Abstract
The purpose of our research was to expand the genetic diversity and to create the new winter Triticale materials with high grain quality by use of intraspecific and remote hybridization, involving them in the breeding of high-yield cultivars. Samples of winter Triticale were created by intraspecific and remote hybridization methods using multiple individual selections at Uman National University of Horticulture (Ukraine). We created the collection of winter Triticale, which includes more than 300 samples. It consists of unique recombinant forms that differ in morphobiological and economically valuable indicators. The obtained samples were divided according to the plant height into medium-stemmed (over 100 cm), low-stemmed (80–99 cm), short-stemmed (60–79 cm) and dwarf (??60 cm). The sample 68 combined high yield (6.95 t/ha) and grain quality (protein content — 12.8%, gluten — 27.8%, 1000-grain weight — 50.5 g, grain unit — 690 g/l). Sample 83 was characterized by high protein content (14.2%) and gluten (30.2%) of group I, and was up to the standard yield (6.35 t/ha). We created the cultivars of winter Triticale ‘Navarra’ and ‘Strateg’ that listed in the State Register of Plant Cultivars Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine in 2018.
Highlights
Winter Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) is used as a feed, food and industrial crop
Creating Triticale samples of well-grained ear is an important task for plant breeding, as grain productivity is closely related to grain weight per ear
Sand ryegrass (Elymus arenarius) characterized by long ear and high grain productivity was involved in the hybridization system
Summary
Winter Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) is used as a feed, food and industrial crop. Priorities for Triticale selection are yield enhancement, stability and improvement of grain quality indicators (Shchypak, 2008; Dennett et al, 2016). The main objectives of breeding are to improve the quality of grain, which is usually accompanied by a reduction in yield, as these indicators correlate negatively among themselves (Diordiieva et al, 2019a; Zhou et al, 2012; Kang et al, 2012). Insufficient plasticity of cultivars and breeding forms of winter Triticale related to the limited genetic diversity of parent material requires enlarging the gene pool and increasing breeding efficiency by different methods. The extensive formation process provided by remote hybridization can significantly expand the genetic diversity of the parent material and obtain recombinant forms with improved quantitative and qualitative productivity indicators (Hrabovets and Fomenko 2013; Ukalskа and Kociuba, 2013). There are examples of successful hybridization of Triticale with wheat (Triticum L.) (Kang et al, 2016), quackgrass (Agropyron repens), sand ryegrass (Elymus arenarius), lemon grass (Cymbopogon) (Kavanagh et al, 2010), barley (Hordeum vulgare) (Zenkteler and Nitzsche, 1984), resulting in the creation of valuable source material
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