Distillery Spentwash Research Articles

Performance of Cumbu Napier Hybrid Grass as influenced by Distillery Industrial Byproducts under Irrigated Condition

A field experiment was conducted during 2009 to 2011 at Research and Development farm, M/ s. Bannari Amman Sugars Distillery Division Ltd., Ealur, Erode to assess the performance of cumbu napier hybrid grass by utilizing distillery industry byproducts viz., distillery spentwash, biocompost and spentwash ash. Treatments involved are distillery spentwash @ 37.5 and 50 kilo l per ha at full and split dose, biocompost @ 5.0 tonnes per ha and spentwash ash @ 400 kg per ha with recommended dose of fertilizers and the parameters were assessed at 12th, 26th, 39th and 52nd weeks after planting (1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th cuttings). Results of the field experiment revealed that the application of distillery spentwash @ 50 kilo l per ha at full dose with recommend dose of nitrogen and phosphorus increased the physiological parameters, green fodder yield and soil biological properties and decreased the biochemical parameters over recommended dose of fertilizers.

Mutagenesis of Azotobacter vinelandii Strain and Production of Polyβ-Hydroxybutyrate from Distillery Spent Wash

Mutagenesis of Azotobacter vinelandii Strain and Production of Polyβ-Hydroxybutyrate from Distillery Spent Wash

Irrigational Impact of Distillery Spentwash on the Yields of Mustard (Brassica nigra) and Castor (Ricinus communis) Oil Seed Plants

Cultivation of Mustard ( Brassica nigra ) and Castor ( Ricininus Indicum ) seeds was made by irrigated with distillery spentwash of different concentration. The spentwash i.e . primary treated spentwash (PTSW) 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 spentwash were analyzed for their plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and physicochemical characteristics. Experimental soil was tested for its physical and chemical parameters. Mustard and castor seeds were sowed in the prepared land and irrigated with raw water (RW), 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 (SW: RW) spent wash. The influence of spent wash on the yields of oil seed plants at their respective maturity was investigated. It was found that the yields of oil seed plants were more in 1:3 spentwash irrigation than raw water and 1:1, 1:2 spentwash irrigation. Hence, spentwash can be conveniently used as irrigation medium at a specified dilution with out polluting atmosphere,water and soil.

Electrochemical Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash Using Aluminum and Iron Electrodes

Electrochemical treatment of distillery spent wash was carried out using different combinations of aluminum and iron electrodes in batch mode of operation. The spent wash was characterized for various parameters as per standard method of analysis and the treatment results were analyzed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the spent wash. The experiments were performed to study the effect of operating parameters such as current density, pH of the spent wash, agitation speed, electrolysis time and the distance between the electrodes on the COD removal efficiency of the spent wash. It was observed that aluminum electrodes were more suitable for treatment of distillery spent wash as compared to iron electrodes. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 81.3% was obtained with Al-Al electrodes at the current density of 0.187 A·cm−2 and pH 3 for an electrolysis time of 2 h.

Decolourization of Polyaluminium Chloride and Fungal Sequencing Batch Aerobic Reactor Treated Molasses Spentwash by Ozone

Molasses spentwash from distilleries is characterized by high COD and color. The treatment of distillery spentwash by coagulation with polyaluminium chloride(PAC) followed by biological treatment with fungal sequencing batch aerobic reactor(FSBAR) resulted in 87% decolorization. To achieve further decolorization, ozonation of treated distillery spentwash was carried out at different ozone doses and contact times. It was found that pH had a negligible effect on de- colourization. The optimum ozone dose was found to be 4.75 g/L at application rate of 3.8 g/h for 30 min with correspond- ing decolorization being 66%. The overall decolorization obtained by the combined treatment(PAC treatment, FSBAR and Ozonation) was 96% and the total COD removal was 81%.

Feasibility of dairy waste water (DWW) and distillery spent wash (DSW) effluents in increasing the yield potential of Pleurotusflabellatus (PF 1832) and Pleurotus sajor-caju (PS 1610) on bagasse

In the present investigation, feasibility of dairy waste water (DWW) and distillery spent wash (DSW) effluents in increasing the growth and yield of two species of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus flabellatus (PF 1832) and P. sajor-caju (PS 1610) on abundantly available agro-waste, bagasse, was evaluated. Three different levels of treatments were applied for each effluent. The effects of amendments on the result were observed in terms of yield, biological efficiency (BE) and substrate dry-matter loss. BE was found to be the highest (66.63 ± 1.0 %) for P. sajor-caju grown on bagasse amended with 10 % DWW and lowest for Pleurotus controls. While P. sajor-caju performed better on bagasse amended with DWW, P. flabellatus was more suited to grow on DSW amended bagasse. Degradation of complex molecules was in accordance with substrate dry-matter loss and the respective yields. The biochemical analysis of mushroom fruit bodies showed them to be a rich source of protein (maximum 36.40 %) and sugars (maximum 41.58 %). The study thus proved to be beneficial for effective management of the waste by employing higher order fungi as well as obtaining nutrient-rich delicacy for the mass.

Energy, Land, WUE and Bio-Synthates Production in Rice Based Cropping System under Partially Reclaimed Sodic Soils of North Western Zone of Tamil Nadu

Soil reclamation and cropping system evaluation experiments were conducted during September 2009 to September 2010 in the sodic soils of Mallasamudram series in Magudanchavadi block of Salem district, Tamil Nadu in two locations representing strongly sodic (pH <9.5) and very strongly sodic (pH >9.5) soils. Soil amendments such as gypsum, ferrogypsum, sugar factory pressmud and distillery spent wash were employed to reclaim the sodic soils. Three different cropping systems were tested in the above reclaimed sodic soils and evaluated. Among the treatments, distillery spent wash (DSW) @ 5 lakh litres ha -1 (T 3 ) required higher input energy in both the locations. Higher energy output in terms of economic and biological return was recorded under DSW treated plots in all the cropping systems tried at both the locations. Among the treatments T 3 recorded higher water use efficiency and higher land use efficiency under rice – finger millet – sesbania (S 3 ) cropping systems in both the locations. Among the cropping systems tried, S 3 sequence with T 3 treatment recorded higher production efficiency under both in Rs. ha -1 day -1 and kg ha -1 day -1 parameters at both the locations.

Influence on the overall performance of the mulberry silkworms, bombyxmori l.CSR-18, CSR-19 and Kolar Gold cocoons reared with M5 mulberry leaves irrigated by distillery spentwash

CSR-18, CSR-19 and Kolar Gold silkworm reared with M5 variety of mulberry plants irrigated by raw water, 50% PTSW and 33% PTSW. The different parameters such as raw silk (%), filament length (m), reelability (%), denier and shell ratio were determined at the maturity of cocoons. It was found that the parameters were better in cocoon irrigated with 33%PTSW compared to 50%PTSW and raw water irrigations. This concludes that the mulberry plants irrigated with 33%PTSW were enriched with more nutrients for the potential growth of mulberry plants which results in the potential cocoons.

Utilization of Distillery Spentwash to Sustain Soil Health and Enhanced Yield of Maize in Entisol

Field experiment was conducted during 2009 (August to December) in the Research and Development farm of M/s. Bannari Amman Sugars Distillery Division Ltd., Ealur, Erode to find out the optimum dosage of biomethanated distillery spentwash (BDS) and its effect on soil fertility and yield of maize. Different doses of BDS along with inorganic chemical fertilizers were assessed in maize (cultivar COH (M) 5). The soil nutrient parameters viz., pH, EC, organic carbon, exchangeable cations and macro nutrients were estimated at vegetative, flowering and post harvest stages along with and dry matter production, cob, grain and stover yields of maize. The results of the field experiment revealed that the application of BDS @ 100 kilo l per ha with recommended dose of NPK significantly increased the soil nutrient availability and yield parameters of the maize crop over recommended dose of fertilizer control.

Comparative Study on Startup Performance of UAHR and UASB Reactors in Anaerobic Treatment of Distillery Spentwash

In this paper, startup performance of Upflow Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor and Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactors in anaerobic treatment of distillery spentwash has been studied under identical conditions of operation. Various effluent characteristics like pH, Electrical Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Total Solids and other process parameters like biogas production and methane per cent in biogas were studied until the attainment of steady state. The startup of the reactors has been completed and steady state condition attained on 25th day of reactor operation in UAHR and 34th day in UASB reactor. The treated effluent characteristics of both reactors were fairly steady after attaining the steady state condition. The pH of treated effluent during steady state condition was almost neutral for both reactors even though the influent had an acidic pH. The maximum COD, BOD and TS removal efficiencies were as high as 79.60%, 87.39% and 69.96% in UAHR as compared with UASB of 72.98%, 81.34% and 66.23%, respectively during the steady state period. The maximum volumetric gas production of 149 L m-3 produced more in UAHR than in UASB reactor during steady state condition. The population of total anaerobic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria also more as that of the other parameters in UAHR than in UASB reactor and it were 55.2 x 103 ml-1 and 40.0 x 102 ml-1 respectively in UAHR. It is found that from an overall assessment the UAHR has proved superior in its performance compared to the UASB reactor during the startup process.

Irrigational Impact Of Distillery Spentwash On The Germination And Growth Of Jatropha (Jatropha Curcas)And Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Oil Seed Plants

Germination of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and Sunflower (helianthus annuus) seeds was made by irrigated with distillery spentwash of different concentration. The spentwash i.e. primary treated spentwash [PTSW] 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 spentwash were analyzed for their plant nutrients such nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and physical &chemical characteristics. Experimental soil was tested for its physico-chemical parameters. Jatropha and Sunflower seeds were sowed in the prepared land and irrigated with raw water (RW), 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 spent wash. The nature of germination and growth of seed was studied, It was found that, the germination as well as growth was good(100%) in 1:3 SW irrigation, while very poor in 1:1 SW(25%),moderate in 1:2 SW(80%) and 95% in RW irrigation.

Effect of Biomethanated Distillery Spentwash on Quality and Nutrient parameters of Maize Grown on Entisol

A field Experiment was carried out during 2009 in the farmer’s field at Sathyamangalam, Erode with the objective to assess the effect of liquid distillery effluent as irrigation water on grain quality (reducing sugars, protein and starch) and nutrient uptake (N, P, K Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) of maize. Treatments consisted of 50, 100 and 150 kilo l per ha of the biomethanated distillery spentwash along with recommended dose of fertilizers with and without potassium. Results of the field experiment revealed that the application of biomethanated distillery spentwash @ 100 kilo l per ha with recommended dose of NPK or NP (without K) significantly increased the grain protein content and nutrient uptake of maize over recommended dose of fertilizers.

Effect of Biomethanated Distillery Spentwash and Pressmud Biocompost on Microbial and Enzyme Dynamics in Sugarcane Grown Soil

Effect of Biomethanated Distillery Spentwash and Pressmud Biocompost on Microbial and Enzyme Dynamics in Sugarcane Grown Soil

Studies on the Yields of Herbal Medicinal Plants Irrigated by Distillery Spentwash in Normal and Spentwash Treated Soil

Cultivation of some herbal medicinal plants namely, Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Kama kasturi (Ocimum basilicum) and Thumbe (Leucas asper) was made by irrigation with distillery spentwash of different proportions. The spentwash i.e., primary treated spentwash (PTSW) and 33% spentwash were analyzed for their plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and other physical and chemical parameters. Experimental soils i.e, normal soil (plot-1) and spentwash treated (plot-2) soils were tested for their chemical and physical parameters. The seeds of medicinal plants were sowed in the prepared land and irrigated with raw water (RW) and 33% spent wash in both soils. The yields were recorded at their respective maturity. It was found that the yields of all medicinal plants were high in 33% spentwash irrigation than raw water irrigation. Further, the yields were very high in spentwash treated soil (plot-2) than normal soil (plot-1) and raw water irrigations for all plants. It concludes that, the subsequent use of diluted spent wash for irrigation enriches the soil fertility and hence the diluted spentwash (33%) is an effective, eco-friendly irrigation medium for cultivation of herbal medicinal plants without any adverse effect on soil and environment.

Performance evaluation of full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating distillery spentwash

Performance of full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating distillery spentwash was evaluated. The plant was designed to handle 650 m3 day−1 of distillery spentwash having an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 112,400 mg l−1 with a HRT of 6 days. In the plant, the pH level of the influent varied from 3.50 to 4.40 but the pH of the treated effluent stabilized to a range of 7.36 to 7.68 during the study period. The operation of the reactors during study period revealed the stable conditions of the reactors, which is evident from the low COD, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total solids (TS) contents in treated effluent. In the plant, the COD, BOD5 and TS removal efficiencies were stabilized to the range of 62.19–66.59, 72.42–77.11, and 58.47–60.46%, respectively at an organic loading rate of 2.15–4.60 kg COD m−3 day−1. The biogas production was stabilized to the range of 48,290–135,115 m3 week−1 with 60% methane content. The total quantity of biogas produced ranged from 0.40 to 0.57, 1.04 to 1.71 and 0.40 to 0.56 m3 kg−1 removals of COD, BOD and TS, respectively. This study concluded that the treatment of distillery spentwash using UASB reactors contributed significantly for pollution load reduction besides generating renewable in-house bio-energy.

Impacts of Evaporation Ponds of Ethanol Distillery Spent Wash on Underground Water

Impacts of Evaporation Ponds of Ethanol Distillery Spent Wash on Underground Water

Decolourization of anaerobically digested and polyaluminium chloride treated distillery spentwash in a fungal stirred tank aerobic reactor

Decolourization of anaerobically digested and polyaluminium chloride treated distillery spentwash was studied in a fungal stirred tank aerobic reactor without dilution of wastewater. Aspergillus niger isolate IITB-V8 was used as the fungal inoculum. The main objectives of the study were to optimize the stirrer speed for achieving maximum decolourization and to determine the kinetic parameters. A mathematical model was developed to describe the batch culture kinetics. Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k (L) a) was obtained using dynamic method. The maximum specific growth rate and growth yield of fungus were determined using Logistic equation and using Luedeking-Piret equation.150rpm was found to be optimum stirrer speed for overall decolourization of 87%. At the optimum stirrer speed, volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k (L) a) was 0.4957min(-1) and the maximum specific growth rate of fungus was 0.224h(-1). The values of yield coefficient (Y ( x/s)) and maintenance coefficient (m (s)) were found to be 0.48g cells (g substrate)(-1) and 0.015g substrate(g cells)(-1)h(-1).

Water-recycled Cassava Bioethanol Production Integrated with Two-stage UASB Treatment

Considering limited success in target-hitting discharge from alcohol industry, our attention was directed toward a recycling use of distillery spentwash (DS) in cassava bioethanol production by using a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket bioremediation (TS-UASBB). With the TS-UASBB, SO 4 2−, COD, N and P in the effluent from the DS degraded significantly and their concentrations were kept at 0.2 g·L −1, 2.0 g·L −1, 1.0 g·L −1 and 15 mg·L −1, respectively, in 13 batch processes for water-recycled ethanol fermentation. With the effluent used directly as dilution water, no heat-resistant bacteria were found alive. The thirteen-batch ethanol production individually achieved 10% after 48 h fermentation. The starch utilization ratio and total sugar consumption were 90% and 99.5%, respectively. The novel water-recycled bioethanol production process with ethanol fermentation and TS-UASBB has a considerable potential in other starchy and cellulosic ethanol production.

NUTRITIONAL ADDITIVES OF SPENTWASH ON PULSES PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT Cultivation of some pulses by distillery spentwash irrigation in normal and spentwash treated soil was studied. The primary treated distillery spentwash (PTSW) and 33% spentwash were analyzed for their additive plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur and other physical and chemical parameters. Untreated soil (plot-1) and spentwash treated soil (plot-2) were tested for chemical and physical parameters. The seeds of pulses (Namadhari and Mahyco) were sown in the prepared land dimension of 4' x 6' blocks in both plot-1 and plot-2. Seeds were irrigated with raw water and 33% spentwash. The nature of yields were studied and compared. Irrigation with 33% spentwash more yield for all pulses in plot-2 than compare to plot1 concludes that spentwash treated soil is enriched with plant nutrients.

Comparative study on the growth and yields of leafy vegetables irrigated by distillery spentwash in normal and spentwash treated soil

Cultivation of leafy vegetables irrigated by distillery spentwash in normal and spentwash treated soil was studied. The primary treated distillery spentwash (PTSW) and 33% spentwash were analyzed for additive plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur and other physical and chemical parameters. Normal soil and spentwash treated soil were tested for chemical and physical parameters. The leafy vegetable seeds were sown in the prepared land blocks. Seeds were irrigated with water and 33% spentwash. The nature of growth and yields were studied and compared. Irrigation with 33% spentwash showed efficient growth and yield for all leafy vegetables compared to control.