Logical Division Research Articles

Penerapan Clean Arsitektur Menggunakan Mobile Platform Berbasis Flutter Untuk Aplikasi Layanan Kapal

Indonesia's mobile technology adoption rate of 77.02% provides a great opportunity forcompanies to improve their services through mobile platforms. PT ABC, a ship service providerfor various needs, currently only uses web-based applications and needs a mobile-based shipservice application to increase efficiency and flexibility. This research aims to implement CleanArchitecture on a Flutter-based mobile platform to improve the structure and facilitate codemaintenance in ship service applications. The research method used is the prototyping method,with stages including Communication, Quick Plan, Modelling Quick Design, Prototype Formationand Deployment Delivery & Feedback. This approach enables faster application development,earlier identification of potential changes, and reduced risk of failure or mismatch with user needs.The results showed that the application of Clean Architecture in mobile-based ship service applications was successfully implemented so that it provided ease of maintenance. Blackboxtesting with 10 test cases ensures that the application functions as expected and is ready to be usedby PT ABC. User Acceptance Testing also shows that this application meets the needs of users andincreases the company's responsiveness to market changes, the test results reached 86.83%. Withthe division of business logic into usecases folders, the overall efficiency of development, flexibilityof change, and ease of maintenance of the system is increased. In conclusion, Clean Architectureproved to be the right solution to optimise PT ABC's business operations, facilitate applicationmaintenance and testing, and improve code understanding and readability for developers

Heavens of Knowledge: The Order of Sciences in Dante’s Convivio

The essay focuses on Dante’s divisio scientiae presented in the second book of his Convivio. As a first step, it offers a fresh reading of Dante’s description of knowledge and the cosmos, emphasizing its deeply visual nature. The article then presents an overview of the Medieval tradition of the divisio scientiae, culminating with divisions that are geographically and chronologically close to Dante’s Florence. In relation to Brunetto Latini’s Rettorica and Tresor, new evidence is provided to elucidate his peculiar division of logic. Ultimately, Dante’s divisio and its objectives are reassessed in light of their historical background, underscoring their cosmological and totalizing scope. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the findings consider cognitive practices, such as diagrams, and examine a wide array of sources within their historical and institutional context, highlighting their transmission and dissemination.

Finding Out the Root of Congestion Problems in Malang City and the Best Solution with Public Policy Analysis

Traffic congestion has a significant negative impact on regional economic activities and decreases community productivity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sources of congestion problems in Malang City and the best way to solve them with a high level of effectiveness. The method used is qualitative with secondary data study. The researcher used a classification-based analysis approach to address the congestion problem with a multidisciplinary approach and explore the root of the congestion problem in Malang City. The first step involves logical division to classify the problem situation into several components. Second, logical classification refers to the act of combining different circumstances, things, or individuals into larger groups or classes. The results showed that the source of the problem was found in the high volume of vehicles and disorderly parking due to the growing accumulative population mobility. As a result, the capacity of Malang City is not able to accommodate this. Recommendations from alternative options resulting from the satisficing method analysis were carried out. In the end, the option to reorganize the road space is the option that is considered to meet all the criteria.

Advances in Real-Time 3D Reconstruction for Medical Endoscopy.

This contribution is intended to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art concerning real-time 3D reconstruction methods suitable for medical endoscopy. Over the past decade, there have been various technological advancements in computational power and an increased research effort in many computer vision fields such as autonomous driving, robotics, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Some of these advancements can also be adapted to the field of medical endoscopy while coping with challenges such as featureless surfaces, varying lighting conditions, and deformable structures. To provide a comprehensive overview, a logical division of monocular, binocular, trinocular, and multiocular methods is performed and also active and passive methods are distinguished. Within these categories, we consider both flexible and non-flexible endoscopes to cover the state-of-the-art as fully as possible. The relevant error metrics to compare the publications presented here are discussed, and the choice of when to choose a GPU rather than an FPGA for camera-based 3D reconstruction is debated. We elaborate on the good practice of using datasets and provide a direct comparison of the presented work. It is important to note that in addition to medical publications, publications evaluated on the KITTI and Middlebury datasets are also considered to include related methods that may be suited for medical 3D reconstruction.

Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Bulletin no. 24

Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science and Technology of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Bulletin no. 24

КОМПЛЕКСНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ПРИВАБЛИВОСТІ ВІННИЦЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

The article examines the mechanism of forming a strategy for stimulating tourist attraction by forming its purpose, goals and objectives, as well as the results of its implementation. An example of one of these strategies is the program of smart tourism specialization of the Vinnytsia region as an example of a complex mechanism for stimulating the tourist attractiveness of this region. It is noted that this mechanism is a model that should be based on a SWOT analysis of the tourism industry of the Vinnytsia region, the specifics of the tourism industry in the region, the specification of expected results taking into account promising strategic decisions, as well as the formation of a specific strategy for the smart specialization of tourism in the region. The work also developed a methodical model for the formation of a smart tourism specialization program in the Vinnytsia region. The expected results from the implementation of this mechanism and the indicators of these results are defined. Also, during the formation of a complex mechanism for stimulating the tourist attractiveness of the Vinnytsia region, attention was paid to the logical division of the region's territories, namely, an analysis of the regions of the region was carried out and their tourist specialization was determined, which made it possible to make a more thorough analysis of the territories and tourist destinations, which in turn will make it possible to more accurately form strategic tourism goals to attract potential investors. The result of such a proposal is a map of the specialization of districts of Vinnytsia region by types of tourism based on available tourist resources. The importance and effectiveness of using the specified mechanism for stimulating the tourist attractiveness of the Vinnytsia region is confirmed by the determination of regional development priorities on the basis of smart specialization, which is mentioned in the new cycle of strategic planning in the field of regional development until 2027. It is noted that the implementation of the mechanism of increasing the tourist attractiveness of the Vinnytsia region through the implementation of smart specialization requires the comprehensiveness of all sectors of the economy and representatives of the state and business.

“The Critique of Pure Reason” in the Writings of P.D. Lodij

First Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at Main Pedagogical Institute and then also St. Petersburg University, Carpatho-Rusyn P. D. Lodij spent a quarter of a century teaching philosophy and law in the Russian Empire in the first third of the 19th century. His knowledge of Kant’s philosophy and his attitude to Kant’s criticism are estimated diametrically opposed in the research literature. An analysis of his main philosophical work, “Logical Precepts which Lead to Cognition and the Distinction of the True from the False” (1815), convincingly proves that Lodij was an excellent scholar of Kant’s philosophy. In Russia, he was the first thinker who spoke about the differences between the first and second editions of the “Critique of Pure Reason”. Lodij also was the first who noted both the revolutionary role of Kant’s Copernican turn, and the importance of Humeʼs causality problem for the formation of critical philosophy. In Russia, Lodij was the first who proposed a detailed description of Kant’s transcendental idealism. At the same time, Lodij’s general attitude to Kant was rather skeptical. In his own logic, he does not follow Kant’s division of logic into pure and applied, but he returns to pre-Kant’s split into theoretical and practical logics. Lodij disputes with the basic conclusions about the space derived from the transcendental aesthetic, denies synthetic judgments a priori and the rooting of the cognizing reason in illusions. Despite his unequivocal claims regarding Kant’s philosophy, “Logical Precepts” and its author were persecuted during the so-called “professorsʼ affair” of the 1820s. As a result, Lodij was suspended from teaching philosophy, and his logic textbook was withdrawn from teaching for both “disgrace” and imaginary Kantianism.

Classification and study of glass based on cluster analysis

As one of the earliest human materials invented by mankind, glass products play a great role in the study of history. Because the ancient glass is easily affected by the buried environment, resulting in the weathering of the surface of the cultural relics, this paper classifies the cultural relics in order to better protect and study the ancient glass. In this paper, some data of weathered cultural relics are collected to establish a model for subclassification of cultural relics.This paper first conducted principal component analysis of two different types of glass and screened out different principal components of two types of glass. Then, according to the number of cluster categories (K value) obtained by the contour algorithm, combined with the obtained principal components, the cluster analysis is used to divide the subclasses, and the specific subclass division method and division results are obtained. The subclass characteristics are obtained by analyzing for each subclass data. For the established subclass classification, multiple cluster analysis was performed using changed K values to perform the sensitivity and rationality analysis of the model. The results show that the model established in this paper finds a good classification rule for some chemical substances of weathered cultural relics, gives a logical division method, and explores and compares the similarities and differences between different chemical components.

The Fragments, Run-Ons, and Comma Splices in Selected Types of Paragraph Writing

Writing is a challenge for non-native English writers since the process of transferring the message includes the writers’ writing competence and it is recorded permanently. As a result, the English learners make errors when they lack the writing skill and knowledge. This study aims to reveal the fragments, run-ons, and comma splices in selected types of paragraphs, namely descriptive paragraph, paragraph of logical division of ideas, process paragraph, and comparison-contrast paragraph. The empirical, quantitative approach is used to identify the frequency of each kind of error in the paragraphs written by students of English Department in University of Widya Dharma Pontianak in academic year 2021/2022. To conclude, the errors occur mostly in comparison-contrast paragraphs (37.96%) as there are different ways of organization. Furthermore, the most frequent kind of error is fragment (66.67%), which is missing an independent clause (41.67%). This is due to the students’ experiencing incomplete thought or their having an afterthought following their previous finished sentence. Lastly, the paragraph of logical divisions of ideas has the least errors (13.89%) and the kind of error that rarely occurs is run-on (9.26%).

Paragraph construction in scientific and technical research for Bachelor of Sciences students

The research objective is the study of paragraph construction structural peculiarities in scientific and technical text in teaching students of various fields. The article analyses and reveals distinctive features of paragraph construction in scientific research. The study proves that analyses of paragraph structural features conduce to fuller distinction of stylistic originality of scientific text, its architectonics and composition. The article clarifies that in contrast to literary text, paragraph in scientific and technical text is distinguished by far greater concise and accurate structure formatting. The research proves that in the paragraph of scientific and technical text every following utterance, having close semantic relations with a preceding utterance, functions as its continuation. Having analyzed paragraph construction structural peculiarities the authors single out its main distinctive features: standardized size, unilinearity, clarity of hierarchic relations between utterances, logically strict consecutive order of its sequence, tight connection between preceding and following utterances. The study proves that in scientific and technical texts paragraphs are monolithic speech units from which bigger segments of the text are «built» (sections, chapters, etc). By building such units, clear, evident logical division of the text is achieved (speech product), necessary for more precise and objective scientific statements and facts, eloquent evidence of the propositions put forward, theories, hypotheses, etc.

Reasons influencing the formation of low-speed pre-ignition

Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI) is a problem for many highly boosted engines and constitutes a major industry challenge. This paper provides an overview of the reasons that might lead to low-speed pre-ignition. These reasons have been systematized and divided into four groups related to the engine, fuel, lubricating engine oil, and engine operating conditions. In the case of the engine, particular attention was drawn, among others, to the type of fuel injection, the method of mixture formation, the compression ratio, and piston design as important factors affecting the occurrence of pre-ignition in the case of stochastic self-ignition. The paper analyzes the influence of the engine operation and the adjustment of its operating parameters on the frequency of occurrence of low-speed pre-ignition. The paper extensively discusses the relationship between the engine lubricating oil including the oil base groups and its additives and the occurrence of abnormal combustion. The impact of different types of detergents was considered in more detail. The paper also describes the effects of the fuel properties on low-speed pre-ignition. The most important fuel properties from the point of view of its confirmed influence on the formation of low-speed pre-ignition are the its chemical composition, deposit control additives and volatility. The conclusion emphasizes that the operating conditions in a modern downsized, turbocharged gasoline engine can induce a low-speed pre-ignition problem, which can lead to destructive super-knock events. It was indicated that low-speed pre-ignition tends to become more prominent in the operating regime that is most beneficial to attaining improved fuel economy. Therefore, the solution to this problem is considered to be a key factor in further development of downsizing and improving the engine efficiency. An innovative element of the article, which distinguishes it from other similar articles, is the proposed logical division and systematization of the hitherto identified factors influencing the LSPI phenomenon. This has been done by separating, comprehensively listing and ordering these factors

Sea Change: Ottoman Textiles between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean

Sea Change: Ottoman Textiles between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean

«Vicious» or «selected»? The linguosemantics of dispondee ending in Cicero's In Catilinam

This article is devoted to the study of "heavy" clauses, i.e. the rhythmics of dyspondee [– – – x], molossus and spondee [– – – – x] and creticus and molossus [– ᴗ – – – x ] at the end of the period in classical Latin prose on the material of Cicero's speeches "Against Catilina". The first paragraph, containing a brief outline of the history of the study of metric clauses, is generally devoted to two different approaches to the study of such rhythmic structures, namely the method of A. Bornecque, who called such clauses "vicious" and subjected some of them to conjuncture, and the teaching of Th. Zielinski, who distinguished them into a special class of "selected". As a result, the question of an alternative approach to the study of clauses is raised. В The second paragraph contains an analysis of the dyspondean clauses in Cicero's speeches "Against Catilina" regarding the frequency and place of their use in pericopes; the analysis uses a new methodology for studying the rhythm of prose developed by the author of the article. The relatively high frequency of heavy clauses indicates their essential role in the rhythmic organization of the text, and Cicero's desire to avoid such clauses at the end of super-phrasal units indicates their associative connection with the continuation of thought. Based on the data obtained, conclusions are drawn about the specific role of "heavy" clauses in the logical division of the text, which indicates the truth of Zielinski's theory.

Лекции Канта по логике и их значение для современного кантоведения

The article concerns Kantian logic manuscripts, dating from the early 80s. Such manuscripts include Vienna Logic, Hechsel Logic, Hoffmann Logic, Pölitz Logic, as well as Warsaw Logic and Volckmann Logic. The article sequentially exam­ines the main textological features of these manuscripts, presents the history of their discovery and study. Particular attention is paid to resolving the issue of dating, which is one of the main problems in dealing with this type of sources and playing a key role in determining their significance for the study of the Cri­tique of Pure Reason. The article presents the main points of view on the dating of these manuscripts that existed up to the present time, presents the grounds for their dating in the early 80s. In logic lectures several aspects are highlighted that can be useful in studying the philosophical system of Kant. The most significant of them are the reflections on the division of logic into analytics and dialectics, presented in lecture courses, and the consideration of this division through the canon-organon terminological pair. This division is absent in the Maier’s com­pendium, which indicates that this division is originally a Kantian innovation. Comparison with earlier lecture notes suggests that this approach took shape only in the 70s, most likely under the influence of Lambert.

Диалектика как логика видимости. О кантовском прочтении «Изагоги» Михаэля Пиккарта

An unrecognised copy (1665) in Kant’s private library of Michael Piccart’s Isagoge (1605), an introduction to the system of Aristotelian philosophy together with Kant’s own remarks on this author (Refl 4160, AA 17, p. 439) can be established as an original source for the Kantian ‘ideosphere’. First, I point out contexts and consequences of Piccart’s Altdorfian Aristotelianism, in contrast to the Königsbergian Aristotelianism (emphasised by Tonelli’s research). To further check the quality of Piccart as a source of Kant’s, a conceptual case-study is elaborated with Kant’s critical distinction between analytics as a “logic of truth” (KrV, B 85) and dialectics as a “logic of illusion” (KrV, B 86). Hereby, dialectics is understood as part of an Aristotelian division of logic in analytics, dialectics and sophistics (Königsberg/Rabe versus Altdorf/Piccart). As will be shown by the paradigmatic case of the famous Königsbergian proponent of Aristotelianism, Paul Rabe, Kant cannot have received the suggestion for his own critical distinction from Rabe’s Cursus Philosophicus. Instead, Piccart refers to a passage of Aristotle’s Metaphysics, which suggests the very distinction between an analytic philosopher who searches for scientific truth and dialecticians and sophists. For different reasons, they do not claim any scientific seriousness.

Pojęcie umowy mieszanej

The issue of mixed contracts in Polish doctrine of civil law returns every now and then. It certainly requires proper solution and proves that attempts at rejecting it as an independent category have not brought us any nearer to solving the problem. For ages, since the Roman times mixed contracts have been the subject matter of thorough analyses and interesting solutions. Also in Polish legal literature the necessity of distinguishing an independent category of mixed contracts has been repeatedly emphasised (see Chapter 2, item 3). Also, many years ago this issue was stressed by M. Sośniak, whose timeless studies were invaluable help when writing this dissertation. A dichotomic division into nominate and innominate contracts imposed on Polish doctrine turned out to be insufficient. This is proved both by the complicated nature of contemporary contractual relations, which are too difficult to be confined within rigid forms regulated by codes and other acts in the form of nominate contracts, and by caselaw. In the Fascicle 1 (12) 2009 ”Studies in Private Law” issued in 2009 Wojciech J. Katner presented an article entitled ”The notion of innominate contract” forerunning the publication of the issued in May 2010 Volume 9 Private Law System. Contract Law – innominate contracts. Raising this issue was an important and necessary initiative both in terms of classification of contracts, as well as their occurrence apart from mixed contracts. However, the omission of an independent category of mixed contracts in Volume 9 Private Law System, especially for the reason of the reputation of the previous issues, gives rise to disregarding the vast theoretical output related to this category of contracts. Instead of using the output – it is rejected as useless. According to the author of this publication, negating an independent category of mixed contracts was a result of taking within the last forty years false assumptions based on the premises of correctness of logical division without paying more attention to the doctrine analysis. Therefore, in the dissertation there are presented the opinions of both the most prominent Polish civil law scholars supporting the maintenance of the independent category of mixed contracts and the scholars with enormous scientific output, opposing this independence. No one doubts the fact that mixed contracts do not manifest full constructive novelty, which constitutes a distinctive feature of innominate contracts. Mixed contracts are more or less a coherent blend of the previously appearing contract elements. The point is this blend should be so coherent (as opposed to nexus of contracts) that it could justify the existence of a separate, independent contract. For a contract to be considered innominate its provisions must contain new original elements which do not appear in any type of nominate contracts. However, what is conditional of considering a contract to be a mixed contract is a combination of content elements of nominate and innominate contracts. These issues were discussed in detail in this dissertation. Apart from that, mixed contracts constitute only a part of the whole system of untypical contracts. Attributing one name of innominate contracts to the whole system of untypical contracts does not bring us any nearer to the development of methods of determining their legal regime. The issue raised in the dissertation aims at outlining the extensive theoretical output connected with this category of contracts as well as indicating how it can be used when classifying such contracts and when the parties have not given the contract suitable features which will allow to classify it as a nominate contract of a certain type and when and on the basis of which features, one can classify it as either mixed or innominate contract with different consequences of that.

Prinzipien der botanischen Nomenklatur in der Renaissance

The aim of this paper is to bring to light the pattern underlying botanical nomenclature in the Renaissance. The analysis shows that this nomenclature was conceived within the framework of the Renaissance episteme, i.e. within a logical and religious framework and that it is characterized by a threefold purpose: the appellations must give an essential definition of plants, reflect the classification of the botanists, and be easy to remember , that is, they must be short. Consequently, the nomenclature is structured by various principles: philosophical (logical division), linguistic (anaphora, polysemy) and cognitive (typicality). Finally, the analysis leads to a definition of the concept of ‘nomenclature’ in the Renaissance.

AMIN AL-KHULI: RÂID TAJDÎD AL-BALÂGHAH FÎ AL-ASHR AL-HADÎTS

This research aims to uncover the names of thinkers who encourage the renewal of Balaghah (Arabic Islamic Rethoric), as well as to find the pioneer of the renewal of Balaghah in modern era. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The author takes data from Munir Muhammad Kholil Nida's dissertation (1980), and other references related to the title of the discussion. Among the results of this study, it is known that Munir mentioned important names who are considered the pioneers of Balaghah reform in modern times, including: Ahmad Badawi, Mustafa Amin and Ali Jarim, Abdul Aziz Basyari, Anis Al-Maqdisi, Ali Al-Umari, Abdu Ar-Razaq Muhyiddin, Amin Al-Khuli, and Ahmad As-Syaib. And the most important pioneers of reform among them were Amin Al-Khuli and Ahmad As-Syaib. Because both of them made a special book on the principles of their renewal ideas. And Amin Al-Khuli is considered superior to Ahmad As-Syaib with a logical division of titles, and the ability to provide satisfactory explanations in the selection of titles in the new Balaghah concept.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ І КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ

Зі збільшенням доступності Інтернету і стрімкого розвитку засобів комунікації, потреби в доступності до інформаційно-телекомунікаційних ресурсів, незалежно від місця їх надходження, постійно зростають. Одними з осередків таких ресурсів є заклади вищої освіти (ЗВО). Сучасні ЗВО і їх корпоративні мережі – це багаторівневе ієрархічне середовище, у якому стикаються інтереси і дані різних груп користувачів: студентів, науково-педагогічних працівників, адміністрації тощо. Оскільки периметр класичної корпоративної інформаційної мережі ЗВО продовжує розвиватися, саме застосування смартфонів, планшетів та інших кінцевих пристроїв з вебдодатками або спеціалізованими АРМ-ами сприяє невідворотній зміні освітнього процесу. Це, своєю чергою, надає користувачам можливість отримувати доступ до навчальних сервісів ЗВО знаходячись як в освітньому закладі, так і поза його межами. Разом з тим при впровадженні концепції доступу до інформації виникає цілий ряд завдань, які необхідно вирішити в процесі забезпечення інформаційної та кібербезпеки ЗВО, а саме: забезпечити: запобігання несанкціонованого доступу до приміщень ЗВО та його локальної мережі; виконання вимог і рекомендацій існуючих політик інформаційної та кібербезпеки; контроль підключених до корпоративної мережі пристроїв на предмет відповідності діючим політикам; логічний поділ корпоративної мережі на зони безпеки без зміни існуючої інфраструктури тощо. Крім захисту інформації обмеженого доступу, необхідно також забезпечити безпеку інформаційних систем ЗВО, зокрема, наприклад, такої системи, як «Електронний Університет». Випадкове або цілеспрямоване виведення цих систем з ладу може зупинити процес навчання і порушити договірні умови між навчальним закладом та студентом (у разі оплати освітніх послуг), нанести матеріальний, моральний та інший збиток громаді навчального закладу та ЗВО в цілому внаслідок проєктно-технологічної та/або інформаційної діяльності. Саме тому питання забезпечення інформаційної і кібербезпеки ЗВО нині є надзвичайно актуальним.

Political Optimizer: A novel socio-inspired meta-heuristic for global optimization

This paper proposes a novel global optimization algorithm called Political Optimizer (PO), inspired by the multi-phased process of politics. PO is the mathematical mapping of all the major phases of politics such as constituency allocation, party switching, election campaign, inter-party election, and parliamentary affairs. The proposed algorithm assigns each solution a dual role by logically dividing the population into political parties and constituencies, which facilitates each candidate to update its position with respect to the party leader and the constituency winner. Moreover, a novel position updating strategy called recent past-based position updating strategy (RPPUS) is introduced, which is the mathematical modeling of the learning behaviors of the politicians from the previous election. The proposed algorithm is benchmarked with 50 unimodal, multimodal, and fixed dimensional functions against 15 state of the art algorithms. We show through experiments that PO has an excellent convergence speed with good exploration capability in early iterations. Root cause of such behavior of PO is incorporation of RPPUS and logical division of the population to assign dual role to each candidate solution. Using Wilcoxon rank-sum test, PO demonstrates statistically significant performance over the other algorithms. The results show that PO outperforms all other algorithms, and consistency in performance on such a comprehensive suite of benchmark functions proves the versatility of the algorithm. Furthermore, experiments demonstrate that PO is invariant to function shifting and performs consistently in very high dimensional search spaces. Finally, the applicability on real-world applications is demonstrated by efficiently solving four engineering optimization problems.