Distribution In Ukraine Research Articles

EFFICIENCY OF GROWING ENERGY CROPS AND THEIR PROCESSING INTO BIOFUELS IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING ENERGY AUTONOMY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

The article substantiates that the lack of a single interpretation of the concept of «energy crops» leads to difficulties in approaches to state incentives for the development of their production. It is determined that domestic scientists understand energy crops as a rule, as crops, grown for the use exclusively for energy purposes (willow, poplar, miscanthus, switchgrass, etc.). The classification of bioenergy crops by such features as: growing cycle, type, characteristics and the final product obtained, origin is considered. It has been proved that growing of energy crops will have a positive effect for the economy (improving the state balance of payments, reducing energy costs, economic growth) and the environment (decarbonization, reducing emissions, land reclamation, etc.). The characteristics of energy crops in relation to growing conditions are given and a review of plant varieties for bioenergy use from the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine in 2021 is made. The peculiarities of the technology of growing giant miscanthus, energy willow and poplar are considered; economic calculations of efficiency of cultivation of miscanthus on one hectare are resulted. The experience in growing energy crops by the Yaltushkivka Research and Breeding Station, where miscanthus and energy willow plantations were laid in 2017 and the crops are used for self-sufficiency in energy resources, is analyzed. Options for growing and further use of energy crops as fuel, including the sale of energy crops and biofuels based on them, as well as use for energy autonomy (direct combustion or production of pellets / briquettes with their further use within the enterprise) is considered. The choice of the most economically viable option depends on the specific conditions of the agricultural enterprises.

The distribution of the Western Corn Rіootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte) in Ternopil region during 2016—2020

Goal. To analyze the distribution of the Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte) in the Ternopil region during 2016—2020.
 Methods. To generalize the results of phytosanitary monitoring of the spread of the regulated harmful organism on the territory of Ukraine and on the territory of Ternopil region according to the data provided by The Department of Phytosanitary Safety of Main Administration of State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection (SSUFSCP) in Ternopil region.
 Results. In 2019 the area of D. virgifera virgifera distribution in Ukraine has increased 1.4 times compared to 2016, and the area of its distribution has expanded. Since D. virgifera virgifera was registered in the Ternopil region, the area of affected has increased by approximately 100 hectares per each year. The average annual temperature apparently contributed to the adaptation and the spread of D. virgifera virgifera throughout the region in 2016—2020, and the winter temperature were suitable for the wintering of the eggs.
 Conclusions. The western corn rootworm belongs to the quarantine organisms. It needs the use all phytosanitary measures for the containment and restriction of its distribution in the territory of the Ternopil region. According to the average spread of this pest (40—50 km/ year), the further expansion of its population in other regions of Ukraine is predicted. The climatic conditions in the Ternopil region and the available fodder base will promote the development of D. virgifera virgifera.

Агроекологічна стійкість сортів квасолі звичайної до несприятливих умов вегетації

Агроекологічна стійкість сортів квасолі звичайної до несприятливих умов вегетації

Current issues and gaps in the implementation of rabies prevention in Ukraine in recent decades

Ukraine remains the only country in Europe where rabies is widespread among animals and humans. Annually there are about 1,600 rabies cases in animals in Ukraine and sporadic cases in humans have been registered despite the conducting of preventive measures. Therefore, the aim of the study was to inspect the failures in rabies prevention, indicate the top reasons for human cases and highlights the risk of animal attacks in view of their species and geographical distribution in Ukraine during 1996–2020. The following archival state materials were used for analysis: from the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and from the annual reports of oblast departments of the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection. In general, more than 84,000 people (187.4 per 100,000 of the population) were affected by bites or harmful contact with animals every year, among them, 2,155 people were victims of rabid animals. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was prescribed annually, on average, for 21,434 patients (25.5% of all victims). Most people were attacked by cats and dogs that had owners (71.5%). The frequency of the proportion of the risk of attacks by rabid dogs on humans was (1:124), from cats (1:25), wild animals (1:7), and farm animals (1:2), but the largest general proportion of animal attacks on people was from dogs – 838,635 attacks (77.7%). Thus, due to the permanently higher level of contact with people, attacks by dogs remains more dangerous. Geographically attacks on humans by domestic carnivores were observed most commonly in the east part of Ukraine due to the high urbanization of the region and the high density of the human population. A large number of attacks by foxes was observed in the west part of Ukraine due to the larger area of forests and fields. During the last 25 years, there have been 63 human rabies cases. The main sources of rabies were dogs (24 cases) and cats (22 cases). The main causes of development of rabies were: failure to receive the PEP due to the absence of a visit to a hospital after an attack of an animal (n = 38), failures in prescribing PEP (n = 15), failure of PEP (n = 10). In conclusion, the gaps in the control measures against rabies are the lack of agreed coordination of inter-sectoral links, the lack of significant efforts to raise public awareness and the lack of funding for prophylaxis programmes for humans and animals. Our future research will be aimed at modelling the transmission of rabies from the pet population to humans.

Agroecological stability of cultivars of sparsely distributed legumes in the context of climate change

A prerequisite for increasing the area of sparsely distributed leguminous crops lies in the analysis of their cultivars according to agroecological indicators. Therefore, the purpose was to develop the State Register of plant cultivars suitable for distribution in Ukraine for 2021 and Official descriptions of plant cultivars and indicators of economic suitability, highlighted in the information and reference system “Sort” (cultivar) regarding the assessment of agroecological resistance of cultivars of sparsely distributed legumes. The highest potential seed yield, according to the State Register of plant cultivars of Ukraine, is attributed to horse bean cultivars Tiffani and Fanfare, lentil cultivars YeS Maksymum, Blondi and SNIM 18, chickpea cultivars Goksu, Aras, Zehavit, YeS Alunt and a cultivar of grass pea Ivolha. The highest resistance to diseases is attributed to the cultivars of horse beans Birgit, Apollo, and Stella, cultivars of lentils Blondi, Khryzolit, SNIM 18, Harri, Linza, cultivars of chickpeas Odysei, Zodiak, Rodin, Oven, Stepovyi velet, and all cultivars of grass pea. The most resistant to pests are horse beans Sirius and Fanfare, lentil cultivars Harri, Blondi, Khryzolit, SNIM 18, cultivars of chickpea Dostatok, Zodiak, Lara, Yaryna, YeS Alunt, Rodin, Stepovyi velet, Kozeroh and Odysei. The most drought-resistant is the cultivar of grass pea Ivolha, as well as most cultivars of horse beans, except Sirius and Fanfare, lentil cultivars, except YeS Maksymum, Antonina, and Harri, chickpeas, except Zehavit and Budzhak cultivars. Analysis of agroecological resistance of cultivars of sparsely distributed leguminous plants and their potential seed yield showed that to a large extent, high productivity is ensured by resistance to adverse agroecological factors: the influence of diseases, pests, and drought. The practical value of the study is to recommend the production of cultivars of sparsely distributed legumes with the highest indicators of resistance to diseases, pests, and drought with the highest potential yield

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHICKPEA VARIETIES BY COMPLEX OF ECONOMIC AND VALUE TRAITS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The article summarizes the information on the current state of the economic use of chickpea varieties, which are available in the State Register of the varieties suitable for distribution in our country. The data on the dynamics of their implementation by years have been generalized with the given characteristics of the varieties according to the complex of economic-valuable peculiarities. The results of the analysis of varietal resources and yield of chickpeas according to their agroecological plasticity and grain productivity in the conditions of climate change in the zone of the right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine have been also scientifically substantiated. It has been determined that as of 2020, there are 21 varieties of chickpeas in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine. The most promising varieties by maturity group, yield level have been determined. The assortment characterized by stable realization of genetic potential in various limits of variation of average daily air temperatures and conditions of moisture supply is. Therefore, the most promising varieties of chickpeas Skarb and Dostatok have been identified. On the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, various technological aspects of chickpea cultivation have been studied in order to ensure the rational use of natural agricultural potential, which will further increase the sown area of these plants. The relevance of the research reveals itself in the tasks of applied research on the basis of research sites of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University («Development of methods for improving the technology of growing legumes using biofertilizers, bacterial preparations, foliar fertilizers and physiologically active substances»).

PRINTMAKING APPROACH TO THE TECHNIQUE OF HOT ENAMEL IN THE ART PRACTICE OF OKSANA STRATIYCHUK AND OLEKSII KOVAL

The technique of hot enamel has been known to mankind since ancient times – it was used to decorate jewelry by Egyptians, Greeks and Scythians. In the Middle Ages and later, this technique was preserved and developed in Europe in some centers. At the end of the XIX century, enamel is part of the arsenal of professional artists, that is, from jewelry, decorative and applied techniques to the field of free art. However, due to its technical complexity, cost of materials and capriciousness in the manufacturing process, hot enamel is still a rather rare technique that is passed from cell to cell, from master to master. The article describes the specific usage of hot enamel technique combined with intaglio printmaking technique of etching developed by Kyiv artists Oksana Stratiychuk and Oleksii Koval. The history of technical transfer and it’s development in each artist’s practice is traced from the beginning of 1990’s till today. The article also describes their main themes and vectors of personal creative interest, as well as the perspective of this method’s distribution in Ukraine.

The population of Aconitum lasiostomum RCHB. (Ranunculaceae) in the right bank of the Middle Dnieper region: state and argumentation of protection

ntroduction. Aconitum lasiostomum has a sporadic distribution in Ukraine and is a rare species for most European countries. In terms of systematics, it belongs within the number of numerous morphologically and phytocenotically similar species of a section Lycoctonum DC. or is considered as part of an aggregate species Aconitum lycoctonum agg., which is nominal for the species of this section of the genus. Populations are scanty and susceptible to a range of ecological provide enough protection and require the reconsideration and systematization of the efforts aimed for Purpose. To assess the modern state of the population of Aconitum lasiostomum in the right bank of the Middle Dnieper region and to reason the raising of its protection status. 202187Methods. We identified and studied the new growth site of Aconitum lasiostomum in May-July 2020 inThe districts with an area of 10 x 10 m were planted within the natural borders of the phytocoenoses in the habitats of Aconitum lasiostomum. The habitResults. The previously unknown population of the endemic of Eastern Europe -Aconitum lasiostomum was described. The inclination of localities to the moderately illuminated growth sites -type was elucidated. The parameters of the Aconitum lasiostomum population were described. Total number about 100 specimens. Arrangement in clusters of 7-35 specimens of various ages. Percentage of generative individuals 38.4%. Under the intense shading, the percentage of generativeindividuals decreases to 3-4%. Maximum height of generative specimens at the beginning of flowering 62-120 cm. It has been found that Aconitum lasiostomum has a rare character of distribution in the right bank of the Middle Dnieper and other regions ofUkraine. The populations are organized in the conjunction with moist and fresh, middle-and rich edaphotopes under the broadleaf forests (alliances Alnion incana Pawlowski et al.1928 & Carpinion betuli Issler 1931). Obvious is the rather narrow range of coenotical conditions, which are sufficient for its growth and for the reproduction of the populations within the floral aggregations of the class Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Jakucs ex Passarge 1968. Originality. The first description of the population of Aconitum lasiostonum in the right bank and the main risks for the populations were determined. The increase of the sozological status of the species in Ukraine was justified. Conclusion. The previously unknown habitat of Aconitum lasiostonum within the communities, which are protected by the Resolution 4 of the Bern Convention, was elucidated. These communities are proposed to be protected within the Emeraldtall-It was determined, that the population of Aconitum lasiostonum is comparably numerous and diverse in age. Most of the loci with a high number of specimens are inclined to better illuminated growth sites. Aconitum lasiostonum allows us to claim the necessity of increasing the nature-preserving status of the species and including it in the Red Book of Ukraine. Keywords: Aconitum lasiostomum; population; nature preserving status; regionally rare species; rare biotopes

‘Dar Sofiyivky’ as a new Ukrainian cultivar of persimmon (Diospyros L.)

Aim. Creation of new domestic persimmon cultivars (Diospyros spp.) adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine will contribute to the introduction of new fruit plants into the industrial horticulture that combines high productivity and fruit quality, enriches the assortment of food products and improves the components of rational alimentation. Methods. Field studies of the persimmon species, cultivar and form collection, hybridization and station testing of hybrid seedlings have been conducted in the orchards of State Enterprise Experimental Facility “Novokakhovska” of Institute of Rice of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (Kherson region). In vitro seed germination of and two-year hybrid persimmon seedlings growth has been carried out in the Department of Genetics, Breeding and Reproductive Biology of Plants of the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The rest of the experiments and data statistical analysis have been done using generally accepted methods in breeding. Results. Advantages of D virginiana L. in hybridization with D. kaki Thunb. to increase the persimmon adaptability to unfavorable wintering factors have been confirmed in the extreme temperature conditions of the winters of 2005–2006 and 2011–2012. In the hybrid progeny from free pollination of the ‘Kolhospnytsia’ cultivar with the American persimmon D. virginiana in the genealogy, a new cultivar ‘Dar Sofiyivky’ has been selected. It combines increased winter hardiness with good fruit quality, early fruit production and early ripeness. In 2019, the cultivar ‘Dar Sofiyivky’ has been included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine. In vitro technologies have been used in the tissue culture laboratory of the “Sofiyivka” Dendrological Park for germination of interspecific hybrids seeds, which have insufficient germination in the field. A initial hybrid seedling has been obtained, from which the ‘Dar Sofiyivky’ genealogy is derived. Conclusions. Horticultural plant breeding, in particular persimmons (Diospyros spp.), in areas with ecologically different contrasting conditions within the framework of a single program to increase the adaptability of plants and the quality of fruits is promoted to accelerate breeding and expand the northern border cultivation of thermophilic fruit crops.

Finds of the ant-lion Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787) (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) in Transcarpathia

These findings of Dendroleon pantherinus allow to expand modern ideas about its distribution in Ukraine and supplement the list of regional insect fauna of the Transcarpathian region with another species of reticulate, which is among the rare in the fauna of Europe. We also recommend this species for the new edition of the Red Book of Ukraine. Preservation of habitats, namely areas with old hollow trees, will help preserve populations. Formally, D. pantherinus is protected as part of the natural ecosystem of the Berehiv Hills Reserve.

MECHANISM OF SOIL REPRODUCTION AND PRESERVATION IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIC FARMING

The problem of monitoring the condition of soils in Ukraine is not given due attention. This applies to the scientific field, where due to insufficient funding, full-fledged research is not conducted on the distribution, causes and ways to eliminate degradation. The same applies to the legislature and the executive, where no effective control measures have been developed. In general, the society does not create an atmosphere of maximum assistance for the preservation of soil cover as an indispensable national heritage. The media and educational institutions are indifferent to this problem. That is why these issues need immediate solution, namely, the development of an effective mechanism for reproduction and conservation of soils, taking into account the organic system of agriculture, which in recent years has attracted considerable interest not only scientists but also practitioners. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the system of organic farming in terms of ensuring balanced land use. The materials of the article are based on the study of the positive impact of organic agriculture on the reproduction and preservation of soils. The research methodology was based on a systematic approach and a dialectical method of understanding the organic principles of land use in agricultural production, taking into account retrospective analysis, monographic method, methods of synthesis and analysis. The essence of the system of organic farming from the point of view of ensuring balanced land use is revealed. The dynamics of land distribution in Ukraine by land for 2010-2017, which is characterized by an extremely high rate of agricultural development, which is significantly exceeds the ecologically reasonable limits are shown as well as the distribution of soil areas of Ukraine by humus content. The most important resource for soil humus reproduction remains organic fertilizers, plant residues, by-products, green manures, etc., the application of which has a positive effect on the agrochemical, physical and water-air properties of soils. The structure of mineral and organic fertilizers application in 1990-2018 is given. The main problems of agricultural land use are highlighted. Under modern conditions of agricultural production and existing land use systems, it is impossible to achieve even a simple reproduction of soil fertility without significant improvement of mechanisms for controlling their use by the state, and also the introduction of more effective, mostly economic, mechanisms to support soil protection measures. International experience shows that new information technologies, in addition to traditional research methods, will provide effective control of land use and soil protection at different spatial levels, from the state to a specific field. The mechanism of preservation and reproduction of soil fertility in the system of organic agriculture is proposed for use by agricultural commodity producers, which includes a set of measures aimed at restoring stocks of organic substances and improving agrophysical properties of soil. No less important is the state support in solving problematic issues, it is recommended to supplement the developed mechanism with such components as: legal, scientific and technical, economic, financial, scientific and educational supports. Organic agriculture through balanced land use increases the reliability and sustainability of modern agricultural systems. All the proposed methods and techniques of organic farming improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, namely: - increase nutrient reserves; - improve absorption capacity, moisture capacity and moisture permeability; - enriched with microflora; - improve the biological activity and physical state of the soil. Key words: organic cropping, soil, plowlands, structure of sown areas, reproduction and preservation of soils, organic agriculture.

``Now it is mostly done through stashes, to do it in person one has to trust you'': Understanding the retail injection drug market in Dnipro, Ukraine

Little research has been conducted in Ukraine since the 1990s to understand the organization of drug market and its implications for people who inject drugs (PWID). In this study, we explore how PWID perceive the retail drug market in a large Ukrainian city. Qualitative data were obtained during in-depth interviews and analyses included open coding, coding tree development and revision, axial coding, and identification of higher-level domains. Participants' narratives focused on types and forms of drugs available, perceptions about drug quality, methods of buying drugs, and the relationships that are formed and maintained by participating in the drug economy. The described technical organization of the drug market, with multiple contingent combinations of drug types, forms and means of obtaining drugs (hand-to-hand vs stash-based) resulted from diversification and digitalization of the retail injection drug market. The social organization of the drug market in the form of relationships with sellers and drug use partners represented the response to the fundamental problem of uncertainty. The lens of ``transaction cost'' helps explain strategies PWID used to manage uncertainties, including finding reliable and suitable sellers, sending money and picking up the stash under the threat of being stiffed or caught by the police, choosing the product itself, using the intermediaries to outsource risky operations and forming groups to procure and inject together. Our results indicate that the technical and social organization of drug distribution in Ukraine stimulates formation and continuation of relationships and impacts the choices of what, how, and when to inject beyond individual preferences. The policy and practice implications include the need to monitor and understand the retail drug market to develop and deliver more efficient and client-oriented services, incorporate and leverage social networks structure for information sharing and behavior change, pilot and implement drug testing services to assist with management of uncertainties.

Peculiarities of the classification of economically valuable indicators of highbush blueberry varieties of Vaccinium corymbosum L.

Purpose. To substantiate the features of the classification of morphobiological and economically valuable indicators of highbush blueberry varieties of Vaccinium corymbosum L.Methods. The studies were carried out during 2012–2019. Research methods: field (visual examination of the manifestation of morphological signs of vegetative and generative organs of blueberry plants), laboratory (determination of the content of vitamin C, total sugar, pectin, carotenes, anthocyanins, flavonoids, total acidity in berries), analytical, comparative, statistical (cluster analysis).Results. Over the years of research, varieties of highbush blueberries were characterized by a stable manifestation of homogeneous morphological traits and economically valuable performance indicators. In particular, the studied varieties are classified according to ripeness groups: very early: ‘Fiolent’; early: ‘Draper’, ‘Huron’, ‘Clockwork’, ‘Cargo’, ‘Laska’; medium: ‘Blue Ribbon’, ‘Top shelf’, ‘ZF08-070’, ‘Mavka’; late: ‘Liberti’, ‘Last Call’ and very late: ‘Aurora’, ‘Overtime’. It was determined that the quantitative morphological traits of highbush blueberry varieties that influenced the formation of plant productivity include such traits as growth vigor, leaf length, leaf width, inflorescences lengthwise, bunch density, fruit size. Economically valuable indicators of suitability of highbush blueberry varieties remained stable within the ripeness group. The highest yield (19.5 t/ha) was provided by the mid-season variety ‘Mavka’ of domestic selection. The yield of berries from the bush of this variety was also high and amounted to 7 kg. The studied performance indicators were low in the variety ‘Blue Ribbon’ – 10.2 t/ha and 2.4 kg, respectively. The minimum and maximum values of the manifestation of characteristics will serve to establish the limiting boundaries of its variation in the next modeling of economically valuable indicators of highbush blueberry varieties.Conclusions. Such morphobiological characteristics of highbush blueberry varieties, as plant growth vigor, leaf length, leaf width, inflorescences lengthwise, bunch density, fruit size are closely related to plant productivity, berry yield per bush, berry weight and yield. Therefore, they can be involved in the development and improvement of the model of suitability indicators of highbush blueberries for distribution in Ukraine.

Hydrographic characteristic of ponds distribution in Ukraine – Basin and regional features

The purpose of the research is to establish the total number of ponds in Ukraine and to analyse the territorial distribu-tion in the administrative areas, as well as in the river basin districts, as the main hydrographic units of water management. Cadastral data of the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine regional offices as of 2019 was used in the research (as to Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk regions we applied the data as of 2014). According the researches there are 50,793 ponds in Ukraine with a total water table area of 2,92899 ha and the volume of 3,969.4 mln m3 of water in 2019. The quantitative distribution of ponds across Ukraine is unequal. Most of them are concentrated in the central part of the country (10.5% of the total number of ponds in the country are in Vinnytsia region). Least of them are in Luhansk region (0.7%). Almost half of the ponds are located in the Dnieper River Basin (48.5%). The lowest quantity of ponds is in the Black Sea Basin (1.2%). The regulation of river basins districts (the rivers of the Sea of Azov, Crimea and Black Sea Basins) reaches 0.71–0.77. As of 2019, 28% of the ponds are rented out. In order to identify the real status of the ponds (both quantitative and qualitative), their recreational role, the environmental impact and the regulation of the hydrographic network in Ukraine, it is necessary to increase the attention to ponds monitoring.

АНАЛІЗ РОБОТИ АЛГОРИТМУ ІНТЕРПОЛЯЦІЙНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ ГАУСА НА ЕЛЕМЕНТАРНИХ АЛГЕБРИЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЯХ

The paper deals with an analysis of Gaussian interpolation function algorithm on elementary algebraic functions, the results have been compared with the Lagrange polynomial and the algorithm is improved by changing the variational coefficient α, that lead to decreasing interpolation error.          Set of mathematical tools with different functional content are used with working mathematical model. Interpolation is one of the types of work with experimental data. Set of tools of mathematical models has many different interpolation methods, but Lagrange polynomial is used most often on practice as classic method of polynomial interpolation.          The results of some interpolation algorithms are presented in the article. Results of interpolation of elementary algebraic functions by classical Lagrange method and three types of Gaussian interpolation functions with a small number of interpolation nodes and a steady step have been considered and analyzed. These methods have been tested with variable interpolation step. In addition, the results of interpolation with different variable parameter α are presented. It has been concluded that it is appropriate to change this parameter for different functions.          For the arbitrary function analysis, also consider the interpolation of experimental data using the Gauss interpolation function on the example of COVID-19 distribution in Ukraine. It has been concluded about the use of different values of the variable parameter for the interpolation of experimental data with minimal error.          Based on using Gauss interpolation function, computer system for analyzing a working principle of the Gauss function by the example of elementary mathematical functions with constant and variable steps and with ability to control the value of the variable parameter, which reduced the interpolation error has been created.          Keywords: interpolation, Gaussian interpolation function, interpolation error, variable coefficient.

New generation surface synthetic of alfalfa sowing (Medicago sativa L.)

Aim. Evaluation of starting material on a complex of economically valuable features and creation with its participation of a variety-synthetics of alfalfa sowing. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. The results of research and creation of a synthetic variety of alfalfa of sowing Radoslav at the Institute of forages and agriculture of Podillya of NAAS are presented. Listed on the State Register of Plant Varieties Eligible for Distribution in Ukraine (hereinafter – the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine) (Certificate of State Registration No. 15196001 of March 14, 2019, Patent for the Plant Variety of Radoslaw No. 190654 of May 5, 2019). When evaluating fodder and seed productivity in the research fields of the institute, the preference for the Radoslav variety to the Sinyukh standard was established. Extensive testing of the suitability of the variety for propagation (SPD) in 5 research points of the Polesia zone and 4 ˗ of the Forest-Steppe Institute of Plant Variety Examination confirmed higher rates of fodder and seed productivity and growth rate of the specified variety compared to the conventional standard. Conclusions. In order to enhance the efficiency of the breeding process aimed at the creation of synthetic varieties, clonal genotypes should be used, which, along with the complex of economically valuable traits, are distinguished by a high overall combining ability. It is recommended to use synthetic alfalfa of sowing Radoslaw in clean and mixed crops with other perennial herbs for production of high-quality forages in the soil-climatic zones of Polissya and Forest-steppe.
 Keywords: Medicago sativa L., clone, synthetic variety, dry matter, seeds.

Triticale breeding improvement by the intraspecific and remote hybridization

The purpose of our research was to expand the genetic diversity and to create the new winter Triticale materials with high grain quality by use of intraspecific and remote hybridization, involving them in the breeding of high-yield cultivars. Samples of winter Triticale were created by intraspecific and remote hybridization methods using multiple individual selections at Uman National University of Horticulture (Ukraine). We created the collection of winter Triticale, which includes more than 300 samples. It consists of unique recombinant forms that differ in morphobiological and economically valuable indicators. The obtained samples were divided according to the plant height into medium-stemmed (over 100 cm), low-stemmed (80–99 cm), short-stemmed (60–79 cm) and dwarf (??60 cm). The sample 68 combined high yield (6.95 t/ha) and grain quality (protein content — 12.8%, gluten — 27.8%, 1000-grain weight — 50.5 g, grain unit — 690 g/l). Sample 83 was characterized by high protein content (14.2%) and gluten (30.2%) of group I, and was up to the standard yield (6.35 t/ha). We created the cultivars of winter Triticale ‘Navarra’ and ‘Strateg’ that listed in the State Register of Plant Cultivars Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine in 2018.

Characteristic of spelt-like forms of wheat created with hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. × Triticum spelta L.

A number of new wheat samples have been created as a result of hybridization of soft and spelt wheat. Wheat samples were selected with individual family selection among the offspring. The samples were characterized by considerable diversity in morphological and biological characteristics. Forms that differ significantly in plant height were observed among the created offspring. The range of variability on this trait was 55–118 cm. 1561 sample differed positively in the weight of grain from the ear, which significantly exceeded the Star of Ukraine variety and did not differ significantly on this trait from the Podolyanka variety. 1561 sample was positively different in yielding capacity (6,66 t/ha). It was significantly higher than Star of Ukraine variety and not significantly inferior to the Podolyanka variety. In terms of protein and gluten content, the sample 162 containing 44.3 % of gluten and 21.4 % of protein was the best. A significant increase of the weight of 1000 grains relative to both standards was recorded in sample 1710 (59.2 g). We have identified samples in which the earning and ripening were recorded at the level of early ripening soft wheat varieties. Samples 1710 and 1809 have a vegetation period of 280–285 days and their yielding capacity significantly exceeding the Star of Ukraine variety (5.77–6.02 t/ha). A number of new spelt-like forms of wheat were created with the use of remote hybridization of soft and spelt wheat. The obtained forms were analyzed in terms of economic value and found suitable for introduction in breeding improvement schemes. 2. Forms that combine high productivity with high grain quality, in particular sample 1561 containing 36.4 % of gluten, 17.5 % of protein and has yields 6.66 t/ha were selected. 3. Artaplot variety was created with hybridization of soft and spelt wheat; the variety is listed in the State Register for Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine since 2018. Key words: plant height, protein content, gluten content, yielding capacity, variety.

Comparative characteristics of oilseed flax varieties in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions

Purpose. To study the effect of different sowing periods, seed sowing rates onto morphological and crop capacity indicators of oilseeds flax of Ukrainian varieties: ‘Orfei’, ‘Svito­zir’ and ‘Vodohrai’. Methods. The research was conducted in 2018–2019 in the branch of Ukrainian institute of plant varieties expertise in Khmelnytsky oblast state centre of plant varieties expertise, village Trebukhivtsi, Letychiv region, Khmelnytsky oblast. The following factors are studied: sowing period (15, 20, 25 April); seed sowing rates in million items per hectare (4, 6, 8); varieties of oilseed flax from The Institute of oilseed plants of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine: ‘Orfei’, ‘Svitozir’ and ‘Vodo­hrai’. Embedding experiments, material estimation, plants, harvest and seeds analysis are done in accordance with the “The method for the qualification examination of plant varieties for suitability for distribution in Ukraine”. Results. The credible difference between the variants according to the rate of sowing the seed and the terms of so­wing was defined. The estimation of the oilseed flax varieties according to the morphological and harvesting indicators was done. The variety of oilseed flaxseed ‘Svitlozar’ demonstrated higher harvest rate and morphological indicators in a so­wing period of 20–25 April and the sowing rate 6 and 8 million seed per1 hectare. It was also revealed, that regardless of a variety, the sowing rate of 6 million seeds per one hec­tare is the best of all. A better number of capsules, the seeds in the capsules and the weight of the seeds in the plant was formed by the variety ‘Svitlozir’ compared to the varieties ‘Orfei’ and ‘Vodohrai’. With early sowing period, the smal­-lest values of morphological and yield indices were observed in the varieties of flaxseed, irrespective of the variety and norms of seeding.Conclusions. For more full realization of the genetic potential of the varieties of oilseed flax according to the morphological and harvest indicators in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe the sawing rate must be 8 million seeds per one hectare, and the sawing period of 20–25 April. The variety ‘Svitlozir’ is characterized by its higher crop capacity and morphological indicators

Agrobiological characteristics of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Agrobiological characteristics of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine