Distribution Of Oil Products Research Articles

Role of System Resilience in Dealing with Threats Using an Entropy-Based TOPSIS Approach: A Case Study in an Oil Products Distribution Company

Objectives: The current study aimed at assessing the ability of system resilience against threats using an integrated method based on entropy and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) in an oil company. Methods: The threats were identified through field observation, literature review, and expert opinion in the industry. Afterward, the required data were gathered, and the resilience status was examined using three structured questionnaires for each category of the threats. The weights of resilience criteria computed for each group of the threats using entropy, and were then ranked through the TOPSIS method. Results: Learning (0.34) and anticipating (0.15) had the highest and lowest impacts on the category of regular threats, respectively. In the case of irregular threats, anticipating (0.31) and monitoring (0.21) had the highest and lowest impacts, respectively. As for unexampled threats, learning and Anticipating (0.26) had the highest impact, and responding (0.23) had the lowest impact. The results of TOPSIS analysis indicated that regular threats, irregular threats, and unexampled threats were ranked in the first, second, and third positions with scores of 0.52, 0.48, and 0.46, respectively. Conclusions: To ameliorate resilience in complicated systems, managers should strengthen RE-related indicators along with working on the indicators which are in poor condition. The findings of this study can be used by managers and decision-makers to identify system weaknesses and improve comprehensive technical and applied plans.

The Impact of Psychological Capital on Employee Performance: A Survey Study

The aim of the research was to measure the essential impact of psychological capital with its combined dimensions (confidence, optimism, flexibility, hope) in improving the performance of employees in the Oil Products Distribution Company, Karbala branch. An electronic questionnaire was designed to collect data consisting of (36) paragraphs for a random sample, and the respondents (82) employees, and to analyse for SPSS V.23 program. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is the presence of a positive moral impact of psychological capital with its combined dimensions in improving the performance of employees in the Oil Products Distribution Company at a significance of 0.05, there is a significant moral impact of the independent variable dimension (hope) on the performance of employees. In light of the results reached by the study, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: Providing training opportunities and workshops that enable employees to learn new skills and develop their capabilities, providing information about the organization's goals and current developments in a transparent manner, encouraging employees to present new ideas and try innovative solutions in a way that enhances their sense of hope.

Emergency Capability Evaluation of Port-Adjacent Oil Storage and Transportation Bases: An Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

The large-scale storage and stable supply of oil products are essential for national energy security and economic development. As the economy expands and energy demands rise, centralized storage and supply systems become increasingly vital for ensuring the efficiency and reliability of oil product distribution. However, large oil storage depots present substantial safety risks. In the event of fires, explosions, or other accidents, emergency response efforts face stringent demands and challenges. To enhance the emergency response capabilities of oil storage and transportation bases (OSTBs), this paper proposes an innovative approach that integrates the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) with the Entropy Weight Method (EMW) to determine the combined weights of various indices. This approach reduces the subjective bias associated with the traditional analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The emergency response capabilities of OSTBs are subsequently evaluated through fuzzy comprehensive analysis. An empirical study conducted on an OSTB in the Zhoushan archipelago quantitatively assesses its emergency preparedness. The results show that the base excels in pre-incident prevention, demonstrates robust preparedness and response capabilities, and exhibits moderate recovery abilities after incidents. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for reducing the likelihood of accidents, enhancing emergency response efficiency, and mitigating the severity of consequences. Practical recommendations are also offered based on the results.

Hydrogen-donating behavior and hydrogen-shuttling mechanism of liquefaction solvents under Fe- and Ni-based catalysts

The H-donating solvent plays a crucial role in both oil yield and products distribution during direct coal liquefaction. Meanwhile, liquefaction catalyst significantly influences the H-donating behavior of the solvent and the pathways of hydrogen transfer. In view of insufficient understanding on the impact of catalysts on H-donating behavior of solvent and hydrogen transfer pathways in direct liquefaction, in this study, non-H-donating solvents including naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene and pyrene (Py) and H-donating solvents including tetralin (THN) and 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) were chosen as the solvents. The Shenhua nano-sized Fe-based and the prepared Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were used to investigate their effect on H-donating behavior of the solvent and H-shuttling mechanism. Results show that liquefaction solvent obviously affects coal conversion and products distribution no matter Fe-based or Ni-based catalyst was used. When non-H-donating solvent is used as liquefaction solvent, coal conversion is lower than that with THN or DHA as solvent. The addition of Py to THN as solvent improves the utilization of effective hydrogen in non-catalytic liquefaction, which is ascribed to hydrogen transfer effect of Py; however, hydrogen transfer mainly occurs through direct combination of gaseous H2 with radicals generated from coal pyrolysis in presence of Fe-based catalyst, with minimal shuttle action of solvent hydrogen. On the contrary, the Ni-based catalyst aids in enhancing the hydrogen shuttle effect of the solvent, and the hydrogen transfer path primarily involves H2 to solvent and then to coal, which is ascribed to good hydrogenation ability of Ni-based catalyst. Under the action of Fe-based catalyst, DHA as liquefaction solvent exhibits lower H-donating capability compared to THN, and approximately 65% of total hydrogen consumption is effectively utilized for coal liquefaction, along with about 35% of total hydrogen consumption for the hydrogenation, ring opening, and side-chain scission reactions of DHA. However, about 96% of total hydrogen consumption is effectively utilized for coal liquefaction when THN used as solvent, indicating that THN as liquefication solvent is more conducive to the transfer of gaseous hydrogen to free radical fragments from coal pyrolysis compared to DHA.

Thickness and Mitre Bend Calculations for Pipe : A Case Study

In various industries, such as oil and gas production, chemical processing, and water distribution, pipeline integrity and safety are of utmost importance. It is essential to ensure that pipes are thick enough to withstand internal pressures, external loads, as well as environmental conditions. The paper aims to enhance the practical skills and knowledge in computer-aided design while contributing to real-world projects within the field of engineering. We have used AutoCAD, a widely used software in the industry, to serve as the primary tool for creating precise and detailed technical drawings. Initially, thickness is calculated based on internal gauge pressure and then it is verified by different methods for different conditions. The ambient conditions play a major role in determining the pipe thickness. In this paper, we are going to discuss and get an overall observation on thickness calculation for a pipe using internal gauge pressure and also discuss the steps to perform necessary calculations to get our desired outcome. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of pipe thickness calculations is presented to provide engineers and practitioners with a robust methodology for determining the thickness of pipes accurately.

The Role of Performance Evaluation in Reducing Oil Losses: Field Research in the Two Companies of the Middle Refineries and Oil Products Distribution Company

The idea of the research came in conducting a field research for the companies of the oil sector, including the Oil Products Distribution Company and the Middle Refineries Company, given the importance of this organization primarily in refining crude oil and distributing oil derivatives through supply outlets. And the delivery of these products to the citizen and meet the economic needs of the country in general, where the research can focus on two types of oil losses: the first: either within the permissible natural proportions and in accordance with international standards. The second: It is outside those permissible percentages, and is considered a real loss, either for technical or administrative reasons, or due to the poor performance of the companies concerned, which requires a real pause to preserve natural resources, and it is a right. future generations. We are interested in finding weaknesses in activities by evaluating performance in the oil industry.

Raw hydrocarbons base of the republic of Uzbekistan - growth and production structure

The article considers the existing, actual raw material base of hydrocarbon raw materials of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Brief information is given on the number of discovered oil and gas fields, their distribution in the oil and gas regions of the republic, according to the degree of development, the type of fluids and the size of the reserves. Share participation of initial total resources in the context of oil and gas bearing regions is shown. Information is presented on the results of exploration work of two time periods - before 1991 and from 1991 to the present, where the growth rates of reserves of industrial categories for the first and second stages and the distribution of cumulative oil and gas production are considered. From the above data, it can be seen that the main increase in hydrocarbon reserves in the Republic of Uzbekistan was due to the discovery of unique and large fields in terms of hydrocarbon reserves. Based on the results of the analysis of the actual material, a con-clusion was made, indicating the high potential of the subsoil of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the feasibility of conducting exploration work in the long term, given the presence of significant forecast hydrocarbon resources. Keywords: field; oil; gas; hydrocarbons; reserves; oil and gas potential; initial total resources.

Studies of oil product pollution in the aeration zone by mathematical modelling

Formulation of the problem. The article presents the results of a study to assess the pollution of the aeration zone due to the leakage of oil products as a result of the destruction of the «Amik» oil depot during the military operations in the town of Borodyanka. The destruction of the tanks resulted in an immediate leakage of light oil products onto the soil of the surrounding area. The result was a technogenic environmental situation that required immediate determination of the mechanisms of accidental penetration of pollutants into the soil and groundwater, determination of the area of contamination and scientifically sound methods of soil remediation of oil products. The article highlights the issues of organising mathematical modeling of various data for solving applied problems using Google Earth data. Materials and methods. In order to assess the contamination area and determine the mechanism of accidental penetration of oil products into the soil and groundwater, the existing models of pollutant penetration in case of accidental oil spill were analysed and mathematical spatial models of geomorphological, hydrogeological, engineering-geological and experimental filtration data were created using interpolation, mathematical approximation and gradient analysis. The latter made it possible to identify the directions of surface and groundwater flow both in the local area of the oil depot and in adjacent areas. Using the investigation and filtration parameters obtained during the field work, hydraulic gradients and soil filtration coefficients were calculated, and a spatial mathematical model of the local subterranean gradient of groundwater flow was created. Results. It was shown that the direction of the underground flow is controlled by a zone of local depression, which is expressed by a decrease in the absolute height of the natural lithological layer with a height difference of about 0.4 m or the maximum values of the height of the contamination lens. The direction of extension of this zone has been determined to be from north to south. This zone can be considered the zone of maximum accumulation of liquid with oil products. Based on the survey results, the thickness of the contamination lens was calculated to be 0.3 m on average. Using this indicator, the area of contamination is 4169 m2, the volume of contamination is 1250.7 m3, which corresponds to the claimed damage. However, taking into account the anisotropy of the filtration properties of the lithological types in different directions within the aeration zone, the presence of dissolved water due to dispersion and the presence of local accumulation depressions in the lithological strata, options with other indicators (0.5 m / 0.1 m) are also acceptable. The calculation of the contamination areas was carried out taking into account the power variations. The approximate total areas of oil product distribution in the aeration zone were plotted with reference to Google Earth imagery. Conclusions. The research enabled practical recommendations to be made for cleaning up the area of oil products and preventing the spread of the pollutant by pumping oil products out of the modelled and actually confirmed pollution lens. In accordance with the recommendations, 140 wells were drilled to a depth of 5.2 m, with a diameter of 0.11‑0.168 m and a total length of 710 m, which made it possible to prevent the spread of the contaminant by pumping out the oil products and reusing them after clean-up.

Accident prediction modeling by artificial neural network in petroleum industry: a case study of National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company

This study aims to predict the number of accidents in the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company (NIOPDC) as a case study in 2022 according to the database between 2012 and 2021. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used for modeling using curve fitting (Multi-Layer Perceptron-MLP) and time series (Nonlinear AutoRegressive exogenous -NARX) networks. The network parameters are adjusted by optimal architecture values to create a successful model with coefficient determination (R 2) and Mean Square Error (MSE) performance criteria. Also, mathematical methods of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Average Invalidity Percentages (AIP), Average Validity Percentages (AVP), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are checked out to evaluate the proposed model’s robustness. The results show acceptable R 2 values of 0.98 and 0.99 for MLP and NARX networks, respectively, demonstrating that NARX has more prediction accuracy than the MLP network. By the best model (NARX) results, falls, CNG, and LPG facility accidents will be half. Nevertheless, the aviation center and loading rack accidents will rise 3 and 1.5 times, respectively. The findings will be helpful in systematic accident prevention for decision-making authorities which have been done in the Iranian petroleum industry for the first time.

FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE AND NATURE OF POLLUTION OF THE UPPER PART OF THE SECTION OF OIL STORAGE FACILITIES IN THE VOLGA RIVER VALLEY

Link for citation: Mingaleva T.A., Shakuro S.V., Egorov A.S. Features of the structure and nature of pollution of the upper part of the section of oil storage facilities in the Volga River valley. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 137-147. In Rus. The relevance of the study is caused by the fact that soil pollution with oil products has a complex dynamic character in the spatio-temporal region. Therefore, the physical properties of soils in solving geophysical problems of contouring and determining the thickness of pollution can change under the influence of various factors, expanding the range of search signs of pollution. Determination of physical parameters for areas of oil pollution, similar in nature of development and geological conditions, can help in the future for the effective parameterization of hydrocarbons in soils. The main aim is to build a generalized model with physical properties (electrical resistivity, сompressional and shear-wave velocities) for the soils of long-term oil depot territories. Methods: analysis of literary sources on the research topic; processing and interpretation of field geophysical material for tank farms located on the banks of the Volga River; building a generalized model with a description of the physical characteristics of soils based on the results of geophysics for the soils of tank farms. Results. The authors have studied the nature of soil pollution of two oil depots in the Volga River region using materials published in domestic and foreign literature, which made it possible to substantiate the parameters of a generalized physical-geological model of soil pollution of oil depots. In the general case, the distribution of pollution areas is subject to the features of the geological structure and hydrogeological regime of the areas under consideration and generally includes five zones (the upper area, the area of pollution above the free-flow horizon, the area of seepage in the hydrogeological window, the area of groundwater pollution, the zone of secondary accumulation). This model can be used to predict the nature of pollution in tank farms, loading and unloading points, car repair shops, washing sites and gas stations located near river and lake basins. The model of distribution of oil products in soils will be complex, which will also be expressed in geophysical sections.

State of Art of Pipeline Distribution of Oil Products in Kenya-Threats, Challenges and Prospects

Finally, in 2012, Kenya hit significant commercial oil deposits that could potentially, position it among prospective world oil exporters. Unparalleled expectations from this find is arousing long dead pipedreams of economic bonanza and overnight transformation among all stakeholders. However, to avail this resource to the markets, for the expected fiscal changes to occur, it has to be transported. This paper, therefore, seeks to microscopically review the current status of the pipeline transport of oil products in Kenya in the last decade. A summarized outlook of pipeline oil distribution globally is availed, especially in well-developed oil jurisdictions. This is sequenced with a comprehensive history of oil pipeline transport in the country. The flow mechanism of white and black oil products in pipelines is then briefly addressed in view of the waxy Turkana oil. A sneak preview of the legal landscape on oil pipeline transport in Kenya is likewise highlighted. The current content and context of pipelines, flow of white and black oil products in pipelines, and new pipeline infrastructure are then discussed with Kenya Pipeline Company Limited as the central denominator. Additionally, assertions on the upcoming new crude oil pipeline are evaluated. Finally, it exposes the prospects and challenges in the pipeline transport of oil products and sums up with vials of viable recommendations for its long term progress.

Temperature, Velocity and Pressure Gradient Distribution of Oil Production in South West Cameroon using a Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Tube

Temperature, Velocity and Pressure Gradient Distribution of Oil Production in South West Cameroon using a Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Tube

A trio of resiliency, reliability, and uncertainty to design and plan the downstream oil supply chain

The main goal of this research is to design and plan a downstream oil supply chain network under mixed uncertainty. To reach this goal, a bi-objective mixed-integer linear model is proposed to make decisions at tactical and strategic levels. Notably, to deal with mixed uncertainty, a hybrid uncertain programming approach including adjustable possibilistic programming, chance-constrained programming, scenario-based programming, and p-robust optimization is developed and applied. Finally, the proposed model is implemented in a real-life case from the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company to illustrate the applicability and efficacy of the proposed approach. The analysis of the results indicates that the benefit of the used methods leads to the improvement of network performance against operational and disruption risks. Moreover, the analysis of the results indicates that the tailored approaches improve the total costs, the resiliency of the network, and the reliability of the chain in comparison to the deterministic situation.

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Reservoir Properties on Oil Production from the Low-Permeability Formation by Extended Reach Wells

At present, extended reach wells (ERWs) are widely applied on oil and gas exploitation in numerous reservoirs around the globe, and this is attributed to their superiority in the development of marginal oil and gas fields and cost-effectiveness. Identifying the effects of reservoir properties on production is significant to the operation of ERWs for oil and gas extraction. This work utilizes numerical modeling techniques to simulate the application of ERWs in low-permeability formations. The impacts of low permeability on the oil production and the pressure distribution of the reservoirs with different formation properties are analyzed, and the simulation results of the oil exploitation by ERWs are compared with the oil production and pressure distribution of that by horizontal wells (HWs). A test scheme is designed to analyze the effect of reservoir properties on oil extraction through ERWs and quantify the sensitivity of oil production to reservoir properties. The reservoir properties of formation rock compressibility, formation fluid compressibility, initial reservoir pressure, reservoir saturation pressure, formation porosity, and absolute permeability are studied through 66 ERW cases. The results illustrate that low permeability leads to a fast decrease of oil production rates and significantly uneven pressure distribution. The pressure is lower at the center of the ERW but is higher at both ends of the ERW, while the pressure is evenly distributed along the horizontal well in the HW cases. In addition, the oil production is in direct proportion with the initial reservoir pressure, formation rock compressibility, formation porosity, and formation fluid compressibility but is in an inverse ratio with the reservoir saturation pressure. Furthermore, the initial reservoir pressure has the largest impact on both the total cumulative oil production driven out by natural energy and the cumulative oil production after the development of ten years by natural energy; on the contrary, the absolute permeability has no effect on the total cumulative oil production driven out by natural energy.

Изучение влияния факторов, определяющих результаты геофизических исследований на территориях, загрязнённых лёгкими нефтепродуктами

Oil pollution significantly affects the ecosystem of underground space. The penetration of hydrocarbons into aquifers threatens to spread pollution over large areas from the source. Pollutants cause damage to natural environments and lead to damage and destruction of ecosystems. To solve environmental problems in the search for hydrocarbon pollution, geophysics is often used. In contaminated sites, knowledge of the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions, as well as the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pollution, is essential for risk assessment and site remediation planning. Despite the fact that many geophysical methods have proven their effectiveness in solving geoecological problems, pollution of the underground environment is complex. This is primarily due to the fact that the distribution of the pollutant has an impact on both the geological and mechanical components of soils, and the biological and chemical ones. The article discusses the influence of various factors on the formation of anomalies detected by methods of shallow geophysics in the process of studying the pollution of the geological environment with oil products. The main purpose of such work is the detection, contouring and determination of the migration routes of light oil products. The paper describes several generalized models of the distribution of hydrocarbon pollution, each of which can be used to solve the set tasks, as well as be a useful tool for predicting the distribution of oil products and modeling geophysical responses from a multifactorial environment. Among the factors influencing the results of geophysical studies, a special position is occupied by biodegradation processes, as a result of which significant changes in the physical properties of the medium occur.

The Role of Green Intellectual Capital in Strengthening the Elements of the Knowledge Economy: An Analytical Descriptive Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Managers in the Oil Products Distribution Company /Iraq- Nineveh

The Role of Green Intellectual Capital in Strengthening the Elements of the Knowledge Economy: An Analytical Descriptive Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Managers in the Oil Products Distribution Company /Iraq- Nineveh

Применение RGB-синтеза для комплексной интерпретации данных геофизических методов при изучении территорий, загрязненных нефтепродуктами

The information on geological structure as well as on the degree of contamination and geometrical parameters of a pollutant in oil-contaminated areas is necessary for risk assessment, planning of oil products recovery and territory remediation. Geophysical methods are actively used for solving such problems. The work considers the site on the Volga River bank, where soils are contaminated with petroleum products. The aim of the work is to delineate the distribution area of petroleum products. In order to achieve the goal, the set of near-surface geophysical methods (vertical electric sounding, seismic survey) and gas geochemistry were implemented. The results of a new approach to characterization of contaminated sites by RGB-data synthesis have been demonstrated as one of the ways of data interpretation. The method is based on the generalization of the available materials by optically mixing of the data of three spatially distributed characteristics presented in the form of three channels – red, green, and blue – for the purpose of localizing the lenses of gravity-mobile and immobilized oil products. According to the results of the qualitative interpretation of geophysical information, the authors have built a scheme with the proposed contour of oil products distribution in the studied territory. The proposed method can be used for the delineation of oil spills along with the sufficient information obtained by geophysical or other methods (at least three) at the stage of determining the spread of contamination for the sites. This approach can speed up the interpretation process, as such maps overlaying sets the color distribution of different petrophysical characteristics of the soils for the selected depth level, and also eases the task of determination of coordinates when correlating various anomalies, identified by different methods.

The Effect of Strategic Foresight on Achieving Strategic Entrepreneurship: Applied Research1

he current research aims to determine the extent of interest of the Oil Products Distribution Company (OPDC) and its various departments in the process of strategic foresight (SF), and the extent of interest that is reflected in the achievement of strategic leadership (SE). As well as knowing the nature of the relationship and the impact on the company. To achieve the objectives of the research, one main hypothesis was formulated, and three sub-hypotheses emerged from it. As the research relied on an analytical survey approach, the research targeted the workers within this company, And he reached a set of results, based on which a number of conclusions were formulated. The research community consisted of (185) individuals, and (160) questionnaires were distributed to them, (153) of which were retrieved, and the number of good people reached (141). The current research indicates that there is a direct relationship and a positive effect of strategic foresight in strategic leadership, and the sub-variable (entrepreneurial mentality) had the highest influence in strategic leadership, as this research proved the existence of an influence relationship and the correlation between strategic foresight and strategic leadership

Using the hybrid composites as coating layers to inhibit the chemical corrosion in oil mineral reservoirs

This work aims to the identify level of hybrid nanocomposite coatings of a stainless steel alloy that is used in the manufacture of mineral reservoirs for the storage of oil products in the oil products distribution company (Opdc). Corrosion is one of modern society's most serious engineering problems where losses incurred due to it each year are estimated at billions of dollars. Technological options have to be exercised to protect against corrosion and an effort to combat these losses. To overcome this severe problem, several successful efforts have been made using corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion inhibitors are compounds used in low concentrations to prevent or slow down the corrosion process. The used metal (low carbon steel St-37) was coated with zinc phosphate as an initial layer, cellulose nitrate reinforced with MgO nanopowder by weight percentage (3 wt. %) as an intermediate layer, and epoxy resin reinforced with weight reinforcement percentage (2 wt. %) of particles (MgO+coke coal (1:1)) as a final layer. In addition, a cognitive scale was prepared from (hardness, adhesion strength, chemical corrosion test as well as electrochemical corrosion test. It was found the hardness increased with coated by an initial layer and the value of adhesion strength of triple coating layers was (232 Psi). Chemical and electrochemical corrosion tests have shown the efficiency of prepared coating layers in corrosion inhibiting and metal protection. The used inhibitors in the work are inexpensive materials that allow solving the problem of rational nature management by reducing corrosion and providing the transition to the use of environmentally safe efficient technologies

Use of Business Models of the Aggregator in the Market of Commodities (Petroleum Products)

One of the events of recent years is the development of Internet commerce. B2C Internet trading is carried out through various aggregators. The demands of buyers and sellers in complex markets for commodities have similarities to the B2C market. In the conditions of online trading, sellers significantly automate and increase sales volumes, and buyers receive a choice of offers and a wide choice of products. When choosing the form of an aggregator in the B2B market, the market features and the product properties have a special fixation. The oil products distribution market in Russia is actively introducing new technologies into business. The main criteria for segmentation in this market is a commodity. Petroleum products are natural goods with unique properties, the key characteristic of which is the natural quality standard. Thus, when developing an aggregator model for commodities, the sales process, providing access to real-time information on the volume of demand and supply, high speed of implementation and safety of cases, as well as the availability of necessary services are especially important. The article proposes a model of the B2B-hub aggregator in the oil products commodity distribution market to improve the efficiency of doing business for buyers and sellers.