ЗБАГАЧЕННЯ ГЕНОФОНДУ ТРИТИКАЛЕ ОЗИМОГО ЗА ВНУТРІШНЬОВИДОВОЇ ГІБРИДИЗАЦІЇ

Abstract

The aim of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of winter triticale samples by intraspecific hybridization and to obtain new valuable forms for their involvement in the selection process of creating high-yielding cultivars. The research was conducted during 2013–2020 at the sites of the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of Uman National University of Horticulture, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. As initial material for hybridization was used samples of hexaploid triticale of own breeding and varieties Rozivska 6, Ladne, Khlibodar Kharkivsky, Beta, Alkid, Souvenir, Raritet; octaploid triticale samples UA0602463 and UA0601654. Hybrid offspring were analyzed for morphological and economically valuable traits, including plant height, lodging resistance, ear length, grain weight from the main ear and 1000 grains, protein and gluten content in the grain and its quality indicators, yield, etc. In the studies used a systematic method of site placement. The rooms were arranged in blocks with a plant density of 400 thousand units/ha four times. In the course of researches hybridization of hexaploid forms of triticale of different ecological and geographical origin among themselves, and also hybridization of octaploid forms with hexaploid was carried out. In F2 populations, individual-family selection of low-stem forms with high ear grain was performed. In the absence of low-stem forms in the area of F2 hybrids, ear productivity was selected, and the population was transferred to a hybridization nursery for crossing plants with donors of low-stem genes. As a result of the conducted researches 23 highly productive forms of winter triticale were obtained, in particular, two dwarf samples (h = 58 cm), four – short-stemmed (h = 60–80 cm), one – early-ripening (vegetation period 285 days), nine – with high ear productivity. Sample 63 was selected, which significantly exceeded the group standard in terms of yield (7.01 t/ha), protein content (12.2 %) and gluten of the first quality group (25.4 %).