Doctoral Thesis Research Articles

Speech therapy in adaptation of dentomaxillary and functional orthopedic appliances

The mouth, along with the throat, nostrils and facial spaces, acts as an amplifier and shaper of sounds, while the lips, teeth and tongue are essential in the formation of vowels. Oral structure and dental or orthodontic problems can influence the way we speak. A recent study focused on dentists' perception of the usefulness of speech therapy during the adaptation of dentomaxillary and functional orthopedics, with the aim of laying the foundation for a doctoral thesis. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire, administered through Google Forms. The sample consisted of 47 dentists, including teachers and students of orthodontics and pediatric dentistry at the San Gregorio de Portoviejo University, selected for their experience in dentomaxillary orthopedics in pediatric patients. The results revealed that 85% of professionals observed changes in speech when adapting devices, and 93% considered the creation of a guide to assist patients with speech irregularities after adapting these devices crucial. This study provides a foundation for future research on the impact of braces on speech function

_EVEN MORE_ COMPLICATED: THE NETWORKED LIVES OF TEENAGERS IN A CONTEXT OF EXCLUSION IN BRAZIL

This paper stems from a chapter of my Doctoral dissertation. It borrows from the work of boyd (2014) on the experiences of teenagers in social media. In this paper I will present the different usages of the internet and social media by teenagers that live in a context of exclusion. I will focus on teenagers that are placed in care institutions in Brazil, and their struggle with everyday forms of stigma and oppression. To live in a care institution, a.k.a shelters, is a unique experience that is the consequence of rights violations against children and teenagers (Brazilian Statute of the Child and of the Adolescent, 1990). The placement in a shelter is an extreme measure that remove children from their families and communities. To legitimate the state intervention and highlighting the exceptionality and temporality of that measure, the law prioritises family and community conviviality. This is not the case for most of teenagers, as it is unlikely they will be adopted or return, and they will spent most of their teen years there. I will present the narratives of institution and especially teenagers, with which I highlight the link between their experiences of exclusion, the formation of identity and their digital personas. For such, I will use the concept of reflexive identity (Giddens, 1991) and the script approach (Akrich, 1992) to portray how their actions show some kind accomodation and appropriation of the affordances of social media to seek stability in a context of high uncertainty.

초등 STEAM 연구동향 분석

This study analyzes the research trends in master’s and doctoral dissertations on elementary STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) published between 2012, when STEAM gained prominence, and 2022. To that end, four research contents were identified. A total of 190 theses were selected for final analysis after searching the “elementary STEAM” keyword in the Korea Education & Research Information Service database. The analysis criteria included thesis characteristics (publishing year, publishing university, and intended degree), research purposes and subjects, and research objects and methods. Research methods involved frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis by reviewing the relevant literature and utilizing Excel. The specific conclusions drawn from this study are as follows.
 First, regarding publishing years, 29 theses were published in 2013, 28 in 2017, and 26 each in 2014 and 2015. Regarding publishing universities, the Gyeongin National University of Education took the lead with 47 theses, followed by the Seoul National University of Education (27) and the Busan National University of Education (18). In terms of degrees intended for publication, master’s degrees comprised the majority of publications with 177 theses, while only 13 were doctoral degrees. Second, regarding research purposes, 86 theses were published on influence and effect, 35 on development, 34 on development and application, and 18 on analysis. Concerning subjects, 79 theses focused on science, followed by 38 on STEAM, 29 on arts and sports, 15 on practical studies, and 12 on mathematics. Third, regarding research objects, 145 theses focused on students, 26 on works of literature, and 19 on teachers. In terms of methods, 139 theses employed quantitative research, 32 were literature reviews, and 12 were qualitative research. Based on these findings, future studies should consider subdividing the analysis criteria in terms of research purposes, subjects, and methods.

Heritage conservation in war and post-war conditions during the 1990s

Purpose. The aim of the paper is to describe the activities undertaken by Dubrovnik Libraries during and after the Croatian War of Independence to preserve their heritage collections. The intention is also to present plans for possible future challenges as well as to compare the conditions, resources and equipment available in the 1990s and in the present. Approach/methodology. The paper shows the degree of damage to the Library collections through an in situ case study, the basic data on how evacuation was approached, the organisation of work in crisis conditions, the storage of collections during the war period and then the relocation to the new building. The paper was based on primary sources, including first-hand accounts by the former Library Director Mrs Urban and interviews with older or retired librarians, and secondary sources such as the official report by a paper conservationist who conducted the inspection of damaged library materials in situ, newspaper articles, books, periodicals, doctoral thesis, emergency plan and measures etc. The research for this paper also enabled cooperation between librarians and conservators, as well as finding,scanning and archiving valuable historic library documents, which will be, as a result, available to any future researchers and for posterity. Findings. The paper presents a valuable experience of how endangered cultural heritage was protected in the past and offers contemporary insights into improving the methods of storing, preventive protection and transporting books and archive materials. To avoid previous mistakes, Dubrovnik Libraries developed the crisis response plan with emergency measures in 2020, while in the previous years numerous new resources and equipment had been put into place. Value. The paper gives an overview of a thirty-year long process of caring for heritage collections and it presents perspectives from both librarians and conservators. It outlines the way new resources – human, financial and technological – were used after the war to repair the damage and prevent anything similar from occurring in the future. Hopefully, this paper will raise awareness among cultural institutions and serve as a valuable aid in the practice of crisis management as well as preventive care.

Co-Existence of Wives and Functioning of Polygamous Families: Love VS Arranged Second Marriages in Pakistan

Two third societies around the world permit polygamy across religions and cultures where a man has more than one wife at the same time. The accurate data about the existence of polygamy is not available for any country in the world. Polygamy is legally practiced in Pakistan as well but not much appreciated culturally. As the previous studies have found polygamy causes various economic, physical and emotional problems for women and children living under, it becomes important to study the functioning of polygamy. The present study is part of the researcher’s doctorate (PhD Gender Studies) thesis conducted with qualitative research methodology opting phenomenological study design by interviewing fifteen individuals, 5 husbands and 10 wives, currently living under polygamy in Kasur city of Pakistan. The study found first wife’s infertility or inability to produce male child a leading cause of polygamy here in Pakistan and better functioning of polygamous families where second marriage was also arranged and both wives were living in the same house. In cases where second marriage is out of love through the court of law the first wife and other family members do not accept the second wife, not even allow her to enter the home in most cases. In almost all cases the polygamous husbands give preferential treatment to second wife because of being younger than the first wife, being more beautiful and attractive or producing male child etc. First wife is neglected and developed a sense of deprivation in case of being infertile or unable to produce a male child.

Literature Review: Digital Books in Preschool Period

In literature, the new generation of children who become exposed to a digital world are referred to as digital natives. This generation, which knows about touch screens, sensor lights, and programmed fixtures that produce water when they connect, grows up with the abilities to utilize electronic gadgets since the beginning of their life. Over time, numerous daily actions are transferred to the digital environment in order to satisfy their desires and needs. Children can now play games in front of a screen, as opposed to playing games with their friends mostly outside, in parks, or on the streets. One of the significant instances of this present circumstance are advanced picture story books. There are many examinations about the constructive outcomes of printed picture books on preschoolers’ language, mental, social and profound improvement in youth. This situation can be explained in part by the fact that printed books have been around for a very long time. There hasn't been a comprehensive survey study on digital children's books in the literature. As a result, it is now imperative that postgraduate thesis studies on digital books for preschoolers in Turkey need to be examined. A total of 265 thesis studies, which were accessed using the keywords of digital children's books, electronic children's books, electronic books, children's picture books, were examined and accessed through the https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ site, which allows postgraduate thesis and dissertations to be stored and scanned. Studies on digital books that focus on preschool children are separated. A systematic content analysis of 12 disaggregated postgraduate thesis studies was carried out under the headings of publication year, department, type of thesis and dissertations, sample group, research purpose and method. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the first thesis work on the subject was done in 2012. When the types of theses were examined, 5 doctoral level thesis studies and 7 master's level thesis studies were reached. When the sample groups were examined, it was concluded that the distribution of girls and boys was balanced. However, no study was found involving children with disabilities and families with preschool children. While there are 6 thesis studies in the Visual Arts Department, it turns out that there are 4 studies in the Preschool Department, and one study in the fields of Psychology and Computer Instructional Technologies. Due to the limited number of studies on the subject, it is recommended to develop them in terms of quality and quantity. Children with disabilities can be included in the studies. In addition, the subject can be investigated in depth by using the triangulation data collection method, which includes families, teachers and children.

Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Efficiency, Earnings Ability, Liquidity and Financial Performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya

The study sought to examine the effect of capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earnings ability, liquidity and financial performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya. The study originates from the Doctoral dissertation of the first author in which the co-authors served as supervisors. Descriptive and panel regression analysis were applied based on secondary data obtained for the period 2013 to 2022. The study established that capital adequacy has insignificant effect on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. It was established that asset quality has significant effect on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. It was established that management efficiency has insignificant effect on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. It was established that earnings ability has significant effect on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study established that liquidity has insignificant effect on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. Effective credit risk system should be put in place to ensure proper identification, assessment, monitoring as well as control of credit risks. The study recommends that the managers of SACCOs should strive towards increasing the business net worth while ensuring competitiveness in the business environment. This can be achieved through continuous product innovation alongside having leverage on emerging technology. Additional studies can be done specifically on the effect of capital adequacy, management efficiency and liquidity on financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. This is in view of their insignificant predictive effect on financial performance. As such, additional researches on these variables can be based on different methodological approaches. Keywords: Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Efficiency, Earnings Ability, Liquidity and Financial Performance

Mediating Effect of Firm Size on the Nexus between Camel Rating Model and Financial Performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya

Savings and credit cooperatives are of importance to developing countries due to their huge contributions on the national economy. The study sought to examine the mediation effect of firm size on the relationship between CAMEL rating model and financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study emanates from the Doctoral dissertation of the first author where the co-authors served as supervisors. Efficiency structure theory and working capital management theory were used. Panel regression analysis was used based on secondary data for the period 2013 to 2022. The study established that the mediation effect of firm size on the relationship between CAMEL rating model and financial performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya was significant. Higher market value and consequently financial performance are linked to institutions with large firm sizes. It is therefore recommended that SACCOs should strive towards growing their total assets which will subsequently translate to higher profits and ultimately higher financial performance. The advantages of economies of scale of large institutions should be fully maximized so as to sustain higher financial performance of SACCOs. Keywords: CAMEL Rating Model, Firm Size, Financial Performance and Deposit Taking SACCOs

Military classes as the driving force of the movement for a positive image of the Polish Armed Forces among young people

The article presents the results of research carried out for the purposes of the doctoral dissertation entitled Creating the image of the Polish Armed Forces as a guarantor of defence capabilities. The work draws attention to the importance and essential meaning of military classes in this process. The article presents the history of military classes and the methodological assumptions of the research. A review of research on students of military classes included in the literature on the subject was conducted. The results of the author’s own research on the impact of education in military classes on the perception of the Polish Armed Forces were presented, as well as conclusions and recommendations. The research problem of this article is the question: How do students of military classes perceive the current image of the Polish Armed Forces? The aim of the study was to analyse the currently employed measures shaping the image of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland in the opinion of the students of military classes.

Multicultural Family Parent Education Research Trend Analysis - Focusing on Domestic Doctoral Dissertations from 2012 to 2022 -

Multicultural Family Parent Education Research Trend Analysis - Focusing on Domestic Doctoral Dissertations from 2012 to 2022 -

WHAT TO DO IF YOU RECEIVE TWO NEGATIVE REVIEWS IN DOCTORAL PROCEEDINGS

Pursuant to art. 191 section 1 of the Act on Higher Education and Science, a person who has received positive reviews from at least two reviewers may be allowed to defend a doctoral dissertation. An in-depth analysis of this provision and practical experience from recent years of its validity indicate that this seemingly logical-looking regulation raises numerous doubts, problems and difficulties that arise at the stage of issuing a decision refusing admission to defense. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze it thoroughly and to try to indicate ways of proceeding in order to avoid procedural problems that entities authorized to award academic degrees often face nowadays. Finally, de lege ferenda conclusions will also be presented, which would help eliminate the difficulties that are currently emerging.

Bibliography of Academic Publications on Wahhabism in Iran: Third Level Seminar Risales and Graduation Risales of Madrasas and Master's and Doctoral Theses of Religious Sciences Programs of Universities

Şiî mezhebi ile Selefî akım arasındaki çatışmanın öteden beri devam ettiği bilinmektedir. Genellikle “Şiî-Sünnî” çatışması şeklinde lanse edilen bu mücadele, aslında “Şiî-Hilâli” olarak olarak adlandırılan ve birçok ülkeye dağılmış olan Şiî nüfusu bünyesine dahil etme amacı güden İran ile ülkesinde önemli oranda Şiî nüfusu barındırdırdığı için bu mezhep mensuplarını kendisi için tehdit olarak algılayan Suudi Arabistan arasındaki çatışmanın günümüzdeki bir devamıdır. “Şiî-Sünnî mücadelesi” şeklinde ele alınan bu mücadelenin aslında “Şiî-Vehhâbî çatışması” şeklinde ele alınması daha doğrudur. Son yıllarda Suudi Arabistan’da Şiilik üzerine, İran’da ise Vehhâbîlik konusunda yapılan yayınların sayısının önemli ölçüde arttığı gözlenmektedir. Bu yayınların tümünü ele almak çalışmanın kapsamını aşacağından biz bu makalede yalnızca İran’da geleneksel ve modern dinî ilimler alanında Vehhâbîlik üzerine yapılan yayınları aktaracağız. Öncelikle belirtmek gerekir ki, İran’da Vehhâbilik üzerine yapılan yayınların çokluğu, bu konuda yapılacak bilimsel araştırmalardaki kaynak taramalarını bir hayli zorlaştımaktadır. Bu durum konuya dair biyografik çalışmaların yapılmasını zorunlu hale getirmektedir. Bu nedenle biz bu makalede öncelikle akademik araştırmalarda bibliyografik çalışmaların önemine değindik, daha sonra da kaynakların konulara göre sistemli bir şekilde bir araya getirilmesinin söz konusu eserlere kolayca ulaşılmasını sağladığına, bunun da bilgi paylaşımının etkinleşmesini kolaylaştırdığına işaret ettik. İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi alanında yapılan bibliyografik çalışmaları örnek alarak yaptığımız bu çalışmada İran’da sayısı yüzleri bulan Vehhâbîlik konulu çalışmaların künyelerinin bir araya getirilmesini amaçladık.

РЕЦЕНЗИЯ НА МОНОГРАФИЮ «МОЛЕВ Е.А., МОЛЕВА Н.В. БОСПОРСКИЙ ГОРОД КИТЕЙ: МОНОГРАФИЯ. ЧАСТЬ III. – НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД: ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО НИЖЕГОРОДСКОГО ГОСУНИВЕРСИТЕТА, 2022. – 453 c.: С ИЛ., ТАБЛ.»

The review analyzes the monograph by Evgeny Alexandrovich Molev and Natalia Vladimirovna Moleva "The Bosporan city of Kitei: Monograph. Part III", dedicated to the results of excavations in the field seasons 2005-2012 and 2016-2017. The preparation and publication of the fundamental work were the result of many years of research into the ancient city of Kitei. At the time of publi-cation of the monograph, one of the authors of the work, Yevgeny Alexandrovich Molev, passed away. But the debt of memory and respect for the famous Russian archaeologist and antiquarian prompted his colleagues and associates, led by Alexander Valentinovich Makhlayuk, to complete the work and publish it. Evgeny Alexandrovich was a great friend of Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov. After the collapse of the USSR, the eminent Russian scientist made every effort to restore comprehensive ties between Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod State University and Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov. This was reflected in the par-ticipation of colleagues in international and all-Russian conferences, the opposition of candidate and doctoral dissertations, in performances as a leading organization, the preparation of reviews of dissertations, monographs and textbooks. For 15 years he was the chairman of the State Attestation Commission in the field of Histo-ry. His high competence and professionalism made it possible to objectively assess the quality of the training of graduate historians, to be on top of the requirements for modern specialists. Evgeny Alexandrovich published his articles in the electronic journal "Kavkazologiya" when he took his first steps. Therefore, we could not remain indifferent to the appearance of the latest monograph by E.A. Molev. The topic studied in the monograph is certainly relevant. For kavkazologists, it is in-teresting because it provides a new layer of knowledge about the interaction in the ancient era of the Greek cities of Bosporus and the Sinds and Meots, which is fully correlated with the identical studies of R.J. Betrozov in the Northwestern Caucasus. The structure of the work is clear and well-founded. The scientific content of the sections is relevant to existing academic standards. The publication deserves the highest appreciation and at-tention of the historical and archaeological community.

Hidden in Plain Sight: Fascism in Quebec during the Second World War

My doctoral dissertation on anti-Semitism and extreme right-wing nationalism in 1929–39 Quebec proved to be a thread that, once pulled, would reveal other aspects of Quebec history that had also been hidden in plain sight. The writing of the most prominent nationalists of the 1930s was available in most university libraries in Quebec. While some politicians acknowledged in their memoirs the influence of these intellectuals in their youth, the appeal of fascism and anti-Semitism was never mentioned. Their resounding silence was quickly shattered by reading the Université de Montréal (University of Montreal)’s Le Quartier Latin student newspaper, where articles praising fascism and denouncing the Jewish influence were common, and a little book that claimed that Pierre Elliott Trudeau had been a member of a revolutionary organisation that aimed at toppling the provincial government to establish an independent Quebec freed from democracy. Researching the French Nazi collaborators warmly received in Quebec after the Second World War led to a little-known man who became the personal ambassador to the Vatican of the premier of Quebec, Maurice Duplessis, during the Asbestos Strike of 1949. Combing through the files of some of the leading actors of that conflict in the Jesuits’ archives would reveal that the miners’ health threatened by asbestosis was a significant issue that the historiography of the event had neglected.

Migration Museums as Spaces for Intercultural Dialogue: The Museu da Imigração de São Paulo as a Facilitator of Participatory Practices

ABSTRACT Migration museums and, in particular, the Museu da Imigração do Estado de São Paulo, represent a variant of the museum of society. By constituting a local heritage dedicated to immigration, the museum develops a participatory approach with communities of immigrant origin, highlighting its memorial character and facilitating the institution’s more inclusive identity. These museums often favour an interdisciplinary approach to the subject These new perspectives challenge museum experts’ and visitors’ own paradigms about the represented group or society. This article puts into perspective the constituent characteristics of immigration museums with those of society museums. The problematization presented in this article was done based on my doctoral thesis with a focus on museum history, archive analysis and interviews.

A thematic content analysis study on concept map oriented graduate theses between 2001 and 2023

The main purpose of this study is to examine the postgraduate theses on concept mapping in terms of purpose and method and to determine the general trends of the studies prepared within the framework of this theme. The data obtained for this purpose were analyzed by thematic content analysis method. The postgraduate theses published on the official website of the National Thesis Center of the Higher Education Institution in Turkey (YÖK TEZ) between 2001 and 2023 on concept mapping were scanned in line with the criteria for inclusion in the study. A total of 116 graduate thesis, 100 master's theses (MT) and 16 doctoral theses (DT), were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were "being within the specified date range", "being concept map-oriented", "being within the Institute of Educational Sciences and Social Sciences". The distribution of the theses within the scope of the research was examined according to the year of publication, type of publication, subject, method/pattern, sample/study group and size, type of data collection tools, data analysis methods and the department/science branch. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the theses examined were mostly aimed at examining the effect of concept maps on student achievement, were predominantly designed in experimental design, the sample/study group was mostly in the range of 51-100 participants, and the sample consisted mostly of primary and secondary school students. It is thought that the main results of this study will provide important clues to researchers working in this field. Within the framework of the results of the research, it can be suggested that different research methods should be utilized in new studies to be conducted in this subject area, especially qualitative studies should be designed to examine the subject.

Quick Ratio and Financial Performance of Agricultural Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

The study was informed by the continuous decline in financial performance of the Agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study emanates from the Doctoral dissertation of the first author in which the co-authors served as supervisors. A census approach was adopted where secondary data from audited annual financial reports of all the six Agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities exchange, Kenya was used, covering the period 2015 to 2022. Descriptive analysis and panel regression analysis were applied. Based on the outcome of the panel regression analysis, the study established that quick ratio has significant effect on financial performance of the Agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study established that quick ratio has significant effect on financial performance of the Agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study further recommends that holding of quick assets should be done with caution by firms. Holding of quick assets should be done in view of underlying short-term liabilities since excessive levels lead to declining financial performance. Keywords: Quick Ratio, Financial Performance, Trade-Off Theory and Dividend Signaling Theory

Content Analysis of Academic Studies Related to Orienteering Sport in Türkiye Between 2001-2021

The aim of this study is to examine the data on publication type, publication year, publication language, research method, data collection tools, sample type and research topics in academic studies related to orienteering sport in Türkiye between 2001-2021. Content analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, has been used as the research model. The data were collected by literature review and analyzed using explanatory content analysis technique. As a result, it has been determined that the number of studies has increased as of 2017, the cognitive aspect of orienteering sports has come to the fore as a subject, and the number of doctoral dissertations is insufficient. In the studies examined, Turkish as a language, quantitative studies as a method, and athletes as a sample type are more numerous. According to the results of this study, the following suggestions can be made: The number of doctoral theses, the number of studies in English language that can be published in international refereed journals, the number of studies conducted by qualitative and mixed methods, studies related to different groups such as referees, coaches and managers should be increased. Orientation sport-specific attitude scale or questionnaire development studies should be done. A wider literature review should be made by considering the current developments and the relations of orienteering sports with different disciplines. Since orienteering sport has cognitive characteristics and can be used as an educational tool, studies related to different disciplines should be carried out.Keywords: Academic Studies, Content Analysis, Orienteering

Effect of Cash Ratio on Financial Performance of Agricultural Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

The study was informed by the continuous decline in financial performance of the agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study emanates from the Doctoral dissertation of the first author in which the co-authors served as supervisors. A census approach was adopted where secondary data from audited annual financial reports of all the six Agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities exchange, Kenya was used, covering the period 2015 to 2022. Descriptive analysis and panel regression analysis were applied. Based on the outcome of the panel regression analysis, the study established that cash ratio has significant effect on financial performance of the Agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study recommends that agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange need to improve on their cash and cash equivalents holdings so as to easily address current liabilities when due. This will in turn sustain the financial performance of agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. Additional research can be done using a different method of analysis to further investigate the relationship between cash ratio and financial performance of agricultural firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. Keywords: Agricultural Firms, Cash Ratio, Financial Performance, Liquidity Preference Theory and Stewardship Theory

Folosirea titlului turcesc de respect efendi în unele texte din epoca fanariotă

The present article aimed to describe some particularities of the use of the Turkish title of respect effendi in some texts written in the Romanian language during the Phanariot rules, presented in detail in the doctoral thesis entitled Oriental Models in the Expression of Politeness in the Romanian Language During the Phanariot Rules, defended in November 2018 at the University of Bucharest. In the above-mentioned paper, we discussed the use of the title of respect effendi in reference and reverential address in texts written during the Phanariot rules. Taking into consideration the limitations of historical pragmatics, which strictly obliges the use of written texts existing at the time, we noted that effendi, like other oriental titles of respect, such as bei or celebi, is more frequently used in reference than in address. We highlighted that, undoubtedly, the use of the oriental pattern proper name+title of respect, the Turkish formulas İstanbul efendisi and devleti efenti, as well as the possessive structures efendin al Giurgiovului and pașa efendimiz, together with the graphic variation efendi-efenti from the Romanian language, the interpretation as an anthroponym in the form Afendulea, the common noun behavior (un efendi, acel efendi), the dislocation of the hybrid Turkish-Greek pattern bei-mu are clear evidence of the acceptance of some Oriental models in the Romanian politeness system from the Phanariot rules and indicate, in the legal and political-diplomatic context of that time, the recognition of Ottoman suzerainty.