metal Elements.

2D iodine structures under high pressures are more attractive and valuable due to their special structures and excellent properties. Here, electronic transport properties of such 2D iodine structures are theoretically studied by considering the influence of the metal-element doping. In equilibrium, metal elements in Group 1 can enhance the conductance dramatically and show a better enhancement effect. Around the Fermi level, the transmission probability exceeds 1 and can be improved by the metal-element doping for all devices. In particular, the device density of states explains well the distinctions between transmission coefficients originating from different doping methods. Contrary to the "big" site doping, the "small" site doping changes transmission eigenstates greatly, with pronounced electronic states around doped atoms. In non-equilibrium, the conductance of all devices is almost weaker than the equilibrium conductance, decreasing at low voltages and fluctuating at high voltages with various amplitudes. Under biases, K-big doping shows the optimal enhancement effect, and Mg-small doping exhibits the most effective attenuation effect on conductance. Contrastingly, the currents of all devices increase with bias linearly. The metal-element doping can boost current at low biases and weaken current at high voltages. These findings contribute much to understanding the effects of defects on electronic properties and provide solid support for the application of new-type 2D iodine materials in controllable electronics and sensors.

The improvement of thermoelectric properties of SnSe by alkali metal doping

Selenium selenide (SnSe) has attracted widespread attention because of its environmental friendliness and ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity. Single-crystal SnSe has been discovered to exhibit a high ZT value, but its mechanical qualities are weak and its manufacturing process is complicated, rendering it unsuitable for commercial usage. Polycrystalline SnSe is facile to synthesis; however, due to its weakened electrical performance, it has a poor thermoelectric property. In this study, polycrystalline SnSe samples are prepared using hydrothermal synthesis combined with vacuum sintering, and their thermoelectric properties are modulated using alkali metal element doping.

Enhanced photo-Fenton-like performance of biotemplated manganese-doped cobalt silicate catalysts

Cobalt-based catalysts are one of the preferred materials for effective activation of hydrogen peroxide, and metal element doping and active site dispersion are effective methods to enhance their catalytic activity. In this work, manganese-doped cobalt silicate@diatomite composites with enhanced photo-Fenton-like oxidation performance were prepared and used for degradation of methyl orange (MO) dyes. Experiments showed that manganese doping increased the specific surface area of the samples and decreased the band gap energy of the materials. Moreover, the samples doped with manganese elements had better photo-Fenton-like properties. The degradation of methyl orange by Co0.25MnSi@DE/H2O2-UV reached more than 95%. In addition, density-functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the Mn-doped samples were more prone to activate H2O2 than non-manganese-doped samples, and the synergistic effect from using a bimetallic catalyst increased the photo-Fenton oxidation activity in the system. ESR spectroscopy and bursting tests indicated that the possible degradation mechanism consisted of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals generated by the synergistic effect of cobalt ions and manganese under UV radiation. This study thus presents a feasible idea for the preparation of cobalt-based photo-Fenton catalysts that also provides a basis for understanding the catalytic mechanism analysis of other types of bimetallic catalysts.

Potential high-temperature superconductivity in the substitutional alloy of (Y,Sr)H11 under high pressure

The recently synthesized ${\mathrm{SrH}}_{22}$, with a rich amount of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ units, is predicted with low superconductivity, since two hydrogen (H) atoms in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ units are inclined to stay together by forming a well-known sigma bond, where H electrons tend to occupy the low-lying energy level far below the Fermi energy, resulting in a less H populated Fermi surface. Of particular interest, for ${\mathrm{SrH}}_{22}$ or other similar ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$-rich hydrides, is to optimize the H electron density of states in the search for high superconductivity. Here, via the strategy of bringing an additional metal element into the binary hydride, in combination with our developed global structure-searching method, we predict a ternary hydride of ${\mathrm{YSrH}}_{22}$. Compared with the parent hydride of ${\mathrm{SrH}}_{22}$, the H electron density of states at the Fermi level of ${\mathrm{YSrH}}_{22}$ is significantly enhanced, due to the favorable charge transfer from metal elements, such as Y, to the antibonding state of the sigma bond of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, where such a bond is broken and H electrons come back to the Fermi surface. Our in-depth analysis indicates that this hydride could be viewed as a substitutional alloy superhydride of $(\mathrm{Y},\mathrm{Sr}){\mathrm{H}}_{11}$ with an estimated superconducting critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ of 240 K at 175 GPa, which is much higher than that of ${\mathrm{SrH}}_{22}$ (${T}_{c}=21\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$ and ${\mathrm{LaH}}_{11}$ (${T}_{c}=13\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$) both at 200 GPa. Our current findings not only offer a platform to tune the superconductivity of binary superhydrides ${\mathrm{SrH}}_{22}$ and ${\mathrm{LaH}}_{11}$, via the strategy of metal element doping, but also provide a roadmap in the search for high superconductivity, even toward room-temperature superconductivity, in the family of ternary alloy superhydrides.

Effect of B-Doping and Manifestation on TiO2-Supported IrO2 for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Water Electrolysis.

To commercialize hydrogen production by proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, the amount of rare and precious metal (iridium) required for anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) must be greatly reduced. In order to solve the problem, carrier loading is used to reduce the amount of iridium. Unlike the carrier modified by conventional metal element doping, this work doped the carrier with the nonmetallic element and then prepared IrO2/TiBxO2 composite catalyst using the Adams melting method. B-doped TiO2 supports with different doping amounts show the main phase rutile structure. Among them, the conductivity of B-doped carrier shows an increasing trend with the increase of doping amount, because boron can form holes and negative centers after doping, and more carriers improve the conductivity of the support. In addition, since element B is manifested from inside to outside on the support, B can affect the catalytic process. After the manifestation of element B, the carrier loaded with IrO2 exhibited superior electrocatalytic properties. The voltammetric charge per unit mass of 40IrO2/TiB0.3O2#2 (where #2 represents B after manifestation) reaches 1970 mC (cm2 mg)-1, the corresponding overpotential is 273 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm-2, and the Tafel slope is 61.9 mV/dec Also, the charge transfer resistance is only 15 Ω. Finally, in the stability test, the composite catalyst is also better than pure IrO2 in the 20 000 s operation. Therefore, element B has an unexpectedly positive effect on the catalytic progress on the surface of the support after its manifestation.

Ferroelectricity and pseudo-coherent growth in HfO2/SrHfO3 nanolaminates

Ferroelectricity in thin films of HfO2 has been the subject of extensive studies in materials science as well as device applications. The emergence of ferroelectricity is attributable to the orthorhombic phase (Pca21) of HfO2, stabilized in the films by metal-element doping, strains from substrates and electrode films, and oxygen deficiency. Recently, ferroelectricity has been reported in nanolaminates of HfO2 with other oxides such as ZrO2 and Al2O3, implying that nanolaminates are another effective way to bring about ferroelectricity in HfO2. However, the mechanism of orthorhombic phase stabilization in nanolaminates is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that ferroelectricity emerges in nanolaminates consisting of undoped HfO2 and perovskite SrHfO3 deposited on Sn-doped In2O3 bottom electrodes, when the thickness of HfO2 layers was ≥6 nm. For nanolaminates in which the thickness of the HfO2 layers was ≤5 nm, ferroelectricity was remarkably suppressed due to Sr-incorporation into the HfO2 layers at the interface. In those nanolaminates, the crystal orientations of HfO2 grains were well aligned throughout the HfO2 layers, indicating that the HfO2 layers grew in a pseudo-coherent manner. This study aids to understand the stabilization of the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase in nanolaminates in terms of their structural properties.

Synthesis of Microsheets Bi4Ti3O12 and Bi4Ti2.95V0.05O12 via Molten NaCl-KCl Salt Method

Bi4Ti3O12 is a tri-layer Aurivillius member compound that was reported to have good photocatalytic properties. Metal element doping and morphological particle tuning are strategies to increase photocatalyst activity. In this research, the compound micro sheets Bi4Ti3O12 and Bi4Ti2.95V0.05O12 were synthesized using molten NaCl/KCl salt. The diffractogram shows that the Bi4Ti3O12 sample was successfully synthesized, however, there are still found impurities at the Bi4Ti2.95V0.05O12 sample. Micrographs showed that the morphology particle samples is. The results of UV-Vis DRS spectra calculation show that both samples have a band gap energy of ~2.97 eV.

Activating basal plane of Janus VSSe for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction by non-noble metal element doping: A first-principal study

Searching electrocatalysts with excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance is very important for developing clean hydrogen energy. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied as HER electrocatalysts, however, the basal planes of 2D materials, which dominate the surface area, are usually with poor activity. In this work, we theoretically studied the HER activity of Janus 2H–VSSe with or without non-noble metal element doping. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that doping As and Si atoms in the S or Se sites of VSSe and the C and Ge atoms in the Se site of VSSe greatly promote the HER performance of the basal plane of VSSe, resulting in hydrogen adsorption free energy close to zero (i.e. −0.022, −0.040, 0.066, 0.065, −0.030, 0.058 eV, respectively), which are better than the Pt catalyst (−0.09 eV). The doped atoms strengthen the interaction between their pz-orbital and the hydrogen s-orbital, resulting in a lower bonding state in energy and higher bind strength for the hydrogen atom. This work opens up a new way to design highly efficient and low-cost catalysts for HER.

Effect of ash in biodiesel combustion particulate matter on the oxidation characteristics of carbon soot

This study investigates the effect of ash in biodiesel combustion particulate matter on the oxidation characteristics of carbon soot within a diesel particulate trap. Samples of pigment-U engineered carbon soot were mixed with different biodiesel ashes using an impregnation method. The samples were subjected to 24 h of heating at 120 °C and 2 h of heating at 350 °C before treatment. The oxidation activity, structural properties and the elemental species of the manufactured carbon soot were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, specific surface area and pore analysis, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The oxidation characteristics of the carbon soot were investigated with different metal elements, masses and metal salt types. The results show that the doping of metal elements and metal salt types can increase the oxidation activity of the carbon soot, with Na elements and nitrate having the greatest effect on the oxidation activity. Doping with metal elements and metal salt species can make the structural orderliness and graphitization of the soot decrease, and the O and CO contents increase to different degrees. Sodium (Na) and nitrate have the greatest influence on the soot structural properties, with the numerical ratios and area ratios between peaks being the largest. Doping with Na results in an ID1/IG value of 1.44, and an AD3/AG value of 1.53. The CO content of soot doped with Na is the greatest, reaching 4.7%. The oxygen content of soot doped with Na carbonate is the largest, reaching 5.5%.

Hetero-Element-Doped Molybdenum Oxide Materials for Energy Storage Systems.

In order to meet the growing demand for the electronics market, many new materials have been studied to replace traditional electrode materials for energy storage systems. Molybdenum oxide materials are electrode materials with higher theoretical capacity than graphene, which was originally used as anode electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. In subsequent studies, they have a wider application in the field of energy storage, such as being used as cathodes or anodes for other ion batteries (sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, etc.), and electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, molybdenum oxide materials have serious volume expansion concerns and irreversible capacity dropping during the cycles. To solve these problems, doping with different elements has become a suitable option, being an effective method that can change the crystal structure of the materials and improve the performances. Therefore, there are many research studies on metal element doping or non-metal doping molybdenum oxides. This paper summarizes the recent research on the application of hetero-element-doped molybdenum oxides in the field of energy storage, and it also provides some brief analysis and insights.

Design heterostructure of NiS–NiS2 on NiFe layered double hydroxide with Mo doping for efficient overall water splitting

NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based materials arouse great attention because of their outstanding catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions. However, its catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under alkaline conditions is relatively poor. Herein, to improve the HER catalytic activity of NiFe LDH under alkaline conditions, we design a heterostructure of NiS and NiS2 on NiFe LDH and successfully achieve Mo element doping. The catalyst named NiFe-LDH@Mo–NiS–NiS2/NF possesses a three-dimensional nano-flower-like structure and shows an outstanding catalytic performance for both HER and OER. Specifically, in 1 M KOH solution, it requires the low overpotentials of 261 and 120 mV to achieve the current density of 50 and 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER, respectively. Simultaneously, when NiFe-LDH@Mo–NiS2–NiS/NF is used as the bifunctional catalysts, it only needs a low voltage of 1.63 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The outstanding catalytic performance is attributed to its special heterostructure and the synergy between Mo and NiSx, resulting in comparability with most reported non-noble metal-based catalysts. The doping of metal elements and the construction of heterostructures provide new ideas for the structure regulation and performance improvement of bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Adsorption of Ag on M-doped graphene: First principle calculations

Graphene is an ideal reinforcing phase for a high-performance composite filler, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for improving the wettability and reliability of the filler. However, the poor adsorption characteristics between graphene and the silver base filler significantly affect the application of graphene filler in the brazing field. It is a great challenge to improve the adsorption characteristics between a graphene and silver base filler. To solve this issue, the adsorption characteristic between graphene and silver was studied with first principle calculation. The effects of Ga, Mo, and W on the adsorption properties of graphene were explored. There are three possible adsorbed sites, the hollow site (H), the bridge site (B), and the top site (T). Based on this research, the top site is the most preferentially adsorbed site for Ag atoms, and there is a strong interaction between graphene and Ag atoms. Metal element doping enhances local hybridization between C or metal atoms and Ag. Furthermore, compared with other doped structures (Ga and Mo), W atom doping is the most stable adsorption structure and can also improve effective adsorption characteristic performance between graphene and Ag.

Nitrogen-doped Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ perovskite as an efficient and stable catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

It is of considerable significance to rationally design electrocatalysts with high efficiency for electrochemical water splitting. Perovskite oxides have received great attention as a prospective type of noble-metal-free candidates for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode, because of the intrinsic activity, distinctive physicochemical properties, and abundant compositions. In addition to the conventional metal element doping approach, non-metal element doping is a significant avenue to strikingly enhance the electrochemical performance of perovskite oxides. Herein, nitrogen-doped Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ (SFMON), synthesized by ammonolysis of Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ (SFMO), is exploited as an outstanding electrocatalyst toward catalyzing HER in alkaline media. With the partial substitution of O by N, the increased contents of oxygen vacancy and high-valence Fe in the SFMON are considered to be favorable for enhancing the HER performance. As such, the overpotential of the optimized SFMON-450 is approximately 149 mV less than that of the parent SFMO at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, along with higher mass/specific activity, faster HER kinetics, and increased electrochemical active area. More importantly, the constant hydrogen production prolongs to 40 h at a current density of 50 mA cm−2, much superior to the benchmark Pt/C catalyst, making the SFMON a potential cathode material for water electrolysis devices.