Distinct Arrangements Research Articles

Gradual gradient distribution composite solid electrolyte for solid-state lithium metal batteries with ameliorated electrochemical performance

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) have emerged as promising contenders for tackling the safety concerns associated with lithium metal batteries and attaining elevated energy densities. Nonetheless, augmenting ion conductivity and curtailing the growth of lithium dendrites within the electrolyte remain pressing challenges. We have developed CSEs featuring a unique structure, in which Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) is distributed in a gradient decline from the center to both sides (GCSE). This distinctive arrangement encompasses heightened polymer content at the edges, thereby enhancing the compatibility between CSEs and electrode materials. Concurrently, the escalated LLZTO content at the center functions to impede the proliferation of lithium dendrites. The uniform gradient distribution state facilitates the consistent and rapid transport of lithium ions. At room temperature, GCSE exhibits an ionic conductivity of 1.5 × 10−4 S cm−1, with stable constant current cycling of lithium for over 1200 h. Furthermore, CR2032 coin batteries with a LiFePO4 (LFP)|GCSE|Li configuration demonstrate excellent rate performance and cycling stability, yielding a discharge capacity of 120 mA h g−1 at 0.5C and retaining 90 % capacity after 200 cycles at 60 °C. Flexible solid electrolytes with gradient structures offer substantial advantages in dealing with ion conductivity and inhibition of lithium dendrites, thereby expected to propel the practical application of lithium metal batteries.

Rational design of carbon skeleton interfaces for highly reversible sodium metal battery anodes

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted increasing attention over time due to their abundance of sodium resources and low cost. However, the widespread application of SMBs as a viable technology remains a great challenge, such as uneven metallic deposition and dendrite formation during cycling. Carbon skeletons as sodiophilic hosts can alleviate the dendrite formation during the plating/stripping. For the carbon skeleton, how to rationalize the design sodiophilic interfaces between the sodium metal and carbon species remains key to developing desirable Na anodes. Herein, we fabricated four kinds of structural features for carbon skeletons using conventional calcination and flash Joule heating. The roles of conductivity, defects, oxygen content, and the distribution of graphite for the deposition of metallic sodium were discussed in detail. Based on interface engineering, the J1600 electrode, which has abundant Na-C species on its surface, showed the highest sodiophilic. There are uniform and rich F-Na species distributed in the inner solid electrolyte interface layer. This study investigated the different Na-deposition behavior in carbon hosts with distinct graphitic arrangements to pave the way for designing and optimizing advanced electrode materials.

Computation of neighbourhood degree based topological indices for circumcoronene series of benzenoid

This article delves into the Circumcoronene series, a subset within the Benzenoid family of molecular structures known for their distinctive arrangement of benzene rings forming regular hexagons along the periphery. We compute various topological indices that are derived from open and closed neighborhood degrees, as well as reduced reverse indices, for the Circumcoronene series of Benzenoids. Furthermore, we conduct an analysis and comparative assessment of the distribution of these indices with the aid of MATLAB.

Evaluating Air‐Cooling Performance of Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Module with Various Cell Arrangements

The significant heat generated during the operation of lithium‐ion batteries raises the battery temperature thereby leading to performance degradation and thermal runaway in a thermal abuse environment. Therefore, a simple but effective battery thermal management system (BTMS) is crucial to achieve the permissible operating temperatures. In this work, the performance of air‐cooled BTMS is evaluated by changing the arrangement of cells under discharging conditions. Seven distinct arrangements (trapezoidal, slanted, cross, aligned, staggered, tilted square, and zigzag) of lithium‐ion cells are investigated in a rectangular battery pack. Two‐way coupling of 1D electrochemical model and 2D conjugate thermal‐fluid model is employed. The increasing Reynolds number reduces the cell temperature due to augmented convective effects. Under otherwise identical conditions, the zigzag cell arrangement outperforms the other cell arrangements but at the expense of the highest pressure drop (≈threefold). Particularly, the values of average and maximum cell temperature are reduced by ≈5K and ≈4K, respectively, for Re = 1000 at 1C in comparison to the aligned cell arrangement. Similarly, the least favorable performance is predicted by the trapezoidal, slanted, and cross‐cell arrangements. Finally, a performance plot is suggested considering the trade‐off between the power requirement and the cooling enhancement.

Polymorphism-driven Distinct Nanomechanical, Optical, Photophysical, and Conducting Properties in a Benzothiophene-quinoline.

Polymorphic forms of organic conjugated small molecules, with their unique molecular shapes, packing arrangements, and interaction patterns, provide an excellent opportunity to uncover how their microstructures influence their observable properties. Ethyl-2-(1-benzothiophene-2-yl)quinoline-4-carboxylate (BZQ) exists as dimorphs with distinct crystal habits - blocks (BZB) and needles (BZN). The crystal forms differ in their molecular arrangements - BZB has a slip-stacked column-like structure in contrast to a zig-zag crystal packing with limited π-overlap in BZN. The BZB crystals characterized by extended π-stacking along [100] demonstrated semiconductor behavior, whereas the BZN, with its zig-zag crystal packing and limited stacking characteristics, was reckoned as an insulator. Monotropically related crystal forms also differ in their nanomechanical properties, with BZB crystals being considerably softer than BZN crystals. This discrepancy in mechanical behavior can be attributed to the distinct molecular arrangements adopted by each crystal form, resulting in unique mechanisms to relieve the strain generated during nanoindentation experiments. Waveguiding experiments on the acicular crystals of BZN revealed the passive waveguiding properties. Excitation of these crystals using a 532 nm laser confirmed the propagation of elastically scattered photons (green) and the subsequent generation of inelastically scattered (orange) photons by the crystals. Further, the dimorphs display dissimilar photoluminescence properties; they are both blue-emissive, but BZN displays twice the quantum yield of BZB. The study underscores the integral role of polymorphism in modulating the mechanical, photophysical, and conducting properties of functional molecular materials. Importantly, our findings reveal the existence of light-emitting crystal polymorphs with varying electric conductivity, a relatively scarce phenomenon in the literature.

Au Octahedral Nanosponges: 3D Plasmonic Nanolenses for Near-Field Focusing.

Here, we report the synthesis of three-dimensional plasmonic nanolenses for strong near-field focusing. The nanolens exhibits a distinctive structural arrangement composed of nanoporous sponge-like networks within their interior. We denote these novel nanoparticles as "Au octahedral nanosponges" (Au Oh NSs). Employing a carefully planned multistep synthetic approach with Au octahedra serving as sacrificial templates, we successfully synthesized Au Oh NSs in solution. The porous domains resembling sponges contributed to enhanced scattering and absorption of incident light within metal ligaments. This optical energy was subsequently transferred to the nanospheres at the vertex, where near-field focusing was maximized. We named this observed enhancement a "lightning-sphere effect". Using single particle-by-particle surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), we optimized the morphological dimensions of the spheres and porous domains to achieve the most effective near-field focusing. In the context of bulk SERS measurements targeting weakly adsorbing analytes (2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide) in the gas phase, we achieved a low detection limit of 10 ppb. For nonadsorbing species (dimethyl methyl phosphonate), utilization of hybrid SERS substrates consisting of Au Oh NSs and metal-organic frameworks as gas-adsorbing intermediate layers was highly effective for successful SERS detection.

Investigation of Photoluminescence and Optoelectronics Properties of Transition Metal-Doped ZnO Thin Films.

Thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with transition metals have recently gained significant attention due to their potential applications in a wide range of optoelectronic devices. This study focuses on ZnO thin films doped with the transition metals Co, Fe, and Zr, exploring various aspects of their structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and photoluminescence properties. The thin films were produced using RF and DC co-sputtering techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all the doped ZnO thin films exhibited a stable wurtzite crystal structure, showcasing a higher structural stability compared to the undoped ZnO, while the atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging highlighted a distinctive granular arrangement. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was employed to confirm the presence of transition metals in the thin films, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to investigate the presence of chemical bonding. The optical characterizations indicated that doping induced changes in the optical properties of the thin films. Specifically, the doped ZnO thin film's bandgap experienced a significant reduction, decreasing from 3.34 to 3.30 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) analysis revealed distinguishable emission peaks within the optical spectrum, attributed to electronic transitions occurring between different bands or between a band and an impurity. Furthermore, the introduction of these transition metals resulted in decreased resistivity and increased conductivity, indicating their positive influence on the electrical conductivity of the thin films. This suggests potential applications in solar cells and light-emitting devices.

Mitochondrial replication's role in vertebrate mtDNA strand asymmetry.

Mitogenomes are defined as compact and structurally stable over aeons. This perception results from a vertebrate-centric vision, where few types of mtDNA rearrangements are described. Here, we bring a new light to the involvement of mitochondrial replication in the strand asymmetry of the vertebrate mtDNA. Using several species of deep-sea hatchetfish (Sternoptychidae) displaying distinct mtDNA structural arrangements, we unravel the inversion of the coding direction of protein-coding genes (PCGs). This unexpected change is coupled with a strand asymmetry nucleotide composition reversal and is shown to be directly related to the strand location of the Control Region (CR). An analysis of the fourfold redundant sites of the PCGs (greater than 6000 vertebrates), revealed the rarity of this phenomenon, found in nine fish species (five deep-sea hatchetfish). Curiously, in Antarctic notothenioid fishes (Trematominae), where a single PCG inversion (the only other record in fish) is coupled with the inversion of the CR, the standard asymmetry is disrupted for the remaining PCGs but not yet reversed, suggesting a transitory state. Our results hint that a relaxation of the classic vertebrate mitochondrial structural stasis promotes disruption of the natural balance of asymmetry of the mtDNA. These findings support the long-lasting hypothesis that replication is the main molecular mechanism promoting the strand-specific compositional bias of this unique and indispensable molecule.

Homology of the head sensory structures between Heterotardigrada and Eutardigrada supported in a new species of water bear (Ramazzottiidae: Ramazzottius)

Phylum Tardigrada is represented by microscopic eight-legged panarthropods that inhabit terrestrial and marine environments. Although tardigrades are emerging model animals for areas of research including physiology, evolutionary biology, and astrobiology, knowledge of their external morphology remains insufficient. For instance, homologies between marine and terrestrial relatives largely remain unexplored. In the present study we provide detailed pictures of the head sensory organs in a new tardigrade, Ramazzottius groenlandensis sp. nov. Specimens were collected from a mixed moss and lichen sample on Ella Island, East Greenland. The new species differs from congeneric species in the presence of polygonal sculpturing on the dorsal cuticle, which is accentuated in the posterior region of the body, a lateral papilla on leg IV, and distinctive egg morphology. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis (18S rRNA + 28S rRNA + COI) places the new species within the genus Ramazzottius with high confidence. Interestingly, the new species shows a full set of well-developed cephalic organs, which correspond to all sensory fields found in eutardigrades. Details on the full set of head organs were present only for heterotardigrades. The surface of these organs is covered with small pores, which presumably play a sensory role. This discovery suggests the homology of head sensory structures between heterotardigrades and eutardigrades, implying that the distinctive arrangement and positioning of sensory organs on the head is a plesiomorphic feature of tardigrades. Moreover, we find that the Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri morphotype forms a morphogroup, not a monophyletic species complex.

Convection heat transfer augmentation inside a hybrid corrugated channel by varying the positions of corrugated configurations

A numerical investigation was carried out to evaluate the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of a corrugated channel utilizing both single and hybrid corrugated configurations. The single corrugation configurations consisted of trapezoidal and saw-tooth corrugations, denoted as Single Corrugation-1 (SC1) and Single Corrugation-2 (SC2). In addition, the hybrid corrugated configurations included four distinct arrangements, each combining trapezoidal, saw-tooth, and triangular cavities in different ways, represented as Hybrid Corrugation-1 (HC1), Hybrid Corrugation-2 (HC2), Hybrid Corrugation-3 (HC3), and Hybrid Corrugation-4 (HC4). The flow was considered steady, two-dimensional, laminar with Reynolds numbers (Re = 500–900), while a heat flux of 2000 W/m2 was applied along the corrugated wall. The findings demonstrated that the flow and temperature contours were significantly influenced by both single and hybrid corrugated configurations. All hybrid corrugations showed Nusselt number (Nu) enhancements of 20%–36% compared to SC1 and 40%–60% compared to SC2 at Re = 900. Moreover, hybrid corrugated configurations showed better Thermal Hydraulic Performance (THP) compared to single corrugations. At Re = 900, the THP values for HC1, HC2, HC3, and HC4 were 0.95, 1.12, 1.05, and 1.02 compared to SC1, and 1.26, 1.49, 1.39, and 1.35 compared to SC2. Notably, among all the cases, HC2 demonstrated the most significant increase in heat transfer.

Dislocation Arrangements and Cyclic Microplasticity Surrounding Stress Concentration in a Ni‐Based Single‐Crystal Superalloy

Local cyclic plasticity near stress concentrations governs the fatigue crack initiation in cyclicly loaded Ni‐based single‐crystal superalloys, but has not been well studied and understood. The first of its kind transmission electron microscopy (TEM)‐based site‐specific study of plasticity in the crack initiation region in a notched single‐crystal superalloy subjected to fatigue testing at 800 °C, coupling it with microstructure‐based crystal plasticity modeling, is presented. Detailed TEM examinations show that local plasticity near the notch significantly differs from bulk plasticity, featuring high dislocation densities and distinctive arrangements of dislocation pairs within γ’ precipitates. It further shows that the increased local stresses alone are responsible for the increase in dislocation density and extensive γ’ shearing, but not solely for the distinctive arrangement of dislocation pairs seen in the notch vicinity, thus highlighting the considerable role played by the local variations in loading rates and stress state surrounding the notch. The results of this work provide new fundamental insights into the deformation micromechanisms leading to fatigue crack initiation in single‐crystal superalloys.

Highly Porous Layered Double Hydroxide and Mixed Metal Oxide by Sacrificial Bio-Template, Egg White Foam

Highly porous layered double hydroxide (LDH) and its calcined mixed metal oxide (MMO) were obtained by utilizing egg white (EW) as a biogenic porous template. The LDH was prepared through coprecipitation under the existence of a beaten EW meringue, and the corresponding MMO was obtained by calcining LDH at 500 °C. According to X-ray diffraction, the crystal structure of LDH and MMO was well-developed with or without EW. In contrast, the crystallinity analyses and microscopic investigations clearly showed differences in the particle orientation in the presence of EW; the protein arrangement in the EW foam induced the ordered orientation of LDH platelets along proteins, resulting in well-developed inter-particle pores. As a result, the distinctive particle arrangement in EW-templated samples compared with non-templated ones showed dramatically enhanced specific surface area and porosity. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm exhibited that the high specific surface area was attributed to the homogeneous nanopores in EW-templated LDH and MMO, which originated from the sacrificial role of the EW.

Phase engineering of Pd–Te nanoplates via potential energy trapping

Phase modulation of noble metal alloys (NMAs) is critically important in nanoscience since the distinct atomic arrangements can largely determine their physicochemical properties. However, the precise modulation of NMAs is formidably challenging, because thermodynamically stable phases are generally preferential compared to those metastable ones. Herein, we proposed a potential energy trapping strategy for phase modulation of Pd–Te alloys with solvents. Thereinto, ethylene glycol can increase the energy barrier for both Pd leaching and Te introduction, forming metastable Pd20Te7 phase. Inversely, N, N-dimethylformamide is unable to trap metastable phase, inducing the phase evolution to thermodynamically stable PdTe phase, and the precise phase modulation was realized including Pd20Te7, PdTe and PdTe2 phases. The Pd–Te alloys displayed phase-dependent formic acid oxidation catalytic performance with PdTe phase showing the best. This work proposes a strategy for creating metastable phase with potential energy trap, which may deepen the understanding of phase engineering for noble metal-based nanocrystals.

Seeking arrangements: cell contact as a cleavage-stage biomarker

Research questionWhat can three-dimensional cell contact networks tell us about the developmental potential of cleavage-stage human embryos? DesignThis pilot study was a retrospective analysis of two Embryoscope imaging datasets from two clinics. An artificial intelligence system was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of embryos from 11-plane focal stacks. Networks of cell contacts were extracted from the resulting embryo three-dimensional models and each embryo's mean contacts per cell was computed. Unpaired t-tests and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to statistically analyse mean cell contact outcomes. Cell contact networks from different embryos were compared with identical embryos with similar cell arrangements. ResultsAt t4, a higher mean number of contacts per cell was associated with greater rates of blastulation and blastocyst quality. No associations were found with biochemical pregnancy, live birth, miscarriage or ploidy. At t8, a higher mean number of contacts was associated with increased blastocyst quality, biochemical pregnancy and live birth. No associations were found with miscarriage or aneuploidy. Mean contacts at t4 weakly correlated with those at t8. Four-cell embryos fell into nine distinct cell arrangements; the five most common accounted for 97% of embryos. Eight-cell embryos, however, displayed a greater degree of variation with 59 distinct cell arrangements. ConclusionsEvidence is provided for the clinical relevance of cleavage-stage cell arrangement in the human preimplantation embryo beyond the four-cell stage, which may improve selection techniques for day-3 transfers. This pilot study provides a strong case for further investigation into spatial biomarkers and three-dimensional morphokinetics.

Effect of Chloride Incorporation on the Intermediate Phase and Film Morphology of Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskites.

The influence of chloride integration on perovskite film deposition, encompassing both the structures of intermediate phases and the properties of the final films, was explored. Our methodology involved the fabrication of perovskite intermediate-phase films with varying concentrations of methylammonium chloride (MACl). Subsequently, we conducted an analysis employing X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, incorporating the March-Dollase correction, to gain insights into how chloride-induced intermediate phases impact film morphology. Remarkably, a distinct preferred orientation was observed in the (020) lattice plane perpendicular to the substrate surface, and this orientation was found to be directly correlated to the MACl concentration. This distinctive arrangement of chloride-induced intermediate-phase complexes facilitated controlled crystallization, leading to highly oriented crystals and an improved film morphology. As a consequence, perovskite solar cell devices incorporating chloride-containing methylammonium lead iodide achieved a power conversion efficiency exceeding 20%. These findings suggest a crucial link between the preferred orientation observed in the final chlorine-derived perovskite films and the intermediate-phase structure formed during the initial stages of perovskite formation. These results suggest a profound impact of intermediate phase compositions and crystal structures on perovskite formation, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive understanding of these factors to enable precise control over ideal structures and the subsequent transformation into high-quality perovskite films.

Depositing Layers of Nano Graphene on P-Type Silicon Substrate and Studying the Structural and Optical Properties

The present study involved the deposition of graphene films onto a silicon substrate of p-type using the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique by varying the number of laser pulses (700, 600, and 500 pulses) at a fixed energy of 800 mj and a frequency of 6 Hz. The thickness of the prepared samples was calculated, revealing a significant increase in thickness (from 282 to 223 nm) attributed to the accumulation of material with increasing number of pulses. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of graphene samples showed an increase in both the degree of crystallinity and the intensity of the graphene peak with increasing number of pulses leading to an initial boost in crystalline growth. The utilization of (SEM) images, particularly in samples created with 700 pulses, they appear to be more extended and smoother, forming wavy surfaces. Furthermore, a discernible augmentation in the quantity of graphene atomic layers was seen from 80 to 116 in samples that underwent an increase in the number of pulses from 500 to 700. The observation revealed a distinct arrangement of the surface, where, these layers effectively covered the surface with a thickness measuring 115 nm. Furthermore, a noticeable variation in the surface morphology of the deposited samples was also observed with increasing number of pulses. FTIR spectra exhibited a conspicuous augmentation in the intensity of bands, particularly for the asymmetric and symmetric vibrations of the CH2 group, which manifest at wavenumbers of 2940 and 2890 cm-1, respectively, concomitant with an escalation in the number of laser pulses employed during the deposition procedure.

Optimization of interleaved structures with amorphous halloysite nanotubes for superior performance of CFRP pipes in various environmental conditions

The carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) pipes are extensively used in various industrial sectors and are routinely exposed to diverse environmental conditions, making it imperative to enhance their performance and durability. To address this need, our study investigates the effects of incorporating amorphous halloysite nanotubes (A-HNTs) in different layers of five distinct layer arrangements on the bending and pipe stiffness properties of interleaved CFRP flat (F) and cylindrical (C) structures under various environmental conditions. Notably, the maximum moisture absorption rate of carbon/epoxy composites (A3), encompassing all layers of epoxy modified with A-HNTs, was 190 % lower than that of carbon/epoxy (E3) composites containing unmodified epoxy resin in all layers. Furthermore, F(A3) exhibited the highest flexural strength at 3141 MPa among all composites tested. A-HNTs significantly improved pipe stiffness, with C(A3) exhibiting remarkable stiffness enhancements of 314 % after moisture absorption and 268 % after drying compared to C(E3). The composite C(E2A1), which included a bottom layer of epoxy modified with A-HNTs, also demonstrated significant stiffness enhancements of 308 % after moisture exposure and 290 % after drying, compared to C(E3). Consequently, we recommend the use of A3 and E2A1 composites for industrial applications.

Optimizing Urban Children’s Outdoor Play Spaces: Affordances, Supervision, and Design Dynamics

This research explores how outdoor spaces play a crucial role in providing urban children with opportunities for physical activity and relaxation, together with the supervision of the children’s outdoor activities, particularly in densely populated areas with limited open spaces. Effective design of such spaces is vital for creating functional recreational areas within urban landscapes. Drawing from ecological perceptual psychology’s theory of affordance, this research examines the positive attributes of environmental affordances, specifically in Beijing’s central area. Using a children’s park as a case study, systematic observations are conducted to understand the park’s potential for diverse play opportunities and facilitating social interactions across age groups. However, the results reveal that the children’s park falls short of realizing its affordances fully, restricting available play opportunities. Specific play activities require distinct spatial arrangements influenced by children’s ages. Maternal supervision significantly affects children’s play experiences. The study also highlights grandparent involvement in overseeing children’s outdoor play, revealing differing supervision styles. In conclusion, while fixed play equipment and rubber carpet ground enhance engagement and safety, realizing the complete potential of children’s outdoor play spaces demands more inclusive design. The research underscores the intricate interplay between environmental affordances, adult supervision patterns, and children’s play experiences, paving the way for further exploration of these dynamic relationships, and contribute to build environmentally and socially sustainable urban environments.

Effect of UV-C LED arrangement on the sterilization of Escherichia coli in planar water disinfection reactors

In this study, a planar UV reactor with five distinct UV-C LED arrangements was proposed to treat drinking water. The particle tracing method combined with computational fluid dynamics were used to simulate water velocity field, microbial trajectory and residence time. The ray tracing method was used to determine the irradiance distribution in water. The simulated variables were then integrated to determine the distribution of fluence in water. Both experimental and theoretical results among the five distinct UV light modules used in this study, turn-enhanced emission exhibited the highest efficiency in sterilizing Escherichia coli owning to the synergic effect of hydrodynamics and UV radiation. Turn-enhanced emission combined with turn-induced secondary flow effectively improved the reactor performance. At a flow rate of 300 mL/min, turn-enhanced emission resulted in an inactivation value of 4.56 log, which was approximately 0.90, 0.82, 0.84, and 2.41 log higher than the values obtained with top, staggered, lined, and side emission, respectively. According to the particle count and cumulative count of the fluid particles, turn-enhanced emission effectively enhanced the UV fluence to which microbes in water were subjected. In conclusion, optimal combinations of LED arrangements and channel configurations effectively improve the sterilization efficiency of UV reactors.

Structural conservation of insulin/IGF signalling axis at the insulin receptors level in Drosophila and humans

The insulin-related hormones regulate key life processes in Metazoa, from metabolism to growth, lifespan and aging, through an evolutionarily conserved insulin signalling axis (IIS). In humans the IIS axis is controlled by insulin, two insulin-like growth factors, two isoforms of the insulin receptor (hIR-A and -B), and its homologous IGF-1R. In Drosophila, this signalling engages seven insulin-like hormones (DILP1-7) and a single receptor (dmIR). This report describes the cryoEM structure of the dmIR ectodomain:DILP5 complex, revealing high structural homology between dmIR and hIR. The excess of DILP5 yields dmIR complex in an asymmetric ‘T’ conformation, similar to that observed in some complexes of human IRs. However, dmIR binds three DILP5 molecules in a distinct arrangement, showing also dmIR-specific features. This work adds structural support to evolutionary conservation of the IIS axis at the IR level, and also underpins a better understanding of an important model organism.