Division Of Duties Research Articles

MANAJEMEN PENGORGANISASIAN PROGRAM KURSUS BAHASA ARAB DI PARE KEDIRI

This study discusses about: 1) organizing management in Arabic course Al-Azhar Pare, 2) problems in organizing management in Arabic course institute Al-Azhar Pare. This was a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected by interviews and documentation. Then the data were analyzed in three steps, 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, 3) drawing conclusions / verification. The results of this research showed that the organizing management Arabic language course Al-Azhar Pare was still weak because of some obstacles such as the absence of clear organizational structure. Managers only gave the verbal division of duties to each member and did not create a chart of organizational structure for members so as to make the position between subordinates and bosses are invisible. Participants who had been granted certain rights were not given a clear number of members to assist in carrying out their duties. Thus, the organizing system is less organized.

Проблемні аспекти застосування мита в Україні

The article analyzes different approaches to the scientific definition “duty” like concept, as well as the author's definition of the term “duty”. It is determined that customs are characterized as general signs of customs payments, as well as special features distinguishing the duty among other mandatory payments. It was found that duty - a multifunctional phenomenon. Functions of “duty” are characterized and it is established that the duty always performs a protective function. The reasons for the classification of different types of duties were determined and the division of duties for types for certain reasons was made. It is proposed to allocate certain types of preliminary and final compensatory and anti-dumping duties based on the time of application of compensatory and anti-dumping duties. The types of import duty rates applied in Ukraine are described. It is clear that the procedure for applying the combined import duty rates is currently uncertain. It is established that Ukraine has undertaken to abolish import duties on most goods from the European Union. The role of export duty is analyzed. It is established that the export duty is primarily protective, and its cancellation can lead to negative consequences for the national economy, such as the deficit of natural resources that are subject to export duty and which are an important raw material, as well as a reduction in revenues to The State Budget of Ukraine. The article also highlights the specific features of the seasonal duty. The legislative procedure for the introduction of the seasonal duty, as well as cases of seasonal duty application in Ukraine, are analyzed. During the study of the regulatory framework, a number of deficiencies and gaps in national legislation, which regulates the procedure for the introduction of seasonal duties, have been identified. It is established that introduction of seasonal import duties in Ukraine under the current legislation is impossible. Possible ways of solving these problems are suggested. In particular, it is necessary to establish legislatively a reduced preferential rate as a condition for the application of the seasonal duty, as well as to amend the list of codes of goods for which seasonal duties may be established, since it contains references to such codes according to the Ukrainian Foreign Trade Act, which are missed in the Law of Ukraine “Customs tariff of Ukraine”.

THE DIVISION OF COMPETENCE IN THE AREAS OF STATE SECURITY AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS WITHIN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH IN LIGHT OF THE 1997 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND

Pursuant to Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, executive power is vested in the President of the Republic of Poland and the Council of Ministers. Implemented in Poland, the dualism of the executive branch creates a problem with the division of duties and competence between the cabinet and the head of state. This paper analyses the division of powers within the executive branch in the areas of state security and foreign policy. The analysis of the constitutional provisions and the political practice indicates that the model of cooperation between the President and the cabinet as adopted in the Constitution of 1997 is ineffective and leads to political conflicts. In view of the Polish political conditions, it is advisable to amend the Constitution in order to move away from the mixed model towards either the presidential model or the parliamentary-cabinet model of the executive branch of government.

Konflikt pomiędzy pracą zawodową a obowiązkami rodzinnymi w Polsce

The aim of the paper is to present determinants of work-family conflict for working men and women in Poland. Two types of such conflict were studied – from work to family and from family to work. Due to the fact that mostly parents are exposed for those types of conflict, the analysis is restricted to men and women with children up to 14 years old. The analysis is conducted separately for men and women since differences in division of duties in families may result in differences in determinants of work-family conflict. We are interested in the influence of workplace and family characteristics on both types of conflict. The model analysis is based on data from the second wave of the Gender and Generations Survey for Poland. We conclude that in Poland both types of conflict exist, but the intensity of work-family conflict is bigger than family-work conflict. In case of each type of conflict, its intensity is similar for men and women, but the determinants of those types of conflict vary across gender.

The Violence of Peace: Seeking Political Futures from Ugandaas Northern War

The guns have fallen silent, and peace has returned to northern Uganda after two decades of brutal war against the LRA. The Acholi population has left the squalid camps where they were interned for years and returned to their land, and the long process of reconstruction and reconciliation has begun. Or so the official narrative proclaims—just as it had proclaimed the war to be a black-and-white struggle waged by the Ugandan government with their Western partners, seeking to rescue the civilian population from the terrorist LRA. Today, instead of humanitarianism, peace is the sign under which policies are legitimated and interventions occur, from reconciliation, development, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and reparations, to statebuilding, peacebuilding, protection, and transitional justice. They are being carried out by the Ugandan state, foreign states, and international bodies: whereas during the war there was a clear division of duties between the national and the international—the state focused on violence, while aid agencies provided rudimentary welfare and administration— now there is a significant convergence of national and international around common policies and interventions. However, given the divorce of the war-time narrative from actual events in the north, it is perhaps not surprising that today’s peace is rife with violence. Fighter jets roar overhead almost every day. The political protests in the wake of last year’s elections were met with extreme force, as they were in other urban areas of Uganda. Strange diseases erupt among the rural population, for whom the state has disavowed almost all responsibility, as it had during the war. Land, the only thing left to most people, is being lost through often violent dispossession. Paramilitaries occupy rural schools, game wardens have killed farmers, and the military is staking out land for its own use. The main town in the region, Gulu, is seeing rapid urbanization into slums, increasing poverty, inequality, and crime. The UPDF is spread throughout the region in the name of hunting the remnants of the LRA. US military contractors fly reconnaissance missions, drones buzz overhead, and US marines operate openly in Kitgum. Rumors circulate of new rebel groups and there is widespread talk of another war. How do we make sense of the fact that today’s peace is shot through with violence? That is the puzzle I start with. My approach will be to argue that this peace-time violence is not to be seen as a remnant of the war or as a product of social breakdown caused by the war, which can be solved with the consolidation of peace and more extensive peacebuilding. Instead, I argue that violence is a central element in the re-constitution of structures and relations of power in northern Uganda, a re-constitution that is occurring in the name of peace. Thus, violence and peace are not antithetical: the violence of peace is not residual, destructive, and non-political, but rather is productive political violence, pointing towards a specific future.

EVALUATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL FINANCING MUDHARABAH (CASE STUDY ON BPRS DANA AMANAH SURAKARTA)

Financing in Islamic banks is one of the backbone of banking activities, because that's where the industry can survive and thrive. A company or institution that has run well should monitor the activities and results. Internal controls can be monitored either by means of a special assessment or aligned with business management. Internal control is required by bank management, because with a good internal control weaknesses will be able to protect people and reduce the likelihood of errors and discrepancies that might occur. This research is a field research conducted in BPRS Dana Amanah in Surakarta. This research method is descriptive qualitative research. This study aims to determine how the internal control procedures of financing and how the application of internal control of financing. The type of data collected in the form of qualitative data and consist of primary data and secondary data. Data collection methods such as interviews, observation, and documentation with qualitative data analysis. Control of BPRS Dana Amanah is reflected in the analysis of financing, Divison of duties, Dual Control, Joint / Dual Custody, Number Control and Balancing Independence. The conclusion of this study is the procedure of financing on the BPRS Trust Fund in accordance with the theory that the financing of the request until the disbursement of funds has no control by each officer. Internal control procedures of BPRS Dana Amanah for financing analysis was consistent with the theory, division of duties is not appropriate because there are geminating duties and functions. Dual control, joint / dual custody, number control, and independence balancing BPRS Dana Amanah have been applied and in accordance with the theory.Key words: Sharia Bank, Mudharabah, Internal Control.

EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM GENERASI BERENCANA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

This research aims to find out the effectiveness of the implementation of the Generasi Berencana program in Yogyakarta City along with the supporting and inhibiting factors. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive method. The results showed that the implementation of Generasi Berencana program in Yogyakarta City had not been effective, as seen from five indicators: (1) The policy had not been effective in overcoming teenagers problem, (2) Implementers had quite effective seen from the division of duties and authority, (3) The target had not been effective yet because the intervention target had not ready to support the Genre Program, (4) The policy environment had effective but the external environment had not been effective, and (5) The process had not been effective because teenagers and families with teenagers had not understood the substance of the GenRe Program. The supporting factors were the easiness of communication and counseling training. While the inhibiting factors were low public participation, moral deviation, and time limitations of each individual.Keywords: Effectiveness, GenRe Program, dan Teenagers

The Effectiveness of The Posyandu and Its Relation to Leadership and Management

Data on infant mortality in the city of Bogor has increased from 26 to be 62 cases in 2013. Posyandu is one of the facility in a society that runs the health program where one goal is carrying out activities to accelerate the decline in the death rate of mothers and babies. The problems at posyandu in Bogor is the number of active cadres continue to decline while cadre recruitment insufficient, and less active of the function of The National Working team of posyandu. The report of newborn deaths by 2013 and 2014 stated that more than half (55 and 52.7 percent) posyandu where there were cases of infant death were posyandu at first and medium development level. This research would like to see how the effectiveness of the leadership factor (communication, competence), management functions (planning, organizing, implementing and controlling), work environment (system support, availability, the availability of means of support and incentives) as well as the characteristics of respondents (posyandu classification, age, number of years served and the work) to mass based activities (UKBM) in Posyandu. We used a cross sectional design. About 70 posyandu chairman cadres as the respondents. This research resulted in the most decisive factor, namely the competence of the chairman of cadres. Knowledge and competence of cadres is already good and should continue to be maintained. The Division of duties and authorities which are clearly made in the region of posyandu organization Bogor City is already good (average rating scale 6.19). The strength of leadership and good management at the operational level of posyandu makes posyandu is more effective in achieving the objectives. There is a relationship between variables, functions, management leadership, the working environment and the characteristics of the respondents against the effectiveness of the posyandu. Data on infant mortality in the city of Bogor has increased from 26 to be 62 cases in 2013. Posyandu is one of the facility in a society that runs the health program where one goal is carrying out activities to accelerate the decline in the death rate of mothers and babies. The problems at posyandu in Bogor is the number of active cadres continue to decline while cadre recruitment insufficient, and less active of the function of The National Working team of posyandu. The report of newborn deaths by 2013 and 2014 stated that more than half (55 and 52.7 percent) posyandu where there were cases of infant death were posyandu at first and medium development level. This research would like to see how the effectiveness of the leadership factor (communication, competence), management functions (planning, organizing, implementing and controlling), work environment (system support, availability, the availability of means of support and incentives) as well as the characteristics of respondents (posyandu classification, age, number of years served and the work) to mass based activities (UKBM) in Posyandu. We used a cross sectional design. About 70 posyandu chairman cadres as the respondents. This research resulted in the most decisive factor, namely the competence of the chairman of cadres. Knowledge and competence of cadres is already good and should continue to be maintained. The Division of duties and authorities which are clearly made in the region of posyandu organization Bogor City is already good (average rating scale 6.19). The strength of leadership and good management at the operational level of posyandu makes posyandu is more effective in achieving the objectives. There is a relationship between variables, functions, management leadership, the working environment and the characteristics of the respondents against the effectiveness of the posyandu.

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Germs and Public Health in Dublin, 1862–1882

Studies of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia influenced the formation of ideas about disease transmission in Dublin between 1862 and 1882. Public health officials used their experience with pleuropneumonia to try to understand the media by which diseases might pass between bodies. The story of pleuropneumonia in Dublin shows how practical experience in meat inspection shaped medical ideas. The slaughterhouse served not only as an important arena of public health action but also as a site of knowledge formation. However, attempts to use ideas about pleuropneumonia to push for changes to public health practices fell short of expectations. A number of obstacles slowed change including special interest groups, poor finances, scientific confusion, and the division of duties between civic bodies and Poor Law Unions.

The Effectiveness of The Posyandu and Its Relation to Leadership and Management

Abstract. Data on infant mortality in the city of Bogor has increased from 26 to be 62 cases in 2013. Posyandu is one of the facility in a society that runs the health program where one goal is carrying out activities to accelerate the decline in the death rate of mothers and babies. The problems at posyandu in Bogor is the number of active cadres continue to decline while cadre recruitment insufficient, and less active of the function of The National Working team of posyandu. The report of newborn deaths by 2013 and 2014 stated that more than half (55 and 52.7 percent) posyandu where there were cases of infant death were posyandu at first and medium development level. This research would like to see how the effectiveness of the leadership factor (communication, competence), management functions (planning, organizing, implementing and controlling), work environment (system support, availability, the availability of means of support and incentives) as well as the characteristics of respondents (posyandu classification, age, number of years served and the work) to mass based activities (UKBM) in Posyandu. We used a cross sectional design. About 70 posyandu chairman cadres as the respondents. This research resulted in the most decisive factor, namely the competence of the chairman of cadres. Knowledge and competence of cadres is already good and should continue to be maintained. The Division of duties and authorities which are clearly made in the region of posyandu organization Bogor City is already good (average rating scale 6.19). The strength of leadership and good management at the operational level of posyandu makes posyandu is more effective in achieving the objectives. There is a relationship between variables, functions, management leadership, the working environment and the characteristics of the respondents against the effectiveness of the posyandu.Keywords: effectiveness of Posyandu, leadership, management functions and the work environment

Social work with families at social risk promoting gender equality

The article is based on the research whose aim is to find out the attitudes of social workers toward gender equality. The qualitative research was carried out in 2014 in order to find out social workers' attitudes to gender equality in families and families at social risk, as well as obstacles and possibilities for implementation of gender equality in families at social risk. Eight social workers working with families at social risk were interviewed using semi-structured interview and content analysis for research data analysis. The research data reveals that gender equality in the family can be reached by mutual agreement, when the division of duties and responsibilities is in accordance with needs and abilities of family members. Good family relations are emphasized as a prerequisite for gender equality. Families at social risk with unbalanced social functioning and relationships are affected by stereotyped thinking about gender roles. As informants point out, this makes gender equality impossible in families at social risk. Social workers reveal that they do not directly relate the gender dimension with social work practice, and as a result it becomes problematic to promote gender equality in families at social risk. The main obstacles for implementation of gender equality are clients' resistance to change, too much responsibilities put on women-mother by social workers and other institutions that deal with social risk families, lack of information on gender equality and tools for promoting gender equality in the family. However, the informants provide solutions for promotion of gender equality in micro, mezzo and macro practice that correspond to the guidelines presented in the documents and strategies on gender equality at national and EU level.

Penerapan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penjualan Dalam Menunjang Efektifitas Pengendalian Intern Penjualan

The purpose of this research is to analyse the application of accounting information system sales in supporting the efectiveness of intemal control on sales. The results show that PT Indomilk already applies a proper system to ensure an efective intemal control on sales. This is evident from a computerized accounting system and the Division of duties already used by the company. All employees to be able to run properly in accordance with their functions. With an increasingly efective safeguards, the vision and mission of the company can be reached and the company can continue operations running smoothly.
 Keywords: accounting information systems sales, the efectiveness of internal control, internal control of sales

Stosunki pracy w wielkopolskich majątkach ziemskich w okresie międzywojennym

In the period between the two world wars large landowners in the Wielkopolska region employed the largest number of hired labourers in the area. The main subject of this article is the professional and personal relations between land estate owners and the two main groups of hired workers (the economic administration staff and the farm workers). The labour relations in Wielkopolska’s land estates were based on a strictly observed hierarchy and division of duties. In interpersonal relations we may notice some patriarchal and technocratic elements. In the case of the former, they were mainly inspired by the landowners (or, in a wider sense, by the residents of the manor house), while the technocratic elements were contributed mainly by the administration staff. The labour relations on land estates were slowly evolving under the influence of legal regulations and were additionally shaped by the economic and cultural developments. The impact of this process on the actual organization of labour was rather limited. It was much more evident in the change of relations between people, which evolved mainly under the influence of the process of change in the consciousness of agricultural workers to replace traditional relations, based on patriarchal ones and manoralism or serfdom-based relations, into professional and contract-based labour relations. However, the trends to modernise the land estates during the 1920s, both in the sphere of technology and social relations, became impeded by the impact of the economic crisis of the 1930s which led again to further consolidation of the patriarchal employer-employee model of relations.

Social Management in China in the 21st Century: Trouble and Breakthrough Based on the Different Management Subject

In China, there is a social management mode plight because of asymmetric information status which is based on the opposition concept between the government and society, and the public in the rapid development and changing era. In order to solve the problem of social management, it is necessary to make the government and non-governmental organizations scientific division of duties, solve NGO legitimacy issues, reform the way of the fund-raising, clear legislative mode, as well as strengthen the various non-governmental organizations to participate in social management and other ways to make the non-governmental organizations truly assume the responsibility of social management.

Differentiating clinical governance, clinical management and clinical practice

PurposeThis paper seeks to review prior definitions of the umbrella term “clinical governance”. The research question is: do clinical governance definitions adequately distinguish between governance, management and practice functions? Three definitions are introduced to replace that umbrella term.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis is applied to analyse 29 definitions of clinical governance from the perspective of the roles and responsibilities of those charged with governance, management and practice.FindingsThe analysis indicates that definitions of the umbrella term “clinical governance” comprise a mixture of activities relating to governance, management and practice which is confusing for those expected to execute those roles.Practical implicationsConsistent with concepts from corporate governance, the paper distinguishes between governance, management and practice. For effective governance, it is important that there be division of duties between governance roles and management and practice roles. These distinctions will help to clarify roles and responsibilities in the execution of clinical activities.Originality/valueDrawing on insights from corporate governance, in particular, the importance of a division of functions between governance roles, and management and practice roles, the paper proposes three new definitions to replace the umbrella term “clinical governance”.

Expression of the minor isoform pea ferredoxin in tobacco alters photosynthetic electron partitioning and enhances cyclic electron flow.

Ferredoxins (Fds) are ferrosulfoproteins that function as low-potential electron carriers in plants. The Fd family is composed of several isoforms that share high sequence homology but differ in functional characteristics. In leaves, at least two isoforms conduct linear and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport around photosystem I, and mounting evidence suggests the existence of at least partial division of duties between these isoforms. To evaluate the contribution of different kinds of Fds to the control of electron fluxes along the photosynthetic electron transport chain, we overexpressed a minor pea (Pisum sativum) Fd isoform (PsFd1) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. The transplastomic OeFd1 plants exhibited variegated leaves and retarded growth and developmental rates. Photosynthetic studies of these plants indicated a reduction in carbon dioxide assimilation rates, photosystem II photochemistry, and linear electron flow. However, the plants showed an increase in nonphotochemical quenching, better control of excitation pressure at photosystem II, and no evidence of photoinhibition, implying a better dynamic regulation to remove excess energy from the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Finally, analysis of P700 redox status during illumination confirmed that the minor pea Fd isoform promotes enhanced cyclic flow around photosystem I. The two novel features of this work are: (1) that Fd levels achieved in transplastomic plants promote an alternative electron partitioning even under greenhouse light growth conditions, a situation that is exacerbated at higher light intensity measurements; and (2) that an alternative, minor Fd isoform has been overexpressed in plants, giving new evidence of labor division among Fd isoforms.

A Proposed Architecture for Autonomous Mobile Agent Intrusion Prevention and Malware Defense in Heterogeneous Networks

This paper proposes an architecture that can support autonomous mobile agents performing intrusion prevention activities on a heterogeneous network. The division of duties performed by the agents in the system ensures the agents are able to remain distributed throughout the network architecture to eliminate single points of failure. The distributed nature of the architecture reduces the workload on network clients and eliminates duplication of effort wherever possible. The use of virtual machine interfaces between the hardware and the network connection isolates the hardware interface in order to maintain trust and integrity of the connection and reduce the potential for an attacker using a trusted resource to damage network assets. Virtual machine connections allow a potential malware infection that invades the network environment to be safely observed for unusual behavior patterns using heuristic analysis to provide new evidentiary indicators that can be used to identify the malware during future outbreaks.

Norma moral y cambio social : la aproximación de los filósofos.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the way in which three moral philosophers - Aquinas, Hume, Kant - have approached the relationship between moral norm and social change. To this aim, I take as a point of reference the institutionalization of the moral norm in the traditional division of duties; this approach reveals itself as a promising path, to explore the way in which modern social theory has recognized the effect of social change on the strength with which the moral bond presents itself in consciences.

MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN KELUARGA

The housewife generally represents as a menager in managing family finance. There are several key concepts of family finance management which is important to know in order to manage the family finance professionally. They are balance and loss/profit and also the management of cashflow. With the existence of a good understanding about family financial report, supported by good planning, division of duty with couple and effort of interrogating the extra of expenditure, hence the domestic can through the family finance problem with the correct solution. The most important thing is openness each other and also experiences the family life responsibility with.

Development of Business Impact Analysis MethodUsing Division of Duties in a Self-governing Body

Development of Business Impact Analysis MethodUsing Division of Duties in a Self-governing Body