Domestic Flights Research Articles

Civil aviation emissions in Argentina

The impact of aviation on climate change is reflected in increasing emissions of CO2 and other pollutants from fuel burning emitted at high altitudes, representing 2.9 % of total Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in 2019. However, mitigations options for decarbonization of aviation are difficult to implement given operational safety, technology maturity, energy density and other constraints. One alternative for mitigation is the use of certified sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with lower carbon intensity than conventional jet fuel (CJF). This research presents an inventory of Argentine civil aviation emissions for its domestic and international flights, and analyzes the possibility of supplying SAF as a mitigation strategy given its abundant biomass production. Argentine aviation activity is presented as a monthly 4D (latitude, longitude, altitude and time) spatial inventory for the interval 2001–2021, based on origin and destination city pairs, aircraft types and airlines. Fuel consumption and pollutant emissions were calculated for landing-and-take-off and cruise phases. Monthly domestic ranged from 67 to 179 kt CO2eq (2001–2019). Annual peak values occurred in 2019 consuming 560 kt CJF and direct emitting of 1.77 Mt CO2eq. While Revenue-Passenger-Kilometer (RPK) grew almost 4 times (4.18 × 109 in 2001 to 16.42 × 109 in 2019), the number of flights changed only 1.5 times (from 98,000 in 2002 to 152,000 in 2019). The main efficiency indexes varied from 97 t CJF/RPK, 308 gCO2eq/RPK to 34 t CJF/RPK, 107 gCO2eq/RPK between 2001 and 2019, respectively, showing an average annual improvement of 3.5 % due to partial fleet renewal, especially from 2015 onwards. Emissions of other pollutants for 2019 reached total values of CO 14.14 kt; NOx 6.77 kt; PM tot 55.12 kt. For the period 2001–2019, international aviation consumed between 1 Mt - 1.5 Mt CJF, directly emitting between 3.30 and 4.80 Mt of CO2eq; RPKs went from 6.234 × 109 to 20.524 × 109; the efficiency indices ranged from 529 to 240 gCO2eq/RPK. The most important changes occurred with an optimization of routes and number of flights and the replacement of the four-engines (B747, A380) by more efficient twin-engines (B777, A330) aircraft. Argentina is not required to any offsetting regulatory program due to its small aviation market (approx. 0.22 % global market in 2019), nor has to date certified SAF production pathways, nevertheless it has potential for SAF availability based on actual biofuels production (ethanol, biodiesel and soybean oil) and biomass feedstock's existences. In this sense this studies proposes that 2019 domestic fuel consumption could be supplied using 79 % exportable amounts of sugarcane ethanol (257 ± 53 kt) (by Ethanol to Jet ETJ) and 34 % of exportable soybean oil (1079 ± 160 kt) (by hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids- HEFA) pathways. For this scenario average GHG emissions reached 1.321 ± 0.115 Mt CO2eq; which would imply a 62 % of the current emission value using CJF (2.17Mt CO2eq), or savings of about 838 kt CO2eq (38 %). At the 2019 level of harvest and biofuel production, up to 1.4 Mt of SAF could be produced from sugarcane ethanol/ETJ and soybean oil/HEFA mitigating up to 1.8 MtCO2eq. A 35 kt CO2eq annual sectoral national mitigation strategy could be reached by using 14 kt of SAF.

Seasonality of flights in China: Spatial heterogeneity and its determinants

Seasonality is an essential issue for service industries but lacks the attention of most transport scholars. To close this gap, this study explored the spatial heterogeneity and determinants of flight seasonality from a supply-side perspective, using the monthly flights of 222 airports in China during 2018 as a sample. The following conclusions were drawn. First, domestic flights in China face seasonality due to the country's vast territory and diverse natural environment. Second, from an airport perspective, seasonality is high in small airports serving remote places and in cities that are tourism destinations. Third, from a route perspective, feeder routes in the air transport network of China face higher seasonality when compared to trunk routes. Finally, airport size and a mix of natural landscape factors shape domestic flight seasonality at the national level. At the local level, most factors (e.g., airport size and temperature) are more evident in the northwest region.

PENERAPAN MODEL GENERALIZED SPACE TIME AUTOREGRESSIVE (GSTAR) UNTUK MERAMALKAN PENERBANGAN DOMESTIK PADA TIGA BANDAR UDARA DI PULAU JAWA

The number of flights is a thing to measure the marketing performance of aviation services. Forecasting the number of flights is done so that airlines can make decisions in increasing the number of passengers and revenue. Forecasting the number of flights at various airports has relationship between time and location. The suitable method for forecasting the number of flights is Generalized Space Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) method. GSTAR is a method that used for forecasting time series data that has a relationship between time and location and has heterogeneous characteristics. This study applied the GSTAR method to model and forecast the number of domestic flights at three airports in Java, namely Husein Sastranegara Airport Bandung, Ahmad Yani Semarang, and Juanda Surabaya. The research chose those three airports because the impact of Covid-19 is very severe in that area. The weight used in this study is the distance inverse weight. The resulting model is a model with differencing 1, autoregressive order 1, and spatial order limited to 1 so that the model formed is the GSTAR model (11)-I(1). The GSTAR (11)-I(1) meets the assumptions of residual white noise and normal multivariate. The model also has sMAPE values for each airport: 2.60%, 4.18%, and 9.89%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the forecasting results of Husein Sastranegara Airport Bandung, Ahmad Yani Airport Semarang, and Surabaya Juanda Airport are very accurate.

Scaling invariance in domestic passenger flight delays in the United States

Flight delays in passenger air transportation systems may cause numerous troubles to people’s daily life. Empirical works show that at the microscopic level there exist different kinds of inter-correlations, while at the macroscopic level the complex system obeys a simple law similar with that for gases. The constructed theoretical models are not consistent with each other, leading to some debates. How the macroscopic law emerges from the detailed cross-correlations is an open question. And an empirical benchmark to end the debates is also required. In the present work, the cosine correlations between airports for three kinds of flight delays are calculated, the relationships of which versus delay time can be re-scaled by the average number of flights H per month to a universal scaling relation, 〈Cosθλ〉Hp=fλ(〈Tλ〉Hq), where p and q are exponents. Hence, the system can work in two kinds of critical phases, namely, the stable phases in the durations from 1995 to 2000 and from 2005 to 2019, and the transition phases in the durations from 2001 to 2004 and within the year 2020. The results provide an empirical benchmark for building models.

РЕТРОСПЕКТИВА ТА СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ АЕРОПОРТІВ І АЕРОДРОМІВ УКРАЇНИ

The dynamics of passenger traffic on domestic and international flights for the two stages are formalised. It is reported that the main reason for seeing another phase, a sharp increase in 2020, is the COVID-19- related exchange. It is noted that during 2011–2021, passenger traffic through Ukrainian airports increased against the background of opposite trends in rate for domestic flights and an increase for international flights. The dynamics of passenger traffic for domestic and international flights for two stages is formalised. It is identified that the market of airport services in terms of the share of passenger turnover is overly concentrated, and the airports with the highest ratings are identified. The advantages of developing airports and airfields in Ukraine are identified. The factors hindering the development of Ukrainian airports and airfields are systematised. Proposals for the adoption of current factors for the development of airports and airfields are as follows: to fulfil its obligations under the Open Skies Agreement; to certify airports in accordance with EU standards; to continue liberalising the air transport market and creating a competitive environment by increasing the number of air carriers; to intensify business activity by cooperating with airlines to maintain existing and open new international routes; to develop infrastructure for transfer passengers; to improve the quality of airport services and expand the range of support services; improve the security of airports and aviation activities. The following measures are proposed to implement the state programme for the development of airports: preparation of investment projects/business plans aimed at building new airports and reconstructing existing ones, increasing the capacity of existing ones; improving the quality of airport services; increasing passenger and cargo turnover; maintaining airports in a condition that ensures flight safety; innovative renewal of fixed assets.

Building Loyalty Through Education on Passenger Trust in Low Cost Airlines Indonesia, The Role Of Service Quality And Passenger Satisfaction

The study aims to investigate how service quality contributes to passenger loyalty in LCA Indonesia, considering satisfaction and trust. A survey was conducted with 400 respondents who used LCA services for domestic flights at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport in Makassar between 2021 and May 2022. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed for data analysis. The results indicate that service quality, passenger satisfaction, and trust are crucial in shaping loyalty. Satisfying services have the potential to foster trust, leading to passenger loyalty. Satisfaction and trust act as effective mediators of service quality and passenger loyalty. The findings highlight the importance of delivering high-quality services that meet passenger expectations and generate satisfaction. LCA Indonesia can build trust and establish a loyal customer base by exceeding customer expectations. Service quality is vital for providing positive experiences to passengers. Understanding the mediating roles of satisfaction and trust is also key. LCA Indonesia can enhance passenger loyalty by prioritizing service quality, improving satisfaction levels, and building trust among passengers. Addressing these factors strengthens the airline's competitive position and ensures long-term customer loyalty in a highly competitive market.

TRENDS IN THE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF IMERETI)

The Coronavirus along with other sectors of the economy, has caused great damage to the tourism sector and related industries. The number of international tourists decreased by 0.7% in February 2020 compared to 2019. The decrease in the number of visitors has affected the restaurant business, airlines, shopping and catering establishments. In 2020 with the period before the pandemic, the number of employees in hotels throughout Georgia decreased by 17 000 people. According to the statistical data the increase was recorded in the 2nd quarter of 2022. The same trends were observed in the research region in particular in Imereti in 2019. In the mentioned sector by 2020, 2536 people were employed and their number decreased to 1725. By 2021 a slight increase was recorded in amount to 1745 people. In 2021, the highest rate of domestic visitors was recorded, both in the country as a whole and in the regions that exceeded the pre-pandemic period. An increase of 34 000 was recorded in Imereti alone, and the increases of 314 000 in the country as a whole. It were caused by broader crossing restrictions. Although, the income from international tourism decreased significantly during the research period, the opposite result was observed in the case of local visitors, the expense within the country increased significantly and reached 226 million GEL, higher than the same period before the pandemic with is 73,5 million GEL. In post-pandemic conditions, tourism and its separate sector are being revitalized, both in Georgia and in the world as a whole. According to the National Tourism Agency the number of visitors to Georgia in 2022 is promising. In March 2022 211 484 visitors arrived, which is 210,6% higher than the previous years and comprises 48,5% of March of 2019. Difficulties arose in the process of renewal of work in the tourism sector of Georgia. Domestic tourism resumed on schedule, but resumption of international travel was delayed. From June 8, 2021, hotels were allowed to resume operations; Intercity transport was restored. The railway resumed operations on June 15. The final phase of the opening of domestic tourism was marked by the resumption of domestic flights from July 24. On July 8, Georgia opened its borders to 5 European countries (Germany, France, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia). The mutual unconditional opening of the borders with the mentioned countries was caused by the fact that Georgia was included in the list of 15 safe countries for travel published by the European Union on June 30. To date, the flow of passengers in all three international airports of Georgia has almost equaled the period before the pandemic, in particular, according to the data of the 8th month of 2022, Kutaisi airport recorded a 95% recovery of the same period of 2019, Batumi airport - 94%, and Tbilisi airport - 74%. In 2022, the rapid recovery of the tourism sector began everywhere, including Georgia. An accelerated pace of tourism recovery has been observed in our country since May 2022. In the first half of 2019, compared to 2019, a 56.8% increase in tourist visits was recorded, and in June-August, a 78.7% increase. Tourism revenues recovered faster, in particular, in the first half of 2022, 78.3% growth, and 123.6% growth was recorded in July-August, which is explained by the influx of migrants and high inflation. It was observed, which is explained by the influx of migrants and high inflation. At the same time, hotel revenues recovered faster in the regions than in the capital, one of the reasons being the increase in domestic tourism. The pandemic reduced the interest of investors, which slowed down the construction process of medium and large hotels. As a result of the research conducted by JSC Bank of Georgia group "Galt & Taggart", a forecast is made that by the end of 2022, tourism will be fully restored to the pre-pandemic level, and by 2023, a 10% increase will be recorded. In addition, the tourism sector of Georgia should focus on the development of such high-income destinations as - wine, winter. Resort and MICE tourism development (Tourism Review, 2022). Hopefully, the above-mentioned trends will increase the flow of visitors and their spending, not only in the country as a whole, but also in individual regions, including Imereti. Together, everything will contribute to overcoming the economic crisis caused by the pandemic.

Monitoring Air Pollution in Greek Urban Areas During the Lockdowns, as a Response Measure of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11270-022-06024-7.

On the Performance of Machine Learning Based Flight Delay Prediction – Investigating the Impact of Short-Term Features

People and companies today are connected around the world, which has led to a growing importance of the aviation industry. As flight delays are a big challenge in aviation, machine learning algorithms can be used to forecast those. This paper investigates the prediction of the occurrence of flight arrival delays with three prominent machine learning algorithms for a data set of domestic flights in the USA. The task is regarded as a classification problem. The focus lies on the investigation of the influence of short-term features on the quality of the results. Therefore, three scenarios are created that are characterised by different input feature sets. When forgoing the inclusion of short-term information in order to shift the prediction timing to an early point in time, an accuracy of 69.5% with a recall of 68.2% is achieved. By including information on the delay that the aircraft had on its previous flight, the prediction quality increases slightly. Hence, this is a compromise between the early prediction timing of the first model and the good prediction quality of the third model, where the departure delay of the aircraft is added as an input feature. In this case, an accuracy of 89.9% with a recall of 83.4% is obtained. The desired timing of prediction therefore determines which features to use as inputs since short-term features significantly improve the prediction quality.

Weight distributions of American domestic passenger air transportation networks

The scale-free features widely concerned by previous weighted network models seemed to not be the best choice to describe the link weight distributions of passenger air transportation networks. In this paper, by introducing an exponent α to the weight evolution rule of the earliest weighted model, and considering the spatial constraints of two-dimensional distances on linking probability, we have conducted rigorous analyses leading to the exponentially truncated power-law distribution for weights: , where A and B are parameters, α 1. The theoretical expression is consistent with the empirical results of the American domestic passenger flight records from 1995 to 2020. The model would be applicable to different air transportation systems and to problems in other fields.

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant from an infected aircrew member on a short-haul domestic flight, Australia 2021.

In June 2021, when COVID-19 incidence in Australia was low, a COVID-19 (Delta variant) cluster occurred on an 81-minute domestic flight, with an aircrew member as the likely source. Outbreak investigation demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 may be transmitted during short-haul flights and that mask use protected against infection.

Human mobility in the airport transportation network of the United States

In this research, we analyze the air transportation network of the United States of America using databases with passenger activity containing detailed records of domestic flights between airports. Different properties obtained from the origin-destination matrix in the air transport network are studied from 2011 to 2020. The results are compared with a model based on the gravity law for human mobility defined in terms of transition probabilities and travel distances. The predictions of this model are confirmed through Monte Carlo simulations. Our findings reproduce the dynamics of passengers in the airport transportation network.

Analysis of Turkey’s airport network structure and centrality in the opening-out period after the first wave of COVID-19: A complex network approach

There are a few studies present analyzing air transport structures of the countries, regions, and the world by using complex network theory. Although Turkey has a complex air network with 56 airports, thorough research has not been carried out applying complex network analysis to reveal the structure of the airport network in Turkey yet. Furthermore, the fact that Turkey is a developing economy and the role of air transport in this development is undeniable, and its use as a transit area due to its geopolitical location, together with social and political factors, makes it important to understand this air transport network in detail. Consequently, in this paper, Turkey’s Airport Network (TAN) topology was explored by implementing concepts of complex network theory using domestic and international passenger flight data gathered from FlightRadar during the opening period after the first wave of Covid-19. The average path length and clustering coefficient for connectivity performance and centrality metrics (degree, betweenness, and closeness) were computed and the network correlations were also measured and compared with simulated random, small-world (SW), and scale-free (SF) network models. Also, structural similarities and differences with the air networks of other countries are revealed.

Domestic market share by routes, frequencies and airlines to and from the Quito International Airport

The objective of this study was to identify the market share of domestic commercial air transportation by routes, frequencies and airlines from Mariscal Sucre International Airport during the weekly period from June 20 to 24, 2022. Through descriptive quantitative research, which sought to specify characteristics, variables and relevant concepts to measure the domestic market share. Through the results obtained, it is concluded that of the four airlines that operate domestic flights in Ecuador, Latam Airlines showed dominance in this market by routes and frequencies to and from the Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito during the weekly period from June 20 to 24, 2022.

Revealing the feasibility and environmental benefits of replacing disposable plastic tableware in aviation catering: An AHP-LCA integrated study

Reducing disposable plastic products has been in the spotlight lately, in order to address plastic pollution. With the rapid development of air transportation, plastic waste during flight is increasing, and most of it comes from catering. To evaluate the feasibility of replacing disposable plastic tableware, we carried out an integrated analytic hierarchy process (AHP) - life cycle assessment (LCA) study. The results show no significant feasibility in replacing salad bowls, while cutleries made of stainless steel, bamboo or bio-based plastic are preferred to petroleum-based plastic ones. In particular, bio-based plastic cutlery poses the least negative environmental impacts among all the disposable alternatives. Stainless steel cutlery will have the least carbon emissions when used more than 29 times. Replacing cutleries can reduce carbon emission by 12.5 g to 25.6 g of CO2 per cutlery set, leading to a maximum reduction of 10,219.51 t/a in China's domestic flights in 2019.

A reinforcement learning approach for multi-fleet aircraft recovery under airline disruption

An airline scheduler plans flight schedules with efficient resource utilization. However, unpredictable airline disruptions, such as temporary closures of an airports, cause schedule perturbations. Therefore, recovering disrupted flight schedules is essential for airlines. Many previous studies have relied on copies of flight arcs, which could affect the quality of solutions, and have not addressed the key measure of airlines’ on-time performance as their objective. To fill these research gaps, we propose Q-learning and Double Q-learning algorithms using the reinforcement learning approach for aircraft recovery to support airline operations. We present an artificial environment of daily flight schedules and the Markov decision process for aircraft recovery. The proposed approach is first compared with existing algorithms on the benchmark instance. In comparison with other algorithms, the developed Q-learning and Double Q-learning algorithms obtain high-quality solutions within the proper computation time. To verify that the proposed approach can be applicable to a real-world case and can adapt to realistic conditions, we employ a domestic flight schedule from one of the airlines in South Korea. We evaluate the reinforcement learning approach on a set of experiments carried out on real-world data. Computational experiments show that reinforcement learning algorithms recover disrupted flight schedules effectively, and that our approaches flexibly adapt to various objectives and realistic conditions.

ANALISIS KEPUASAN PENUMPANG TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DALAM PENERBANGAN RUTE DOMESTIK

The quality of service provided by a company is an essential aspect, thus, service quality should be a focal point for every companies management. In this study, the quality of service regarding health protocols provided by airports and airlines to passengers on domestic routes flights is discussed. High quality service is required to increase passenger satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to discover the level of satisfaction of tourists who receive health protocol services on domestic flights. The data collection techniques in this study are observation, questionnaires and literature study. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling. The number of samples used was 90 respondents. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the discussion, it has been verified that the health services implemented by airports and airlines on domestic routes have an impact on passenger satisfaction. This means that passengers are satisfied with the health protocol services provided by the airport and airline.

DESIGN AND STEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE


 
 
 Commercial aeroplanes conducting domestic flights in the US have an average age of 10.7 years, and this number is rising. The employment of robots and imaging technology in fuselage inspections has the potential to save costs, speed up the process, and raise inspection quality. The subject of several discussions and studies nowadays is power supply systems. Researchers look for answers in renewable natural or alternative resources for power supply because of the poor ecological state of many industrialised countries. There are still no affordable, mobile energy delivery methods. It is difficult to move the power factory quickly and safely to distant locations. Aircraft are the quickest mode of transportation, but how long can they fly before needing to refuel? Due to the increased requirement for aeronautical technology brought on by flights, the scientific and technical communities are also looking for answers in the area of energy supply. The main objective of contemporary integrated ecological systems is to address the issues of powering during flight and supply the extra power to other purposes. The steady state thermal analysis of an aeroplane fuselage and its application are covered in this work.
 
 

Covid-19 infection risk on US domestic airlines

Working with recent data and research findings, we estimate the probability that an air traveler in economy class would have contracted Covid-19 on a US domestic jet flight over the nine-month period June 2020 to February 2021. The estimates take account of the rates of confirmed Covid-19 infections in the US, flight duration, fraction of seats occupied, and some demographic differences between US air travelers and US citizens as a whole. Based on point estimates, the risk of contracting Covid-19 in-flight exceeded 1 in 1000 on a fully-loaded two-hour flight at the height of the pandemic over the nine months, but was about 1 in 6000 on a half-full flight when the pandemic was at a low ebb. However, these estimates are subject to substantial uncertainty, with the 10th percentiles of various risk distributions only about 1/7 as large as the medians, and the 90th percentiles about four times as large. Based on seat-occupancy levels on US flights for each month over June 2020 to February 2021, the median risk estimate for that period is 1 in 2250, while the mean risk estimate is 1 in 1450. Indirect effects arose because those who contracted Covid-19 on US airplanes could in turn infect others.

코로나19로 인한 항공승무원의 직무불안에 관한 현상학적 연구

The COVID-19 shock brought a great shock to the domestic and foreign aviation industries and job losses. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) predicts the loss of about 25 million jobs in aviation and related industries. Therefore, in this study, we understood their job insecurity experiences and identified the characteristics of related occupations through research questions about the unprecedented impact of COVID-19 on domestic LCC flight attendants. For the progress of the study, Giorgi's phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the psychological meanings they experience in their daily lives and to grasp the essential meaning of human behavior. As a result of the study, the study participants were exposed to negative emotions such as embarrassment, and were suffering from economic pressure due to prolonged leave of absence. The desire to survive these emotions served as an opportunity to realize the benefits of leisure by doing hobbies such as exercise, hiking, and cooking, and contributed to self-reflection, stress relief, positive feelings for the organization, and gratitude for government support. These research results are meaningful in that they provided an opportunity to deeply examine the orientation points by generation and life cycle by limiting them to those in their 20s and 30s in Korea. Theoretical and policy implications are that the government's employment maintenance support policy provides implications for the ease of returning to work, providing job transition opportunities through self-reflection and educational opportunities, and maintaining employment.