Distributed Network Environment Research Articles

TRRD: Technology for extraction, storage, and use of knowledge about the structural-functional organization of the transcriptional regulatory regions in the eukaryotic genes

We have developed the Transcription Regulatory Regions Database (TRRD, http://www.bionet.nsc.ru/trrd/) designed for storage of data on the structural-functional organization of transcriptional regulatory regions of the eukaryotic genes and their expression patterns. TRRD contains experimentally supported data only. Knowledge extraction from scientific literature, storage and further application of the results are all stepwise, conforming to the Data Mining technology: i) knowledge extraction from scientific publications; ii) preprocessing (data cleaning, syntactic and semantic analysis; iii) data transformation; iv) application for prediction; v) interpretation of the obtained knowledge to resolve the timely issues in bioinformatics. TRRD contains a compilation of data on 2 344 genes, their 14 407 expression patterns, 3 490 regulatory units, and 10 135 transcription factor binding sites. TRRD is filled in by manual annotation of scientific publications. The information incorporated into TRRD is the result of annotations of 7 609 scientific papers. Sequence Retrieval System (SRS) is the main tool for search and navigation in TRRD. A large number of indexed fields in its SRS version allow the user to generate queries both within and between libraries. TRRD has thesauruses and search systems that provide additional options for data access. TRRD is currently linked to 20 worldwide information resources, including EMBL/GeneBank, Ensembl, EPD, SWISS-PROT, TRANSFAC, GDB, GeneCards, MGD, RGD, GO. The links serve as a framework for integration in a distributed network environment.

Performance analysis of mobile agents

The results of a performance analysis of mobile agents in a distributed network environment are presented. Analytical models are developed and used to compare the performance of carrying out a simple management function with mobile agents (MA) or SNMP (simple network management protocol). An examination is made of how delay is affected by the size of the management domain and how each method behaves in both a local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN) environment. For large domains, optimal performance is obtained if the mobile agents' size is bounded, and this may require sharing the management task among a small number of mobile agents.

사용자 위주의 멀티미디어 서비스를 위한 시멘틱 기반의 사서함 구조

최근에 분산 환경에서 사용자 위주의 멀티미디어 서비스를 효율적으로 제공하기 위한 여러 가지 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 멀티미디어 데이터의 분산 서비스를 위해서는 QoS 향상, 스트리밍 그리고 동적 서비스의 개선과 같은 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 분산네트워크 환경에서 사용자 위주의 서비스를 위한 <TEX>$POX -H_{r}$</TEX>구조를 제안하였다. 제안된 구조는 disjunct, conjunct, semantic 그리고 filtering에 의해 <TEX>$POX -H_{r}$</TEX> 구조로 사상되며, 사상된 구조는 <TEX>$M_{filtering}$</TEX>에 의해 갱신된다. 비교분석 결과 제안된 기법의 성능이 보다 효율적임을 보인다. In recent years, several methods in distributed environment have been proposed in which a user-centered multimedia service may be efficiently provided. However, problems such as the improvement of QoS, streaming and the dynamic service of data for distributed service of multimedia data are introduced. In this paper we propose <TEX>$POX -H_{r}$</TEX> structure for user-centered multimedia service in distributed network environment. The proposed <TEX>$POX -H_{r}$</TEX> structure are constructed by disjunct, conjunct, semantic and filtering mapping scheme, and its structure are updated by <TEX>$M_{filtering}$</TEX> scheme. The comparison results shows that the proposed method provides the better than the other methods.

High performance AAA architecture for massive IPv4 networks

Even though the total volume of paid data through networks has increased rapidly, most telecommunication and network service providers are still struggling with the continuously decreasing voice revenue and the overheating competition as regards broadband services. Moreover, new technologies, such as VoIP, HomeNet and Bluetooth telephones, are still having trouble generating profit. Obviously these obstacles have dogged the transition to the next generation of business. To maintain the existing customer base and to survive under tight competition, network service providers are being forced to improve their service quality and to create new value added services without additional mass investment or replacing existing infrastructure. In the light of these factors, it is necessary to have a set of different prices for differentiated service levels, instead of the current flat pricing and network access-only service. The preliminary factors for transforming the current system to an upgraded and flexible one are identifying and personalizing subscribers. As a result, the current Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (AAA) infrastructure must be changed to meet those requirements. However there are two main technical limits. First, the limit of large volume user information processing capability. Second, the low rate of progress in the field of applications especially in countries such as the United States and Korea. To deal with these limits, we will first present neo-functional AAA architecture for massive and distributed network environments and describe successful cases of nationwide deployment in Korea.

A comparison of multiprocessor task scheduling algorithms with communication costs

Both parallel and distributed network environment systems play a vital role in the improvement of high performance computing. Of primary concern when analyzing these systems is multiprocessor task scheduling. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenge of multiprocessor task scheduling parallel programs, represented as directed acyclic task graph (DAG), for execution on multiprocessors with communication costs. Moreover, we investigate an alternative paradigm, where genetic algorithms (GAs) have recently received much attention, which is a class of robust stochastic search algorithms for various combinatorial optimization problems. We design the new encoding mechanism with a multi-functional chromosome that uses the priority representation—the so-called priority-based multi-chromosome (PMC). PMC can efficiently represent a task schedule and assign tasks to processors. The proposed priority-based GA has show effective performance in various parallel environments for scheduling methods.

Data-Hiding Method using Digital Watermark in the Public Multimedia Network

In spite of the rapid development of the public network, the variety of network-based developments currently raises numerous risks factors regarding copyright violation, the prohibition and distribution of digital media utilization, safe communication, and network security. Among these problems, multimedia data tend to increase in the distributed network environment. Hence, most image information has been transmitted in the form of digitalization. Therefore, the need for multimedia contents protection must be addressed. This paper is focused on possible solutions for multimedia contents security in the public network in order to prevent data modification by non-owners and to ensure safe communication in the distributed network environment. Accordingly, the Orthogonal Forward Wavelet Transform-based Scalable Digital Watermarking technique is proposed in this paper.

Modeling an intelligent continuous authentication system to protect financial information resources

This paper examines fundamental principles of continuous authentication (CA) and proposes a four-tier CA architecture to secure financial information systems. We define CA as a process that verifies the identity of an information systems user continuously for the entire duration of an authorized session. While organizations can, in theory, strengthen the security of their financial information systems through CA, several challenges need to be addressed in designing a CA architecture. A primary challenge involves the constantly changing user profiles in globally networked business environments. Profile content may include user knowledge and characteristics, access location, job characteristics, and transaction attributes. We propose swarm intelligence, which has the capacity to handle complex profile changes, as a technology for implementing CA in a dynamic, distributed network environment where user profiles are constantly changing. The paper explores model implementation challenges and discusses opportunities for future research.

SLA brokering and bandwidth reservation negotiation schemes for QoS-aware internet

We present a novel Service Level Agreement (SLA)-driven service provisioning architecture, which enables dynamic and flexible bandwidth reservation schemes on a per-user or per-application basis. Various session level SLA negotiation schemes involving bandwidth allocation, service start time and service duration parameters are introduced and analyzed. The results show that these negotiation schemes can be utilized for the benefit of both end users and network providers in achieving the highest individual SLA optimization in terms of key Quality of Service (QoS) metrics and price. The inherent characteristics of software agents such as autonomy, adaptability and social abilities offer many advantages in this dynamic, complex, and distributed network environment especially when performing Service Level Agreements (SLA) definition negotiations and brokering tasks. This article also presents a service broker prototype based on Fujitsu's Phoenix Open Agent Mediator (OAM) agent technology, which was used to demonstrate a range of SLA brokering scenarios.

Mammals of the World: MaNIS as an example of data integration in a distributed network environment

Natural history collections are the authoritative source of knowledge about the identity, evolutionary relationships, and attributes of species with which we share this planet. As such, collections of research specimens play a central and critical role in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. The potential contribution of specimen data to systematic, genomic, and ecological analyses is enormous, and will be orders of magnitude greater when information is made easily accessible via distributed networks compared with stand-alone database systems in use up to the present. The Mammal Networked Information System (MaNIS) is a distributed database network that permits participating institutions to provide web-based global access to their collections data for research, education and informed decision-making. The simplicity of the network’s design ensures that any institution wishing to join MaNIS may do so at relatively little cost and with relatively little technical expertise. Although development of MaNIS and its underlying architecture relied on a number of key programming tasks and innovations, much of what the project can offer at this pivotal juncture is insight into its approach and a template by which other disciplines can engage in a similar process with equal success.

A networked client–server environment with CORBA interface for parallel FE analysis

The paper describes the development of a powerful high performance finite element computing framework in a network of small computers. A basic object-oriented general purpose FE analysis code with a frontal solver has been developed in C++. CORBA has been used as a platform for objects deployment as a network in a client–server environment. As mentioned earlier, the server has been developed in C++ while both Java and C++ clients have been used. Different cases viz. (i) simple client/server model and (ii) multiple concurrent servers with a Java client model have been developed and validated. The distributed network environment has been utilized for parallelizing the finite element analysis. This has presently been implemented over a cluster of Intel workstations connected through a switch, thereby offering a very economical solution for the solution of large problems. Sub-structuring and use of superelements have been employed for this parallelization. Each sub-server is responsible for the assembly of elements, computation of superelement stiffness, communication with central server and the computation of low-level solution. Some initial results on performance are also reported.

Integrating Web-based GIS and image processing tools for environmental monitoring and natural resource management

The combined powers of Web-based geographic information systems (GIS) and on-line remote sensing tools can significantly reduce the high cost and labor associated with environmental monitoring and natural resource management. This paper introduces an integrated Web-based GIS architecture by combining three levels of geographic information services (GIServices): data archive, information display, and spatial analysis. A prototype Web site, WGAT (Web-based GIS and Analytic Tools), has been developed to provide easy access of geospatial information and to facilitate Web-based image analysis and change detection capabilities for natural resource managers and regional park rangers. The Web-based integration framework emphasizes user-oriented services, distributed network environments, metadata standards, communication protocols, client/server computation, and ubiquitous access.

Data interchange services: use of XML hub approach for the aerospace supply chain

The broad adaptation of e-commerce (EC) and information technologies (IT) in business applications has created fierce competition across the various industries. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), in the hope of surviving as suppliers in the technology intensive aerospace industry, are facing challenges as members of the global strategic partner network. Software developers and businesses are actively pursuing the next phase of business-to-business integration (B2Bi), namely XML-based web applications that can enable inter-enterprise integration. There are many de facto XML initiatives for vertical or horizontal B2Bi, such as ebXML, RosettaNet, HL7, and cXML. The diversity of XML formats causes difficulty in facilitating XML-based data exchanges. Companies are adopting several XML versions to engage in trade. The XML hub prototype is developed using widely applied web-based technologies (XML, XSLT, HTTP and JDOM). The hub architecture is flexible, scalable, extensible and suitable for a distributed networking environment. A prototype was implemented for aerospace supply chain integration and the case emphasises the applicability to smaller suppliers. The research has provided B2Bi solutions for SMEs to participate in global aerospace supply chains.

커버로스 기반의 효율적인 허가 메커니즘 설계

분산 네트워크 환경의 보안에 있어서 인증(authentication)과 함께 허가(authorization)는 필수적인 보안 기능이다. 허가는 사용자나 과정이 특별한 운영을 수행할 것인지를 판단하고 결정하는 절차다. 본 논문에서는 인증 메커니즘은 기존 커버로스를 사용하고 효율적인 시스템을 만들기 위해 허가 메커니즘을 설계하여 첨가한다. 제안한 허가 메커니즘은 커버로스 서버 안에 프록시 권한 서버를 운영한다. 프록시 권한 서버는 제안한 알고리즘을 사용하여 자신이 속한 영역의 사용자, 서버 및 서비스의 권한을 관리하고 허가한다. 또한, 프록시 권한 서버가 발행하는 권한 속성 인증서는 권한 위임에 사용된다 기존의 커버로스의 인증 메커니즘에 제안하고 있는 효율적인 허가 메커니즘을 추가함으로써 보다 안전한 커버로스를 설계했다. Authentication and authorization are essential functions for the security of distributed network environment. Authorization is determining and to decide whether a user or process is permitted to perform a particular operation. In this paper, we design an authorization mechanism to make a system more effective with Kerberos for authentication mechanism. In the authorization mechanism, Kerberos server operates proxy privilege server. Proxy privilege server manages and permits right of users, servers and services with using proposed algorithm. Also, privilege attribute certificate issued by proxy privilege server is used in delegation. We designed secure kerberos with proposed functions for effective authorization at the same time authentication of Kerberos mechanism.

디지털콘텐츠 메타데이터 포맷의 비교 연구

With the rapid growth of the Internet, digital contents have increased in a geometric progression and the types also became much varied. In order to make it easier to identify and search digital contents on the Internet, which is basically a distributed network environment, it is essential to organize and manage metadata. In this study, we have comparatively analyzed the data elements of the meta data formats currently approached from different aspects in diverse fields, so as to provide basic materials for securing interoperability of the meta data formats. We selected Dublin Core, Semantic Header, MARC, IAFA Templates, and TEI Header as the general metadata formats of digital contents used widely in all areas, and we carried out comparisons and analyses based on the literature.

ID기반 디지털 다중 서명 기술을 적용한 안전한 이동 에이전트 시스템의 설계

이동에이전트 시스템은 기하급수적으로 증가하는 분산처리 환경과 이동컴퓨팅에 기여할 수 있다는 점으로 인해 주목받고 있는 기술이지만, 심각한 보안문제를 안고 있다. 본 연구는 이동 에이전트 시스템이 가질 수 있는 보안 공격을 NIST 문서에 기초하여 분석하였다. 이들 공격으로부터 이동 에이전트 시스템을 보호하기 위해서 ID에 기반한 키(key) 분배 기법과 디지털 다중 서명(Digital Multi-signature)기법을 이용하여 이동 에이전트 시스템을 위한 보안 프로토콜을 제안한다. NIST에서 제안한 이들 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 이동 에이전트 보안과 에이전트 플랫폼 보안을 수행하여야 한다. 기존 프로토콜은 둘 중의 하나만을 언급한 반면에, 제안된 프로토콜은 이들 두 가지 측면 모두에서 보안을 만족시키고자 하였다. 제안된 프로토콜은 1)키 관리의 단순화, 2)보안 서비스 만족(기밀성, 무결성, 인증, 부인방지), 3)생명성 보장, 4)실행결과데이터 보호, 5)제전송공격방지 등의 보안 특성을 만족시킨다. 또한 에이전트 실행의 각 단계를 매 시스템마다 검증함으로써 메시지의 변경 시에 곧바로 탐지한다. Mobile agent system comes into the spotlight since it contributes largely to mobile computing on distributed network environment. However, this system has a number of significant security Problems. In this Paper, we analyze suity attacks to mobile agent system Presented by NIST[3]. In order to protect this system from them, we suggest a security protocol for mobile agent system by employing R based key distribution and digital multi-signature scheme. To solve these problems described in NIST, securities for mobile agent and agent platform shouid be accomplished. Comparing with other protocols, our protocol performs both of these securities, while other protocols mentioned only one of them. Proposed Protocol satisfies simplicity of key management, providing security service such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication and preventing reputation, liveness guarantee, protection of excution-result data and preventing replay attack. Furthermore, it is designed to detect message modification immediately by verifying each step of agent execution at a corresponding server.

3D-GIS in networking environments

In this paper, we present a data model for 3D geometry and topology in a 3D-GIS. This data model includes the concept of multiple representations for the same feature. Together with a spatial index, these multiple representations will be used to visualize the 3D-GIS data in a distributed networking environment. The data model and the progressive transmission is tested with an area-wide city model of Darmstadt.

IProClass: an integrated database of protein family, function and structure information.

The iProClass database provides comprehensive, value-added descriptions of proteins and serves as a framework for data integration in a distributed networking environment. The protein information in iProClass includes family relationships as well as structural and functional classifications and features. The current version consists of about 830 000 non-redundant PIR-PSD, SWISS-PROT, and TrEMBL proteins organized with more than 36 000 PIR superfamilies, 145 000 families, 4000 domains, 1300 motifs and 550 000 FASTA similarity clusters. It provides rich links to over 50 database of protein sequences, families, functions and pathways, protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, protein expressions, structures and structural classifications, genes and genomes, ontologies, literature and taxonomy. Protein and superfamily summary reports present extensive annotation information and include membership statistics and graphical display of domains and motifs. iProClass employs an open and modular architecture for interoperability and scalability. It is implemented in the Oracle object-relational database system and is updated biweekly. The database is freely accessible from the web site at http://pir.georgetown.edu/iproclass/ and searchable by sequence or text string. The data integration in iProClass supports exploration of protein relationships. Such knowledge is fundamental to the understanding of protein evolution, structure and function and crucial to functional genomic and proteomic research.

Research on the application of technology-oriented rapid response manufacturing in a distributed network environment

Rapid response manufacturing in a distributed network environment is a new manufactory pattern that can be used to implement the concept of agile design and manufacturing, but there are some new problems associated with it. In this paper, the authors establish some approaches to solve these problems in the product development process. The paper then presents research on key application technologies and solutions, which include a network safety strategy which ensures data transference among the leaguer members; production data management based on Web/DOT (distributed object technology) and XML criteria which ensure data exchange in structure-variance characteristic environments, the network platform which provides the conversion service of different types of CAD files. All these solutions aim for technology problems existing in distributed network environments and among the league members. Finally, the paper takes one project, i.e., the establishment of an online application service system for Shanghai Advance Manufacturing Technology Research Center as a good example.

Evaluation of the performance of ID systems in a switched and distributed environment: the RealSecure case study

With the phenomenal increase of unwarranted Internet traffic into corporate networks the need for the development and effective use of currently available intrusion detection (ID) systems has acquired great importance. Compounding this is the constantly evolving techniques by professional hackers to defeat any and every counter measure designed to stem or at least contain their acts. In this paper, we present the results of tests conducted to assess the effectiveness of intrusion detection system in a switched and distributed network environment. The results reveal that the performance of ID systems is a function of various factors including network topology, deployment techniques, and network throughput, bandwidth and network traffic conditions. Within the limits of our studies, the findings can be summarized as: 1. The detection capability of the ID system diminishes with increase in bandwidth utilization with the obvious implication that better performance could be achieved with the use of multiple sensors. 2. Deployment at network or domain entry points i.e. outside decoy provides better performance results by up to 11%. 3. Deployment with packet loss limiting devices produces a better result than deployment with the port mirroring technique by up to 27%.

材料リスク情報プラットフォームメインシステムの開発計画

“Risk-based design”, “risk-based manufacturing”, and “risk-based maintenance” are increasingly being applied to the area of mechanical equipment. These are very useful concepts and methods for plant management, etc.; however, when the risks associated with mechanical equipment are examined from the viewpoint of materials, it is often difficult to obtain risk information for use as a basis for study. One reason is that most materials-related databases tend to be built separately for individual fields of study, and are limited to digitized numerical data. As an approach to solving this problem, our team began in the middle of 2001 an investigation of the feasibility of setting up a platform system for material risk information. This project was cooperated in and supported by the National Institute for Material Science. The concept of this system is a portal site to be used via the Internet, designed to collect information related to material risk from a distributed network environment and to provide it to users. “Life test data on materials”, “information on problems or accidents attributable to materials”, “standard information”, “information related to various evaluations”, “other risk information” etc., comprise the material risk information used. This paper gives an overview of our platform system for collecting information on materials-related risks and the overall project plan.