Abstract

In order to meet the growing demand for the electronics market, many new materials have been studied to replace traditional electrode materials for energy storage systems. Molybdenum oxide materials are electrode materials with higher theoretical capacity than graphene, which was originally used as anode electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. In subsequent studies, they have a wider application in the field of energy storage, such as being used as cathodes or anodes for other ion batteries (sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, etc.), and electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, molybdenum oxide materials have serious volume expansion concerns and irreversible capacity dropping during the cycles. To solve these problems, doping with different elements has become a suitable option, being an effective method that can change the crystal structure of the materials and improve the performances. Therefore, there are many research studies on metal element doping or non-metal doping molybdenum oxides. This paper summarizes the recent research on the application of hetero-element-doped molybdenum oxides in the field of energy storage, and it also provides some brief analysis and insights.

Highlights

  • The rapid growth of the population and industrial production have put great pressure on natural resources, and, with the depletion of fossil energy and the rapid development of electronic products, the demands for high energy density and power density energy storage equipment, such as ion batteries and supercapacitors, continues to grow [1,2,3]

  • The abundant mineral materials in nature are used as the matrix for the research of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries [4]

  • Graphite materials have been successfully marketed as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for decades, but the low theoretical specific capacity of 372 mA h g−1 has gradually failed to meet the growing demand for high energy density batteries [8,9]

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Summary

Introduction

The rapid growth of the population and industrial production have put great pressure on natural resources, and, with the depletion of fossil energy and the rapid development of electronic products, the demands for high energy density and power density energy storage equipment, such as ion batteries and supercapacitors, continues to grow [1,2,3]. Among the transition metal oxides, molybdenum oxides have diverse crystal structures, oxidation states, and particular physicochemical properties, such as conductivity, mechanical and thermal stability, as well as cyclability [6] They are wide band gap n-type semiconductors, which plays a vital role in technological applications [7]. Metal doping molybdenum oxides are are attractive as hosts for ions, which can form multiple crystalcrystal structures or phases. 1 summarizes some typical crystal structuresand andnanostructures nanostructuresofof hetero-element-doped hetero-element-dopedmolybdenum molybdenumoxide oxidematerials, materials,as aswell wellas asthe theschematic schematicdiagram diagramofof their application in energy storage systems; the details will be introduced later. Their application in energy storage systems; the details will be introduced later

Alkali Metal-Doped
Alkaline Earth Metal-Doped
Transition Metal-Doped
O8successfully
Non-Metal-Doped
Metal and Non-Metal-Doped Composite
Findings
Summary and Outlook

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