Dogs Of Various Breeds Research Articles

Canine Parvoviral Enteritis Incidence in Rostov-on-Don in 2017-2022: A Retrospective Analysis

Introduction. The canine parvoviral enteritis, first detected in 1978 [1], remains a widespread cause of morbidity and mortality in young dogs. The virus high virulence and resistance are attributed to its ability to mutate and undergo changes, that partly explains the continuing epidemic of the canine parvoviral enteritis.The nature of the disease itself got modified since the first time of virus detection. Although the initial outbreaks had the panzootic character implying high morbidity and mortality, nowadays the majority of adult dogs have either vaccinal immunity or immunity acquired through natural infection, thus the parvoviral infection is primarily manifested in young dogs aged from weaning to six months old as the enteric disease form.The objective of the study was to investigate the antigenic essence of the canine parvoviral enteritis by analysing the strain phylogenetic relationships in the absence of grouping the same antigenic type viruses upon emerging the mutations.Materials and Methods. The material for the study was selected by the method of continuous sampling of the medical records (by generating random numbers in the range of 1–255) and conducting interviews with the personnel (veterinary doctors) at the «Animal Clinic» veterinary hospital in Rostov-on-Don from September 2017 to October 2022. Data on the dog owners was concealed, hypotheses were not communicated to the clinic management, that excluded possible errors and conflict of interest. The study focused on the analysis of the epidemiological situation in Rostov-on-Don with regard to the canine parvoviral enteritis incidence and mortality rate, the analysis was based on the practices of the «Animal Clinic» veterinary hospital, volunteer organisations, homeless animal care foundations and «Dog Patrol» nonprofit organisation and was interpolated to the epidemiological situation in the city as a whole.The study of the canine parvoviral enteritis cases, the disease epidemiology and its combat methods, treatment, prophylaxis and the cutting-edge developments in the field was carried out based on the scientific data of the last 5 years. The objects of the study were dogs of various breeds and ages admitted to the clinic.Results and Discussion. The established phylogenetic interrelation of the divergent CPV-2b strain with the alike genetic strain-ancestor CPV-2c, indicates a complete replacement of the circulating strains, which has practical value for the veterinary science as it does not merely enable formation of a disease model for a specific region but also allows evaluating the speed and features of spreading the disease and predicting its course and mortality.Conclusion. For the southern region the parvoviral enteritis is a severe and life-threatening disease due to the rates of its overall incidence and mortality. The results of the statistical analysis of 307 medical records of the dogs diagnosed with the parvoviral enteritis in a number of Rostov-on-Don veterinary clinics revealed twice as high mortality rate in male dogs compared to females, although the distribution of the number of disease cases was relatively equal, except for the range of 30-90 days when a statistically significant difference in mortality was not registered. A separate local surge in mortality rate by over 36 %, which is not correlated either with the reduced number of cases during this period or the average level of fatal outcomes, indicates the need to correlate the patients’ immune status with the applied treatment protocols and the CPV-2c strain penetration, having the higher virulence in Europe (in 2015–2017) [2] and the European part of Russia.When analysing the «age-number of cases» data, the correlation was made with the surge in patients at the age of about 1 year old. The vaccination reduced the incidence rate in dogs and disease severity in those infected, but at the same time increased the mutation numbers in the virus genome (especially in the genes encoding the protein responsible for binding to the receptor cells [3]), which in turn led to increased virulence.

Presence of Human DNA on Household Dogs and Its Bi-Directional Transfer.

Awareness of the factors surrounding the transfer of DNA from a person, item, or surface to another person, item, or surface is highly relevant during investigations of alleged criminal activity. Animals in domestic environments could be a victim, offender, or innocent party associated with a crime. There is, however, very limited knowledge of human DNA transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery (DNA TPPR) associated with domestic animals. This pilot study aimed to improve our understanding of DNA TPPR associated with domestic dogs by collecting and analysing samples from various external areas of dogs of various breeds, interactions with humans, and living arrangements, and conducting a series of tests to investigate the possibility of dogs being vectors for the indirect transfer of human DNA. Reference DNA profiles from the dog owners and others living in the same residence were acquired to assist interpretation of the findings. The findings show that human DNA is prevalent on dogs, and in the majority of samples, two-person mixtures are present. Dogs were also found to be vectors for the transfer of human DNA, with DNA transferred from the dog to a gloved hand during patting and a sheet while walking.

Virological and Pathological Diagnosis of Canine Oral Papillomavirus in Dogs and Evaluation of Treatment Applications

Background: The canine oral papillomavirus (CoPV) is the cause of oral papillomatosis in all dogs. The purpose of this study is to compare two treatment methods after virological and pathological diagnosis of oral papillomas. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 50 owned and stray dogs of various breeds. The presence of CoPV antigen (Ag) in the blood samples investigated. Tissue samples from the papilloma mass were collected for auto vaccination and histopathological examination. CoPV (Ag) was found in the blood of dogs with papilloma lesions who were randomly divided and treated into two groups. While group 1 receives autologous vaccines and immune-supportive ZylexisTM, Group 2 receives PAPILENDTM® cream, immune-boosting ZylexisTM and premix powder (vitamin E, zinc, selenium, copper). Result: The dogs have an average age of 31.9+7.4 months. CoPV (Ag) was detected in half of all dogs with papilloma lesions. The histopathological examination typically revealed an increased epidermal layer. In the treatment of group 1, the mean remission period was 21-30 days. This period was determined to be 15-30 days in 15 animals from the second treatment group. Lesions were successfully treated in all dogs with CoPV (Ag) in both groups. The combination of PAPILENDTM® cream, immune-supportive ZylexisTM and premix powder was found to shorten the disease remission period caused by CoPV oral lesions.

PERBANDINGAN ALGORITMA EFFICIENTNETB0 DAN INCEPTIONV3 DALAM KLASIFIKASI CITRA JENIS ANJING

Dogs are pets that have hundreds of breeds. The various breeds of dogs can be distinguished by size, fur color, and type of fur. The identification of dog breeds can use images of dogs as one of the object recognition information. Image classification can be made using Deep Learning methods. Image classification is the process of grouping pixels in an image into a number of classes, so that each class can represent an entity with certain characteristics. Additionally, Deep Learning has many algorithms that can be used for image classification, including the InceptionV3 and EfficientNetB0 algorithms. The purpose of this research is to compare the accuracy results of the EfficientNetB0 and InceptionV3 algorithms in classifying dog breed images. The stages in making this program include collecting datasets, data preparation, model design, and interpreting the results. This image classification is made using the Python programming language and Visual Studio Code software. The program has an accuracy result with the best model being InceptionV3, with an accuracy of 97.30% on the training set and 97.07% on the validation set after 20 epochs.

Evaluation of autoantibodies to desmoglein-2 in dogs with and without cardiac disease

Autoantibodies to desmoglein-2 have been associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in people. ARVC is a common disease in the Boxer dog. The role of anti-desmoglein-2 antibodies in Boxers with ARVC and correlation with disease status or severity is unknown. This prospective study is the first to evaluate dogs of various breeds and cardiac disease state for anti-desmoglein-2 antibodies. The sera of 46 dogs (10 ARVC Boxers, 9 healthy Boxers, 10 Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy, 10 dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease, and 7 healthy non-Boxer dogs) were assessed for antibody presence and concentration via Western blotting and densitometry. Anti-desmoglein-2 antibodies were detected in all dogs. Autoantibody expression did not differ between study groups and there was no correlation with age or body weight. In dogs with cardiac disease, there was weak correlation with left ventricular dilation (r = 0.423, p = 0.020) but not left atrial size (r = 0.160, p = 0.407). In ARVC Boxers there was strong correlation with the complexity of ventricular arrhythmias (r = 0.841, p = 0.007) but not total number of ectopic beats (r = 0.383, p = 0.313). Anti-desmoglein-2 antibodies were not disease specific in the studied population of dogs. Correlation with some measures of disease severity requires further study with larger populations.

How Do Dogs Behave When Presented with Situations of Different Emotional Valences?

Dogs are good models for studying behaviour and cognition as they have complex social capabilities. In the current study, we observed how human emotional valences (positive, neutral and negative) affected aspects of dogs' behaviour. We expected that dogs would exhibit more approaching behaviours in the positive condition and more signs of avoidance in the negative one. We analysed videos of 70 adult pet dogs of various breeds taken from an experiment in which one of two actors expressed an emotion and dogs could freely explore the environment for 30 s. Our results show that dogs exhibit differential behaviour when presented with different emotional valences. Two behaviours arose that might be linked to a reciprocal positive emotional state in dogs: tail raised between 90° and 180° and physical contact during sniffing. These behaviours are associated with an active search for information. In the positive conditions, dogs were more willing to explore the social environment and gather information from the actors.

Effects of dietary camelina, flaxseed, and canola oil supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative markers, transepidermal water loss, and coat quality in healthy adult dogs.

Camelina oil contains a greater concentration of omega-3 (n-3) a-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; ALA) than omega-6 (n-6) linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; LA), in comparison to alternative fat sources commonly used to formulate canine diets. Omega-3 FAs are frequently used to support canine skin and coat health claims and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress; however, there is a lack of research investigating camelina oil supplementation and its effects on these applications in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of camelina oil supplementation on coat quality, skin barrier function, and circulating inflammatory and oxidative marker concentrations. Thirty healthy [17 females; 13 males; 7.2 ± 3.1 years old; 27.4 ± 14.0 kg body weight (BW)] privately-owned dogs of various breeds were used. After a 4-week wash-in period consuming sunflower oil (n6:n3 = 1:0) and a commercial kibble, dogs were blocked by age, breed, and size, and randomly assigned to one of three treatment oils: camelina (n6:n3 = 1:1.18), canola (n6:n3 = 1:0.59), flaxseed (n6:n3 = 1:4.19) (inclusion level: 8.2 g oil/100 g of total food intake) in a randomized complete block design. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured using a VapoMeter on the pinna, paw pad, and inner leg. Fasted blood samples were collected to measure serum inflammatory and oxidative marker concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and spectrophotometric assays. A 5-point-Likert scale was used to assess coat characteristics. All data were collected on weeks 0, 2, 4, 10, and 16 and analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. No significant changes occurred in TEWL, or inflammatory and oxidative marker concentrations among treatments, across weeks, or for treatment by week interactions. Softness, shine, softness uniformity, color intensity, and follicle density of the coat increased from baseline in all treatment groups (P < 0.05). Outcomes did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatment groups over 16-weeks, indicating that camelina oil is comparable to existing plant-based canine oil supplements, flaxseed, and canola, at supporting skin and coat health and inflammation in dogs. Future research employing an immune or exercise challenge is warranted, as the dogs in this study were not subjected to either.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИНФУЗИОННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ СОБАК, БОЛЬНЫХ ПИРОПЛАЗМОЗОМ

The article presents the results of studies obtained in the study of the comparative effectiveness of infusion therapy in the treatment of dogs with pyroplasmosis. Piroplasmosis of dogs is a seasonal, acute, blood–parasitic disease of dogs, which is characterized by fever, liver damage, and destruction of red blood cells. Competent and timely implementation of rehydration infusion therapy for pyroplasmosis is an important component in the complex therapy of sick animals, therefore, the study of the comparative effectiveness of traditional and the introduction into veterinary practice of promising medical detoxification infusion drugs is timely and relevant. In this regard, the aim of the research is to study the comparative effectiveness of infusion therapy in the treatment of dogs with pyroplasmosis. The object of the study were dogs of various breeds with pyroplasmosis and documentation reflecting the state of the incidence of pyroplasmosis of dogs in Rostov–on-Don. To confirm the diagnosis, paired blood serums for serological diagnostics, as well as blood and urine samples for biochemical analysis were sent to the veterinary diagnostic center "Invitro" in Rostov-on-Don. To conduct the experiment (according to the principle of analogues), 3 groups of animals were formed, 5 dogs in each. Treatment of dogs with pyroplasmosis was carried out in a complex, with the mandatory appointment of etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. The effectiveness of treatment of dogs of the experimental groups was evaluated in dynamics compared with the control group. In the process of implementing the tasks of the experiment, generally accepted methods were used, in accordance with GOST standards, satisfying the objectives of the study. Based on the studies conducted to study the effectiveness of infusion therapy in the treatment of dogs with piroplasmosis, it was found that the use of the drug Reamberin allowed to shorten the recovery period compared to the control group by 5 days, with 1 experimental group – by 2 days. The drug Reamberin has proven to be the most effective infusion drug with antioxidant, hepatoprotective and detoxifying effects.

Nephrolithiasis and uricosuria diagnostics in dogs

Nephrolithiasis and hyperuricosuria is a common pathology in dogs of various breeds. The problem of breeding lies in the fact that the diagnostic methods used: X-ray examination, determination of lipid composition in the blood and the urogenital microbiome, do not allow early diagnostics in young dogs before the onset of clinical changes, as well as to identify animals carrying mutant alleles of disease candidate genes. We have developed a test system for nephrolithiasis and uricosuria diagnostics in dogs, including primers and allele-selective probes. A control plasmid solution was used as a matrix. The system is based on the use of the TaqMan method. This test system allows for early diagnostics of animals with mutant alleles to monitor the state of health during ontogenesis, as well as the exclusion of these dogs from breeding before their puberty.

Assessment of urinary cystine concentration in dogs in the Czech Republic

The prevalence of cystinuria as an inborn error of metabolism in dogs is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cystinuria in dogs of various breeds in the Czech Republic. In total, 326 voided urine samples from client owned dogs were obtained. Samples were divided into four groups according to the breed - Irish Terriers (n = 58), Dachshunds (n = 67), French Bulldogs (n = 64) and a group of various breeds (n = 137). Urinary cystine concentration was measured using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, urinary creatinine concentration was determined by Jaffe method. Samples with urinary cystine concentrations above 178 µmol/g creatinine were considered as cystinuric. Urinary cystine concentration above the upper limit was found in 71 dogs (21.8%) with significantly higher incidence in intact males of Irish Terriers. In general, cystinuria was more common in intact males. In Irish Terriers, Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, German Shorthaired Pointer, Pomeranian, and Fox Terrier, cystinuria was identified in females. Cystinuria appears to be a relatively common finding in dogs in the Czech Republic, with some breeds being more affected. The finding of cystinuria in two female Irish Terriers calls into question the classification of cystinuria in this breed as androgen dependent only. The detection of cystinuria in related dogs suggests that other individuals in the same family should be examined as part of the management of a cystinuric patient.

Impact of blood tube additives and timing of sampling on blood taurine concentrations in clinically healthy dogs

IntroductionDilated cardiomyopathy can be associated with taurine deficiency in dogs. Blood taurine concentrations can be analyzed in whole blood (WB) and plasma. The study objectives were to investigate agreement between taurine concentrations measured in WB, heparin plasma, and EDTA plasma, determine intraindividual variation in healthy dogs, and evaluate if time from feeding to sampling impacts concentrations. AnimalsTen English Cocker spaniels and 10 dogs of various breeds. Materials and methodsDogs were fasted 12 h prior to initial blood sampling, and the blood was collected at five occasions over eight h. Food was offered immediately after first and one h after fourth sampling time point. ResultsAgreement between taurine concentrations in EDTA plasma and heparinized plasma was good (mean difference 4.5 nmol/mL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 36.8–45.8 nmol/mL). Whole blood concentrations were systematically higher than EDTA and heparin plasma concentrations (mean difference 132.7 nmol/mL, 95% CI 23.6–241.8 nmol/mL, and 127.6 nmol/mL, 95% CI 28.6–226.6 nmol/mL, respectively, all P < 0.001). Intraindividual daily variations in taurine concentration were seen in all additives, with largest variations in plasma (P < 0.001). Taurine concentration in heparinized plasma was higher at first and fifth sampling time points compared to the fourth (P = 0.014). DiscussionAgreement was found between taurine concentrations measured in different additives, with expected higher concentration in WB than plasma. Taurine concentrations measured in heparinized plasma varied with sampling time point. Intraindividual daily variations were observed in all additives, but mainly in plasma samples. ConclusionTaurine concentrations in dogs with suspected deficiency should be interpreted with caution.

Oxidative stress biomarkers in dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and biomarkers of lipid and protein peroxidation in the blood serum of dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The study was conducted on 36 intact male dogs of various breeds. The dogs were assigned to two groups: BPH group (n = 18) and non-affected group (n = 18). Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein. The antioxidant status of the serum was assessed using TAC. The levels of bityrosine, formylkynurenine and SH-groups were used as protein peroxidation biomarkers and the level of radical cations of N,N-diethyl-paraphenylene diamine (RC-DEPPD) was used as a marker for lipid peroxidation. TAC and the concentrations of SH-groups and RC-DEPPD in the serum were determined spectrophotometrically, the concentrations of bityrosine and formylokynurenine, were determined using spectrofluorimetric methods.ResultsThe mean value of TAC in the serum was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in BPH dogs than in non-affected dogs (3.10 ± 0.56 vs 4.20 ± 1.60 μmol/g protein). Mean levels of protein and lipid oxidation biomarkers showed a trend towards oxidative imbalance, but there were no statistically significant differences between dogs with BPH and controls (P > 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, significantly lower serum TAC in dogs with BPH compared to non-affected dogs suggests a potential involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of BPH in dogs. More studies are needed to clarify the role of oxidative stress in the development of BPH in dogs.

Determining the protocol requirements of in-home dog food digestibility testing.

In-home pet food testing has the benefit of yielding data which is directly applicable to the pet population. Validated and standardised in-home test protocols need to be available, and here we investigated key protocol requirements for an in-home canine food digestibility protocol. Participants were recruited via an online survey. After meeting specific inclusion criteria, sixty dogs of various breeds and ages received, during 14 consecutive days, a relatively low and high digestible complete dry extruded food containing titanium (Ti) dioxide. Both foods were given for 7 d in a cross-over design. Owners collected faeces daily allowing daily faecal Ti concentrations and digestibility of nitrogen (N), dry matter (DM), crude ash, organic matter (OM), crude fat (Cfat), starch and gross energy (GE) to be determined. Faecal Ti and digestibility values for all nutrients were not different (P > 0·05) from the second day onwards after first consumption for both foods. One day of faecal collection yielded reliable digestibility values with additional collection days not reducing the confidence interval around the mean. Depending on the accepted margin of error, the food and the nutrient of interest, the minimal required sample size was between 9 and 43 dogs. Variation in digestibility values could in part be explained by a dog's neuter status (N, crude ash) and age (crude ash, Cfat) but not sex and body size. Future studies should focus on further identifying and controlling sources of variation to improve the in-home digestibility protocol and reduce the number of dogs required.

Retrospective Study on Radiographic Diagnosis of Esophageal Foreign Bodies in Dogs

&#x0D; Obstruction caused by esophageal foreign bodies is a common condition in dogs, usually due to dietary indiscretion. The aim of the study was the clinical and imaging description of a series of dogs with esophageal foreign bodies. This study included 11 dogs of various breeds, ages and both sexes that showed signs compatible with esophageal obstruction. The imaging examination revealed the presence of foreign bodies (represented by bones and metal objects) in different segments of the esophagus, including both the cervical segment (2 cases) and intrathoracic segment (9 cases). Given the consequences of the presence of foreign bodies in the esophagus, the imaging examination represent the main tool in determining the location of the foreign body for therapeutic management. &#x0D;

Trained dogs do not give up: Effects of advanced training on the persistence of domestic dogs

Prior research with highly trained dogs suggests they may be more successful than pets in independently solving problems when it is possible, yet they may engage in social strategies involving human partners when they face unsolvable tasks. One of the factors underlying these differences may be their persistence, which is usually studied as motivation towards a task. However, highly trained dogs often need to perform lengthy sequences of behaviors with no reinforcement, highlighting the need for research focusing on their performance under extinction conditions. In this sense, persistence can be also examined as resistance to extinction. We compared 26 trained and untrained adult dogs of various breeds and mixes on a gazing task and a non-social problem solving task, each following a pattern of acquisition and then extinction. Results indicate that trained dogs exhibited a greater resistance to extinction than untrained dogs in both tasks. This increase in persistence could be beneficial for their performance, particularly when they need to conduct lengthy chains of behaviors with no immediate reinforcement.

DIABETIC CATARACT IN DOGS: COMPLICATIONS, TREATMENT, OUTCOMES

Diabetic cataracts are common in diabetic dogs and lead to blindness and lens-induced uveitis, the complications of which may lead to the need to remove the eyeball. The objectives of this study were to provide a clinical and ophthalmological characteristics of diabetic cataract in dogs, to describe pre-, intra- and postoperative complications of diabetic cataract phacoemulsification in dogs, and to identify relationships between different parameters of phacoemulsification, types of complications, and outcomes of treatment for diabetic cataract in dogs. The study included 22 dogs of various breeds with diabetes mellitus complicated by bilateral mature cataract, all animals underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including biomicroscopy, ophthalmotonometry, examination of chromatic pupillary reflexes, ultrasound examination of the eyeball, and uni- or bilateral cataract phacoemulsification. In the course of the study, it was found that diabetic cataract in dogs develops on average 3.4 ± 2.9 months from the moment the patient has diabetes mellitus, is characterized by the formation of cracks in the anterior lens suture (77%), the average lens thickness is 0.82 ±0.16 cm, lens -induced uveitis. Preoperative complications included: aqueous flare, posterior capsular rupture, capsular fibrosis, and lens subluxation. Intraoperative complications: the release of liquefied cortex into capsulorhexis, are widespread (75%). The most common postoperative complications of diabetic cataract include POH (16.7%) and corneal dystrophy (13.9%). Correlation analysis revealed the relationship between the time to surgery, various parameters of the operation and types of complications, preoperative complications, in particular, spontaneous rupture of the posterior capsule, small lens thickness, and intraoperative complications are associated in this study with a negative outcome in terms of vision.

DIROFILARIASIS AND HEMOBARTONELLOSIS IN DOGS IN VYBORG OF LENINGRAD REGION

The article is devoted to determining the spread of dirofilariasis in the Vyborgsky district of the Leningrad region. The objects of the study were 23 dogs of various breeds aged from 1 to 9 years. Of these, 21 dogs were in a shelter, and 2 dogs were kept at home. As part of routine research, diagnostics was carried out for 10 types of helminths. 4 dogs were identified, in the blood of which antibodies to dirofilariasis were detected by PCR. In 100% of cases, the causative agent is Dirofilaria repens. The average invasion intensity (EI) of D. repens (Railliet et Henry, 1911) was 17.4%. By PCR, hemobartonellosis was detected in 6 dogs (28.6%), and in 9.5% of the animals mixed invasion was observed - hemobartonellosis and dirofilariasis.Thus, on the territory of the Vyborgsky district of the Leningrad region, a local focus of dirofilariasis and hemobartonellosis of carnivores is actively functioning, in the spread of which stray and owner dogs are actively involved, which indicates the circulation of parasites in the study area and the possibility of infection of other animals and humans. For the implementation of effective prevention of dirofilariasis, we suggest using drugs based on macrocyclic lactones, and hemobartonellosis - doxycycline.

Dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid in correction of degenerative lumbosacral stenozis during the postoperative period in dogs

Dynamics of cerebrospinal fl parameters in postoperative period during correction of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs is an important diagnostic aspect that allows monitoring changes in the state of animals after surgery. An accurate analysis of cerebrospinal fl id provides a wide range of information about the patients neurological health. The assessment should consist of macroscopic, quantitative and microscopic analyses. Сell count is the most important and potentially sensitive indicator of disease. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the cerebrospinal fluid during the postoperative period in the correction of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis. In the study, there were 9 dogs of various breeds, aged from 2 to 8 years (experimental group), the indicators of cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of 3 healthy outbred dogs obtained as a result of medical examination at the age of up to 5 years were used as a control. Surgical intervention was carried out according to the B.P. Meij, N. Bergknut, which consists in dorsal access to the L7-S 1 vertebral arches, soft tissue dissection, dissection of the dorsal ligament, formation of channels in the cranial articular processes of S 1, L7. From each animal, three liquorograms were taken for examination three times on days 1-3 after surgery, on days 12-15 and 27-30 after surgery. The study of cerebrospinal fluid was performed within 30 minutes after taking. As a result of the data obtained, it was found that the cellular composition of the liquor of dogs in the postoperative period of correction of lumbosacral stenosis was within the physiological norm, erythrocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid were not detected. The number of nucleated cells in operated dogs was the highest on days 1-3 after surgery. On the 12th-15th day after the operation, cytosis in the experimental and control groups of animals was 1.27 cells/l more. On days 27-30 after surgery, cytosis in dogs in the experimental group was lower by 0.45 cells/l compared to the control. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid can help in the diagnostic assessment of the condition of animals in the postoperative period. However, it should be borne in mind that results are rarely specific to any particular condition and should be interpreted in the light of clinical and additional diagnostic findings.

119 Change in Serum Total Lipid Profiles in Dogs Supplemented with Camelina, Flaxseed, or Canola oil for 16 Weeks

Abstract There are few data describing the effects of different oils on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in dogs. Our objectives were to assess the effects of camelina (CAM), flaxseed (FLAX), and canola oil (OLA) on the serum total lipid FA profiles over a 16-week feeding study. Thirty healthy, adult dogs of various breeds [17 females, 13 males; 7.2±3.1 years and 27.4±14.0 kg (mean±SD)] underwent a 4-week dietary wash-in period on a commercial, low-fat kibble top dressed with 8.2g sunflower oil/100g food intake. Dogs were blocked by breed, age, and size, and assigned to receive CAM, FLAX, or OLA for 16-weeks at the same dose as wash-in. Serum total FA were measured using gas chromatography from dogs at baseline and week 16. Data were analyzed with ANOVA using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS. In all treatments, the final percent area of pooled and individual omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) FAs were inversely related, with n-3 being greater at week 16 and n-6 less at week 16 compared with baseline (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Conversely, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid showed accumulation at week 16 and docosahexaenoic acid was less at week 16 than baseline for all treatments (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Stearidonic acid was greater in FLAX than OLA but both were similar to CAM, and α-linolenic differed among all treatments (FLAX &amp;gt;CAM &amp;gt;OLA) (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Eicosadienoic acid was less in FLAX than CAM and OLA (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Omega-9 FA were greater at week 16 for all treatments and individual FAs (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Eicosaenoic and mead acid were greater in CAM than FLAX and OLA, and oleic acid was greater in FLAX than OLA, but similar to CAM (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Differences among dogs fed camelina, flax, and canola oils were due to the inherent FA concentrations of the oil and suggest all oils are suitable for increasing serum n-3 concentrations.

114 Effects of Dietary Cameline oil Supplementation on Inflammatory and Oxidative Markers, Trans-Epidermal Water Loss, and Skin and Coat Health Parameters in Healthy Adult Dogs

Abstract Camelina oil has a desirable ratio of the essential fatty acids (EFAs) omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; ALA), and omega-6 linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; LA). Alpha-linolenic acid supports canine skin and coat health, and inflammation. Therefore, an investigation of the effects of camelina oil on skin and coat health, and inflammation in comparison with other plant-derived EFA oil sources is needed. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of camelina oil to those of flaxseed and canola oil on skin and coat health, skin barrier function, and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Thirty privately-owned, adult dogs of various breeds (17 females; 13 males), with an average age of 7.2±3.1 years and body weight (BW) of 27.4±14.0 were used. After a 4-week wash-in period using sunflower oil and a commercial kibble, dogs were blocked by age, breed, and size, and randomly allocated to one of three treatment oils: camelina, canola, or flaxseed. Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured using a VapoMeter on the pinna, paw pad, and inner leg. Fasted blood samples were collected to determine serum pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarker concentrations. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Plakoglobin (JUP) concentrations were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, while nitric oxide (NO) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations were determined using spectrophotometric assays. A 5-point-Likert scale was used to assess skin and coat characteristics. All data were collected on weeks 0, 2, 4, 10, and 16 and assessed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Follicle density, fur color, shine, and softness increased and skin moisture and dander decreased from baseline in all treatment groups (P &amp;gt;0.05). Outcomes did not differ (P &amp;gt;0.05) among treatment groups over 16 weeks, indicating that camelina oil can be considered comparable with existing plant-based canine oil supplements, flaxseed and canola, to support skin and coat health, and inflammation in dogs.