Domestic Utensils Research Articles

Fusion cuisine in the shadow of Mount Olympus: an integrated study of Middle and Late Bronze Age cooking pots

This paper explores the relations developed between Mycenaeans and their northern neighbours through the study of cooking assemblages from four sites in the region of Pieria, in present-day Greek Central Macedonia. A strong connection with the Mycenaean sphere in the 13th -12th century BC has already been indicated through archaeological evidence from graves, but it is the first time that this connection is explored through domestic utensils. Moreover, the four sites cover chronologically the entire Middle and Late Bronze Age – i.e., a time interval corresponding to the whole of the Mycenaean period and the centuries immediately preceding it, c.2000–1100 BC – providing both wide contexts and great time depth. Through a ‘longue durée’ investigation of food preparation using ceramic analysis and contextual associations, we evaluate local and traditional elements of the cooking apparatus vs. new and/or exogenous ones, and identify the time of their introduction. Based on our observations we discuss cultural interaction between the Mycenaean and northern Greek communities as expressed through food preparation, in other words, the transformation of cooking within the specific social and historical contexts of our case studies.

Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites Filled with Recycled Office Waste Paper

ABSTRACT The high production of paper, followed by a more significant concern with environmental and economic issues, has led to greater relevance to paper recycling and its raw uses as composite filler. Composites of polypropylene with 10, 20, and 30 wt.% of recycled office waste paper were produced by injection molding and characterized by mechanical and thermal properties. All composites presented a slight reduction of 15°C in thermal stability compared to the polymeric matrix. Moreover, as the filler amount increased, the degree of crystallinity was reduced proportionally. The mechanical test showed similar tensile strength values among neat polymer andcomposites but also showed an increase in the composite’s tensile modulus, related to the stiffness of the natural filler. The composite with a higher percentage of waste paper (30 wt.%) maintained equivalent properties as neatpolypropylene and other composites (10 and 20 wt.%). Thus, 30 wt.% composites proved to be an excellent material with less synthetic polymer percentage, keeping thermal and mechanical properties comparable to the neat PP.Furthermore, this composite does not need chemical treatment or additives harmful to the environment. It is suitable for future applications in various plastic products such as packaging and domestic utensils.

Metaphor of a House/Home as the Way to Represent a National Symbol of Earth in Russian Linguistic Culture

Considering symbols of culture makes it possible to see the world around us as our ancestors did it. This world is recorded in persistent cognitive models anchored in native speakers’ language consciousness. One of these models is a stereotypical metaphorical image of «Earth – house/home». The house / home is a well-known mythologem that is fundamental in the cultures of almost all peoples living on Earth. According to the study, the mythologema Earth – house in Russian linguistic culture is a fragment in the structure of the macroconcept «Earth». The analysed mythologem is embodied in the language in the form of house metaphors implementing the subject code in Russian linguistic culture. Several clusters can be distinguished among them. The first cluster comprises metaphors forming cognitive signs of parts in the house (a «roof», «walls», «corners», a «ceiling», a «key»). The second one includes metaphors forming signs of domestic utensils (a «pot», a «table», a
 «blanket»). The third one is represented by tenants of the house (a «father», a «mother», a «person»). The fourth cluster includes cognitive signs of the house shape
 (a «circle» – a tent, a «square» – a symbol of the Russian five-walled house). The fifth cluster is characterized by the signs of Russian traditions (hospitality). The sixth one is formed by the signs of living at home-land and leaving it. The material for study is taken from the Russian National Corpus (www.ruscorpora.ru). The main methods of research are descriptive and conceptual.

Изучение тюркоязычного населения юга Западной Сибири сотрудниками Научно-исследовательского института художественной промышленности (НИИХП) в 1950-1970-е годы

In the 1940s-1970s, the ethnographic study of the territory of the modern Republic of Altai was conducted by both ethnographers and representatives of the neighboring sciences. During this period the population of the Altai Mountains became the object of field research of art historians and specialists from the Research Institute of Art Industry (hereinafter referred to as NIIHP). The publication aims to show the contribution of the staff of the Art Industry Research Institute to the study of the Turkic-speaking population of the south of Western Siberia within the historical boundaries of Altai Krai. The publication aims to reveal the routes and results of expeditions on the territory of the Altai Republic to study arts and crafts and decorative-applied art of the indigenous population of the Altai Mountains. The main source base for the research is the archival funds of the Scientific Research Institute of Arts and Crafts, most of which have remained in the All-Russian Museum of Decorative-Applied and Folk Art (hereinafter referred to as VNIIHP). The basis is formed by the reports on scientific topics and business trips, as well as visual sources (sketches, photographs, drawings of artists). The source base created by the staff of the NIIHP is not only varied but also of very high quality due to the high professionalism of the staff artists and photographers of the Institute who participated in the expeditions. The territory of the modern Republic of Altai was covered by the fieldwork of 4 expeditions in the 1950s (1951, 1954, 1955) and one in 1979. The initial interest of the researchers in studying this territory was in the culture of the Turkic-speaking population, Turkic traditions of carpet-weaving, and ornamentation. The main objects of research were the architecture of houses, domestic utensils, clothes, shoes, as well as ornaments, and weaving items. The field expeditionary activity of NIIHP is very important for the study of ethnography of the Turkicspeaking peoples in the south of Western Siberia and opens great potential for its further research in different fields of ethnographic science. The expeditions resulted in the collection of a considerable amount of illustrative material, not introduced into scientific circulation and not analyzed from the standpoint of ethnography Expeditions included the acquisition of exhibits for the Museum of Folk Art of the NIIHP, including those of the Turkic-speaking peoples of the south of Western Siberia, which can be used for research on various topics. Also of interest for researchers are the materials of analytical reports of the NIIHP staff, which can be used for comparison of the results and further analysis.

Exploring the Documentation and Preservation of African Indigenous Knowledge in a Digital Lexical Database

Transcending the boundaries of printed lexicographic resources is becoming easier in the digital age, with e-resources facilitating restrictions on the size and type of information that can be included. In this article we explore innovative ways of documenting and preserving African indigenous knowledge, often underrepresented in traditional dictionaries, in an existing digital lexical database. Our approach is based on the extension of the African Wordnet, a lexical database under construction for nine African languages, in this case applied to isiZulu. This article addresses the challenge of consolidating dispersed indigenous knowledge collected from a variety of sources such as conventional dictionaries, interdisciplinary publications and a flat-structured online database, in a digitised hierarchical wordnet structure. A representative sample of traditional domestic utensils in Zulu culture is used to demonstrate the conversion into a set of typical semantic relations in a wordnet structure. By focusing on filling lexical gaps between isiZulu and English as found in the Princeton WordNet, with culturally relevant synsets, the African Wordnet also becomes a useful resource for natural language processing. Finally, it is shown how the hierarchical classification of selected domestic utensils is visually presented in wordnet graphs in the WordnetLoom interface.

“Desprezo das riquezas”: elementos da cultura material indígena na crônica de João Daniel (século XVIII)

O presente artigo explora a Parte Segunda do volume I do Tesouro Descoberto no Máximo Rio Amazonas, crônica escrita pelo jesuíta João Daniel durante os anos finais de sua vida, enquanto esteve preso em Portugal, após a expulsão dos jesuítas da América portuguesa. O texto, de invejável erudição, tanto mais por ter sido escrito de memória, relata todas as “maravilhas” vistas ou ouvidas pelo autor enquanto atuou como missionário no Estado do Maranhão em meados do século XVIII. A crônica combina uma descrição detalhista com uma visão complexa dos modos de vida dos índios. Por isso, discutimos a lógica da existência e das sociabilidades a partir dos elementos da cultura material mais frequentes na obra, a saber, das armas de guerra, instrumentos de casa (utensílios domésticos) e “brasões de nobreza”; observa-se ainda uma interessante contradição no discurso colonial do cronista.

An important 16th-century finds assemblage from ‘Moorfields’, Liverpool Street, London

SUMMARY: Excavation at Liverpool Street, London, for Crossrail Limited, uncovered two large drains and a pit in an area of the city known since the medieval period as ‘Moorfields’. Their fills can be closely dated to the mid 16th century and included artefacts such as personal possessions, domestic utensils and refuse, and material likely to be waste from leather and textile processing. The combination of excellent preservation, tight dating and an assemblage encompassing all facets of everyday life is seldom encountered for this period, making this a nationally significant assemblage, which is outlined here by broad functional category.

Articles of Dress, Domestic Utensils, Arms and Other Curiosities: Excavating Early 19th-Century Collections from Southern Africa at the London Missionary Society Museum

The stimulus for this article arises from a comparison between missionary collecting in two of the earliest mission fields established by the London Missionary Society (LMS): the Pacific (1797), and southern Africa (1799). As the location to which a large number of Polynesian ‘idols’ were sent following conversion to Christianity, the LMS museum (1814–1910) has gained an important place in Pacific historiography, but the same cannot be said for southern Africa. This article explores the significance of the LMS museum as a site of deposition for material that originated in missionary encounters and exchanges in southern Africa during the first third of the 19th century. It highlights the museum’s potential to provide a source of material evidence that complements not only the texts associated with the documentary archive, but also the material remains associated with the former mission site, the usual foci for historical and archaeological engagements. Particular attention is given to material associated with John Campbell (1766–1840) and Robert Moffat (1795–1883), who travelled extensively in the region and subsequently published accounts of their journeys. Re-situating particular museum artefacts within the specific circumstances of these missionary encounters enables them to stand, not as exemplars of African cultural practices prior to European contact, but rather as forms of evidence that chart historical transformations in material culture across the southern African contact zone.

Market Survey of Non-Timber Forest Products in the Sunyani Municipality

This study sought to: (1) identify the types and sources of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) traded; (2) find the frequencyof the NTFPs trade and (3) identify the challenges in NTFPs trading in the Sunyani Municipality. The survey was carried outfrom February, 2014 to April, 2014 mainly at the Sunyani Central and Nana Bosoma Markets in the Sunyani Municipality. Thetarget population comprised NTFPs collectors (gatherers), sellers and consumers. Respondents were purposively sampled. Atotal of 100 respondents were engaged in this study. The NTFPs were grouped into six categories namely; food, medicine,building materials, packaging materials, artefacts and domestic utensils. Key informants’ interviews were also conducted atthe Sunyani Forest Services Division to triangulate the data already gathered. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was usedto analyze the data obtained. The study demonstrated that domestic utensils (37%), food (33%), medicinal products (12%),packaging materials (9%), artefacts (6%) and building materials (3%) were the types of NTFPs traded in the two market centers.The results also showed that majority of the respondents (77%) harvest their NTFPs from forest lands as against 23% whoharvest from communal lands. A significant proportion of the respondents (52%) traded in above 40 kg of NTFPs and only 4%were seen trading in 10 kg of NTFPs. The study further highlighted that food (28%) and domestic utensils (26%) were regularlybrought to the market centers on weekly basis whilst significant proportions of medicinal products (9%), building materials(3%) and artefacts (4%) were brought to the market venues on monthly basis. Cumbersome permit procedure (40%), increasedmarket demand (15%) and financial constraints (20%) were identified as some of the challenges encountered in NTFPs tradingin the Sunyani Municipality. To ensure strict monitoring and sustainability of the resource, there is the need for sensitizationprogramme on the importance of NTFPs in rural livelihood and why their conservation is vital in meeting the needs of thepresent generation whilst not undermining their potential in supplying the needs of future generations.

Этнические тувинцы сумона Цагаан-Нуур Монголии: исследовательские проблемы

В статье дана историко-этнографическая характеристика субэтнической группы тувинцев, проживающих в сумоне Цагаан-Нуур Хубсугульского аймака Монголии, которых называют цаатанами (самоназвание — туха, тухалары). Источниковой базой исследования стали труды ученых разных лет, а также полевые материалы авторов, собранные во время научных экспедиций к цаатанам в 2010–2011 гг., 2015–2016 гг. Сравнительный анализ, обобщения информации позволили сделать выводы о необходимости дальнейших исследований по отдельным вопросам.Научные исследования цаатанов (этнографические, филологические) проводились в середине ХХ в., новые работы начались с 2000-х годов и в основном производятся учеными Монголии и России (Тувы). Термином «цаатаны» («обладающими оленями») называют тухаларов в самой Монголии из-за ведения оленеводческих хозяйств. В литературе также обсуждаются вопросы об особенностях этнической истории цаатанов, вопросы численности и др.Официальным и межнациональным языком общения в сумоне является монгольский. В быту родным тувинским языком пользуется старшее и среднее поколение тухаларов. Посещение детьми монгольских школ, где тувинский язык не изучается как отдельный предмет, ставит под угрозу исчезновения как тувинский язык, так и основу этнической самоидентификации цаатанов.Основным видом хозяйственной деятельности тувинцев-цаатанов продолжает оставаться разведение таежных оленей. В зависимости от места проживания цаатаны подразделяются на две группы: оленеводы Западной тайги, оленеводы Южной тайги. Наряду с оленеводством, охотничий промысел является одним из основных занятий цаатанов. Охота доставляет таежным жителям не только пищу и одежду, но и жилище. Домашняя утварь максимально приближена к условиям кочевой жизни. В традиционной пище преобладают оленье мясо и молоко. Особенности традиционного быта цаатанов очень близки и к образу жизни тувинцев-оленеводов Тоджинского района Республики Тыва.Цаатаны во многом остаются приверженными самобытному хозяйственному укладу, что позволяет поддерживать многие традиции в значительной сохранности. Однако, соседство с монголами, влияние доминирующей монгольской культуры и языка, а также общие процессы модернизации локальных культур не могут не сказываться на самоидентификации, степени владения языком подрастающих поколений.Фотографии к статье сделаны авторами статьи во время экспедиционной работы в сумоне Цагаан-Нуур Хубсугульского аймака Монголии в сентябре 2011 г.

Phytochemicals from fern species: potential for medicine applications.

Ferns are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants. Historically they have been used in many ways by humans, including as ornamental plants, domestic utensils, foods, and in handicrafts. In addition, they have found uses as medicinal herbs. Ferns produce a wide array of secondary metabolites endowed with different bioactivities that could potentially be useful in the treatment of many diseases. However, there is currently relatively little information in the literature on the phytochemicals present in ferns and their pharmacological applications, and the most recent review of the literature on the occurrence, chemotaxonomy and physiological activity of fern secondary metabolites was published over 20 years ago, by Soeder (Bot Rev 51:442–536, 1985). Here, we provide an updated review of this field, covering recent findings concerning the bioactive phytochemicals and pharmacology of fern species.

Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa survey in a stream receiving effluents from ineffective wastewater hospital plants.

BackgroundMulti-drug resistant forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) are a major source of nosocomial infections and when discharged into streams and rivers from hospital wastewater treatment plants (HWWTP) they are known to be able to persist for extended periods. In the city of Manaus (Western Brazilian Amazon), the effluent of three HWWTPs feed into the urban Mindu stream which crosses the city from its rainforest source before draining into the Rio Negro. The stream is routinely used by Manaus residents for bathing and cleaning (of clothes as well as domestic utensils) and, during periods of flooding, can contaminate wells used for drinking water.Results16S rRNA metagenomic sequence analysis of 293 cloned PCR fragments, detected an abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) at the stream’s Rio Negro drainage site, but failed to detect it at the stream’s source. An array of antimicrobial resistance profiles and resistance to all 14 tested antimicrobials was detected among P. aeruginosa cultures prepared from wastewater samples taken from water entering and being discharged from a Manaus HWWTP. Just one P. aeruginosa antimicrobial resistance profile, however, was detected from cultures made from Mindu stream isolates. Comparisons made between P. aeruginosa isolates’ genomic DNA restriction enzyme digest fingerprints, failed to determine if any of the P. aeruginosa found in the Mindu stream were of HWWTP origin, but suggested that Mindu stream P. aeruginosa are from diverse origins. Culturing experiments also showed that P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and the extent of biofilm formation produced were both significantly higher in multi drug resistant forms of P. aeruginosa.ConclusionsOur results show that a diverse range of MDRPA are being discharged in an urban stream from a HWWTP in Manaus and that P. aeruginosa strains with ampicillin and amikacin can persist well within it.

The Ornamental Design of Traditional Malay Utensils (Kukuran) in Peninsula Malaysia

Woodcarving is a significant craft in Malay society that reflects the local traditions and customs. It is a manifestation of craftsmen artistic skills and intutitive ideas into a piece of wood. It is also manifestation of the creative process of imitation, denaturalization, stylization and abstraction. Historically, the Malay craftsmen have created many attractive traditional art forms and one of it is the coconut graters (kukuran) . The ornamental carved kukuran is closely related to its Malay woodcarving tradition and philosophy. The aim of this paper is to illustrate this tradition of the great traditional Malay kukuran , the testiment of its time through its visual characteristics and design composition. This study presents an analysis of six kukuran , which were gathered from the state museums in Peninsular Malaysia. The discussion is focused on the formalistic and iconology aspects of the kukuran carving ornaments. The finding briefly shows the fusion of Malay concept of beauty, Malay culture and the understanding of Islam had been manifested in these domestic utensils - the ornamental kukuran

The Hanseatic Cultural Signature: Exploring Globalization on the Micro-Scale in Late Medieval Northern Europe

The Hansa formed the principal agent of trade and cultural exchange in northern Europe and the Baltic during the late medieval to early modern periods. Hanseatic urban settlements in northern Europe shared many things in common. Their cultural ‘signature’ was articulated physically through a shared vocabulary of built heritage and domestic goods, from step-gabled brick architecture to clothing, diet, and domestic utensils. The redevelopment of towns on the Baltic littoral over the past 20+ years offers an archaeological opportunity to investigate key attributes of late medieval society on the micro-scale. Such attributes include the development of mercantile capitalism, colonialism, and proto-globalization. For instance, distributions of artefacts now point to the Hansa as an agent of the Reformation movement in northern and western Europe. Where they were once almost exclusively regarded as material evidence for long-distance commercial activity, domestic artefacts, such as table and heating ceramics, are now subject to scrutiny as media for social, cultural, ethnic, and confessional relationships, and combine to create a distinctive Hanseatic material signature. Ceramic case studies illustrate how the archaeology of the Hansa now intersects with the wider historical debate about Europeanisation and proto-globalization arising from the development of long-distance maritime trade from the thirteenth century onwards.

Preparation and characterization of ultra-thin amphiphobic coatings on silicon wafers

Fluorine-based amphiphobic coatings have been widely used in commercial domestic utensils and textiles to repel water and oil contaminants. However, few reports from the literature survey have discussed the effects on amphiphobicity of the nano- to micro-scale surface features of such a coating. In this research thin amphiphobic epoxy coatings based on a mixture of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), and a particular alkoxy silane with fluorinated side chains (F-silane) are deposited on silicon wafers. Film amphiphobicity is characterized by the measurement of water and oil contact angles of the coating. Film morphology is revealed in the scanned images using atomic force microscopy. The deposited films free of F-silane are about 10nm thick. When a small amount of F-silane was firstly added, the water and oil contact angles of the deposited films jumped up to 107° and 69° respectively and then flattened out with increased F-silane. Water droplets gave an average plateau contact angle about 110°, while vegetable oil ones, 40°. It was noted that there is a dramatic decrease in the lyophobicity causing a reduction in contact angles. However, surface lyophobicity also depends on sub-microscopic surface structures. In addition, by increasing TEOS, it was shown that the formed silica sols or granules were helpful in enhancing the mechanical strength along with retaining the lyophobicity of the film.

Superficial tribological transformation of a ferritic stainless steel by dynamic microindentation

Currently, the stainless steel starts to widen its fields of application in an extraordinary way in medicine and surgery, in the domestic utensils (flatware) and in heavy industry (petrochemistry, nuclear industry and transport). This work consists of making an experimental study on a type of ferritic stainless steel having undergone the test of the microindentation at controlled load and knowing the Superficial Tribological Transformations (STT) caused by this test. It is supposed that it is a simulation with the damages caused on the stainless steels which are in the environment (the effect of hail) or in industry (shot-blasting of the turbines). The analysis of the repeated shocks is based on the mechanical characterization (microhardness, microstructures of the impacts) and geometrical to see the evolution of the diameter and depth of the impacts according to the number of shocks (cycles of impact), in order to know the plastic deformation.

Integration Design of High-Effective Stove-Cooking Utensil Based on the Research of Enhanced Heat Transfer

The level of domestic gas utensils energy utilization efficiency decides the energy saving efficiency and economical efficiency of the gas utensils. In this paper, considering the stove-cooking utensil as the object of study, on the basis of deep research of stove-cooking utensil system’s high-effective heat transfer, high-effective heat preservation technology, combing the technology of high-effective burning, high-effective heat transfer, high-effective heat preservation, a stove-cooking utensil system that is of high-effective heat transfer, high-effective heat preservation, low cost, low exit flue gas temperature is designed and the stove-cooking utensil system’s energy efficiency is improved significantly by comprehensive designing and researching of the insulation lid, the bottom of pot, and the radiant panel on the condition of keeping high-effective burning.

Production, Economics, Employment Generation and Marketing Pattern of Rattan-Based Cottage Enterprises: A Case Study from an Urban Area of North-Eastern Bangladesh

Rattan, an important non-timber forest product, is a flexible palm used in weaving baskets or furniture. Rattan is light yet sturdy, making it suitable for furniture that can be moved often. Bangladesh has a large number of rattan-based enterprises. This paper reports a case study carried out in Sylhet City Corporation of north-eastern Bangladesh, exploring the production, financial profitability and marketing of rattan-based products, and the problems and priorities of rattan-based enterprises as well as their potential contribution to employment opportunity. A sample survey was conducted of 58 randomly selected rattan-based enterprises with entrepreneurs personally interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Based on the total investment, the enterprises were divided into large, medium and small categories. Three origins of rattan (Local, Myanmar and Indonesia) and five species were used by the enterprises to produce 29 rattan-based product types. Rattan products were divided into three basic categories, viz. domestic utensils, domestic decorative articles and others for which uses are not specific. Among the three rattan origins, processing cost of local and Myanmar rattan species products was less and more articles were sold than for Indonesia rattan species. Financial analysis indicated that rattan-based enterprises are a profitable and attractive option for local socio-economic development. Entrepreneurs’ views on major problems and issues in rattan-based product trading and suggested measures to improve the condition of rattan-based enterprises also collected. Rattan-based enterprises will generate more domestic revenue, foreign exchange and employment if policies are adopted to provide the enterprises with a reliable source of raw materials and technical and financial assistance from Government to NGOs to sell the products, and expand market facilities in both local and international markets.

Avaliação do vocabulário expressivo em crianças surdas usuárias da Língua Brasileira de Sinais

OBJETIVO: investigar o desempenho de crianças surdas usuárias da Língua Brasileira de Sinais em teste de vocabulário expressivo. MÉTODO: a amostra foi composta por 64 sujeitos (32 crianças no grupo estudo e 32 no grupo controle) que foram divididos em 4 grupos por idade (5, 6 , 7 e 8 anos). Todas as crianças foram submetidas ao Teste de Linguagem Infantil ABFW - Vocabulário. As respostas foram classificadas em designação do vocábulo usual (DVU), não-designação (ND) e processo de substituição (PS), de acordo com a proposta da autora da prova. RESULTADOS: na maioria dos campos conceituais, o grupo de deficientes auditivos obteve pior desempenho em relação ao grupo controle. Verificou-se que nos dois grupos estudados os piores desempenhos ocorreram nas categorias locais, alimentos e vestuário, em todas as idades. Em ambos os grupos verificou-se melhor desempenho nas crianças de 5 anos de idade, em comparação às demais crianças. Também em ambos os grupos estudados, os processos de substituição foram observados com maior freqüência no campo locais e com menor freqüência em formas e cores. Não houve diferença significante entre as idades. CONCLUSÃO: os campos conceituais com maiores índices de acerto nas crianças surdas usuárias da Língua Brasileira de Sinais foram profissões, brinquedos e instrumentos musicais e móveis e utensílios domésticos. Apesar das diferenças quantitativas observadas em relação aos grupos, observou-se grande similaridade qualitativa quanto às respostas obtidas, sugerindo-se um processo evolutivo semelhante na aquisição lexical dos grupos.

Germinação de sementes de cabaça em diferentes substratos e temperaturas

Crescentia cujete L. (Bignoniaceae) is known as calabash or gourd. It is native from tropical America and it is found throughout Northeast Brazil, where it is used in folk medicine and for making domestic utensils. The objective of this research was to evaluate substrate and temperature effect on the germination of C. cujete seeds. The sowing was carried out with four replications of 25 seeds on the substrates paper, sand, vermiculite and paper roll, and placed in a BOD germinator, under temperatures of 20/30, 30 and 25ºC. The evaluated parameters were: germination (%), germination speed index (IVG), number of normal seedlings, root and shoot length (cm) and seedling dry mass (g). Higher germination percentage and IVG percentage were verified when the seeds were sowed in sand and vermiculite substrates, in 20/30°C temperature. No significant effect of the temperatures on seedlings dry mass was observed, but significant results occurred when vermiculite and sand were used. 20/30° and 30°C temperatures provided higher growth of the seedlings when the seeds were sowed in vermiculite; however, there was also a satisfactory development of the primary root in the sand substrate. The best conditions for germination were the use of sand and vermiculite substrates, in the temperature of 20/30°C.