Distillery Spentwash Research Articles

Film pore diffusion modeling and contact time optimization for adsorption of distillery spentwash on fly ash

The contact time in two batch adsorbers were optimized using unreacted shrinking core model for the adsorption of biopolymeric pigments in distillery spentwash by fly ash adsorbent. The total optimal contact time obtained was 40 min for 3 m3 adsorbate volume having initial biopolymer concentration of 1.5 mg/dm3. The film pore diffusion model was used to determine the external mass transfer coefficient, effective diffusion coefficient, and bed capacity for continuous adsorption process. The adsorbent bed capacities at different initial biopolymeric concentrations (2,000, 5,500, 8,700, and 12,500 mg/ml) are 69.26, 114.41, 143.64, and 172 mg/g, respectively. The effective diffusion coefficients at various bed heights were determined for continuous adsorption process.

Kinetic Model for Anaerobic Digestion of Distillery Spent Wash

Kinetic studies were carried out for anaerobic digestion of distillery spent wash considering growth kinetic models due to Monod and Contois. The kinetic parameters were predicted with the help of previously published experimental data for anaerobically treated distillery spent wash. The digester was operated at seven different values of loading rates ranging between 0.954 to 2.459 gCOD/L/day. Maximum specific growth rate and maximum specific substrate utilization rate for Monod model have been predicted as of the order of 0.153 g/g/day and 3.06 g/g/day , respectively, and those for Contois kinetic model were found to be 0.140 g/g/day and 0.421 g/g/day , respectively. However, for both the models the decay rate coefficient, was calculated as 0.0131 g/g/day. The estimated value of empirical constant in Contois model was found to be order of 0.699 (dimensionless). The deviation of model predicted values from experimental results has been compared. Sensitivity analysis of the developed models was carried out by considering 10% increase in the values of both and .

Decolorization of spentwash: a comparative analysis of physical, chemical and biological approaches

Agro-industrial and solid waste disposal is a serious issue of concern especially in developing countries. Waste disposal from industrial production should be in tune with environmental management practices. Waste produced by Molasses based distilleries; called spentwash poses various kind of problems when disposed to water bodies. It is due to presence of different organic and inorganic substances in the waste in which melanoidin compound is mainly responsible for its dark brown color. Although the process of biomethanation reduces the BOD and COD of spentwash, the colour of effluent remains a big threat to water bodies when it comes to disposal. After the process of biomethanation, spentwash is called as PMDSW (Post Methanated Distillery Spentwash). So far, different approaches have been applied to reduce the opacity/colour and other physical and chemical properties of spentwash to make it more applicable in agriculture and feasible for disposal. In this background, the present study present a comparative analysis of physical, chemical and biological approaches used in decolourization of spentwash. The study used bagasse and chemically modified bagasse (CMB) as physical method, hydrogen peroxide as chemical and Phenerochete chrysosporium (PC) as a biological method to find comparative decolourization efficiency. The study compared efficiency of physical, chemical and biological method at 0% (control) dilution, 60% and 80% dilution in alternate days. The result showed that the dilution played a significant role in colour removal in all treatments. The study also found that hydrogen peroxide (T4) to be the maximum efficient method among all treatments as compared to control. However, the study also revealed that T6 (Phenerochete Chrysososporium) is a eco-friendly alternative of colour removal which is less efficient than chemical method(H2O2). The study enhances the understanding of different decolourization approaches and suggest biological approach as most suitable method for color removal.

MF as Pretreatment of RO for Tertiary Treatment of Biologically Treated Distillery Spentwash

MF as Pretreatment of RO for Tertiary Treatment of Biologically Treated Distillery Spentwash

Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash by Using Chemical Coagulation (CC) and Electro - coagulation [EC

There is an urgent need to find best suitable economic technology to knock out the problems due to distillery industries creating pollution and ecological imbalance. In the present study electro-coagulation treatment is carried out by using different combination of aluminum and iron electrodes in a batch reactor. Also chemical coagulation treatment is carried out by using alum and lime dose to treat distillery spent wash. Maximum 96.09% colour removal was obtained by using Al-Al electrodes for pH 8 and maximum COD removal was obtained 85.7 % by using Al-Al electrodes for pH 3. Further experiments are carried out by using alum and lime coagulant dose to treat distillery spent wash maximum 66. 27 % COD was removed by using alum. Alum is more effective than lime to remove chemical oxygen demand.

Single-stage fermentation process for high-value biohythane production with the treatment of distillery spent-wash

The current communication reports the development of a single-stage biosystem for biohythane production from wastewater treatment. A semi-pilot scale bioreactor with 34L capacity was used for this study. Maximum biohythane production of 147.5±2.4L was observed after five cycles of operation with production rate of 4.7±0.1L/h. The biohythane composition (H2/(H2+CH4)) varied from 0.60 to 0.23 during stabilized fifth cycle of operation. During each cycle of operation, higher H2 fraction was noticed within 12h of cycle period followed by CH4 production for rest of operation (36h). During biohythane production, COD removal efficiency of 60±5% (SDR, 29.0±1.9kg CODr/m3-day) was also achieved. The synergistic function of volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and consumption during process in hybrid biosystem played vital role on the composition of biohythane. The single-stage biosystem facilitates production of high valued and cost efficient biofuel (biohythane) with fewer controls than individual acidogenic and methanogenic processes.

Performance Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Seed Extract (MOSE) in Conjunction with Chemical Coagulants for Treating Distillery Spent Wash

This study focuses on coagulation–flocculation method of degradation of pollutants from the distillery spent wash. The optimisation of major operating parameter, that is the coagulant dosage for the degradation of distillery effluent in terms of colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and residual turbidity removal, was studied. In addition to conventional coagulants namely aluminium sulphate, ferric sulphate and calcium sulphate, a novel initiative of using Moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE) as a coagulant aid to enhance the degradation efficiency was investigated. The objective of this study aims at the utilisation of plant-based organic coagulant resources, hence minimising the dosage of inorganic chemical coagulants. The effectiveness of the optimised dosage of chemical coagulants with and without the addition of MOSE was assessed in terms of percentage colour, COD and turbidity removal. The results showed that, in addition to conventional chemical coagulants, M. oleifera seed extract (MOSE) potentially aided the coagulation process, thereby enhancing the degradation of colour, COD and turbidity of spent wash. At optimised dosages of ferric sulphate and MOSE, 97% colour removal was attained, followed by aluminium sulphate with 96.5% and calcium sulphate with 29.3%. The treatment efficiencies were lower when the effluent was treated with chemical coagulants alone.

Biodiversity of Soil Invertebrates in Sugar Cane Plantations with the Different Application of Sugar Distillery Spent Wash

Biodiversity of Soil Invertebrates in Sugar Cane Plantations with the Different Application of Sugar Distillery Spent Wash

Environmental Informatics and Soft Computing Paradigm: Processing of Cocos Nucifera Shell Derived Activated Carbon for Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash—A Solution to Environmental Issue

Soft computing techniques are very much needed to design the environmental related systems these days. Soft computing (SC) is a set of computational methods that attempt to determine satisfactory approximate solutions to find a model for real-world problems. Techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms can be used in solving complex environmental problems. Self-organizing feature map (SOFM) model is proposed in monitoring and collecting of the data that are real time and static datasets acquired through pollution monitoring sensors and stations in the distilleries. In the environmental monitoring systems the ultimate requirement is to establish controls for the sensor based data acquisition systems and needs interactive and dynamic reporting services. SOFM techniques are used for data analysis and processing. The processed data is used for control system which even feeds to the treatment systems. Cocos nucifera activated carbon commonly known as coconut shell activated carbon (CSC) was utilized for the treatment of distillery spent wash. Batch and column studies were done to investigate the kinetics and effect of operating parameter on the rate of adsorption. Since the quantum of spent water generated from the sugar industry allied distillery units is huge, this low cost adsorbent is found to be an attractive economic option. Equilibrium adsorption date was generated to plot Langmuir and Tempkin adsorption isotherm. The investigation reveals that though with lower adsorption capacities CSC seems to be technically feasible solution for treating sugar distillery spent. Efforts are made in this paper to build informatics for derived activated carbon for solving the problem of treatment of distillery spent wash. Capsule. Coconut shell derived activated carbon was synthesized, characterized, and successfully employed as a low cost adsorbent for treatment of distillery spent wash.

Distillery spentwash decolorization by a noval consortium of Pediococcus acidilactici and Candida tropicalis under static condition.

The aim of this study was to isolate a consortium of bacterium and yeast from natural resources for better decolorization of distillery spentwash. Consortium exhibited 82±1.5% decolorization within 24 h when incubated at 45°C under static condition in effluent supplemented with 0.1%, glucose; 0.1%, peptone; 0.05%, MgSO4; 0.01%. The cultures were identified as Pediococcus acidilactici by 16S rDNA analysis and Candida tropicalis on the basis of phenotypic level. It is the first time when thermotolerant melanoidin decolorizing consortium (Pediococcus acidilactici and Candida tropicalis) isolated from distillery soil was capable to decolorizing melanoidin pigment of distillery effluent. Hence, it was observed that consortium has the ability to degrade the spentwash efficiently. This study could be an approach towards control of ecological pollution and health hazards of humans in and about the distillery location.

Decolorization of Distillery Spentwash (Melanoidin) by Immobilized Consortium (Bacterium and Yeast) Cell: Entrapped into Sodium Alginate Bead

Decolorization of Distillery Spentwash (Melanoidin) by Immobilized Consortium (Bacterium and Yeast) Cell: Entrapped into Sodium Alginate Bead

Biodegradation Studies of Non-Sterile Anaerobically Treated Distillery Spent Wash Using Aspergillus nidulans Isolated from Irrigation Site

Biodegradation Studies of Non-Sterile Anaerobically Treated Distillery Spent Wash Using Aspergillus nidulans Isolated from Irrigation Site

Production of Laccase and Optimization of Its Production by Bacillus sp. Using Distillery Spent Wash as Inducer

ABSTRACT A bacillus sp. isolated from the sediments of a distillery mill was used for laccase production under optimized culture conditions. The distillery effluent was used as an inducer for overproduction of laccase by employing the Taguchi approach. Screening of different medium components and their effect on laccase production was studied using an M-16 orthogonal array. The formation of laccase was considerably increased by addition of 1 mM copper sulfate (51.95 U/ml), which was further enhanced by the use of different inducers. The usefulness of the Taguchi method for optimization of culture conditions was investigated with five selected factors at four levels, and it was observed that the optimized medium resulted in a 9-fold increase in extracellular laccase production compared with the control. The optimized medium composition for laccase production was dextrose (1%), tryptone (0.1%), CuSO4 (1 mM), and an inducer (distillery effluent 10% [v/v]) at pH 7, which altogether resulted in 107.32 U/ml extracellular laccase activity. Hence, the Taguchi approach proved to be a reliable tool in optimizing culture conditions and achieving the best possible combination for enhanced laccase production.

High-rate anaerobic treatment of distillery spentwash using UASB and UAHR

Performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor in treatment of distillery spentwash was investigated under similar operating conditions. The reactors were initially fed with distillery spentwash having an average COD concentration of 1,22,000 mg L–1 with a HRT of 10 days and their performance was evaluated by operating at various HRTs viz., 10, 8, 7, 6, 5 and 4 days. Among the various HRTs, six days HRT was found to be ideal for the maximum reductions of COD, BOD and TS by 63.26, 70.80 and 57.20% respectively at OLR of 19.75 kg COD m–3 day–1 with UASB and 70.60, 78.50 and 62.45% at OLR of 19.25 kg COD m–3 day–1 with UAHR. The biogas yield of 0.30 and 0.31 m3 kg–1 COD removed was recorded in UASB and UAHR. Population of total anaerobic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria are also high in UAHR than in UASB. The study concludes that upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor is superior in reducing the pollution load of distillery spentwash as compared to UASB.

REMOVAL OF BIOPOLYMERS IN DISTILLERY SPENTWASH USING IRIDIUM OXIDE COATED TITANIUM MESH ANODE AND POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE: OPTIMIZATION AND SEQUENTIAL STUDIES

The purpose of the undertaken research work is to degrade the biopolymeric pigments present in the distillery spentwash. This is done by direct electro-oxidation using iridium oxide coated titanium mesh as catalytic anode. The effects of current intensity, dilution, pH and time of electro-oxidation were studied. The combined effects were analyzed using Box-Behnken design for optimization and statistical analysis. The rate constant for first order electrochemical kinetics relating the rate constant and current density for decolorization is proposed as kIr = 0.00109 (Id). The power consumption at different current intensities was found based on chemical oxygen demand reduction. The optimal parameters obtained were current intensity (1.3A), dilution (10%) and electrolysis time of 3 hours for 90% target color removal. The actual color removal at optimal conditions is 88% color removal, which confirms close to statistical analysis. The sequential treatment with polyaluminum chloride coagulant was studied to develop an optimized solution for complete degradation of biopolymers.

Treatment of Distillery Spentwash by Electrocoagulation

Effluent from distilleries, known as spent wash, leads to extensive soil and water pollution. Removal of pollutants and color from distillery effluent is becoming increasingly important from environmental and aesthetic point of view. Effluent from distilleries contains certain recalcitrant compounds. In the present work effort were made to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) from distillery effluent by electrocoagulation. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 98% was obtained at solution pH of 7.2 with a current density 17.9 mA/cm 2 for electrolysis duration of 3 h. Further

Development of Microbial Fuel Cell Using Distillery Spent Wash: Evaluation of Current Generation and COD Removal with Respect to pH

A single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) was operated with distillery spent wash (DSW) wastewater and microorganisms in cow-dung as inoculum source from pH 4 to 9. MFC signifies maximum current in the sequence of pH 6 (0.46 mA) > pH 7 (0.4 mA) > pH 8-9 (0.16-0.19 mA); whereas the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed in order of pH 8-9 (80-81%) > pH 7 (79%) > pH 6 (68%). The losses in coulombic yield were due to alternating electron acceptors and air diffusion through the reactor. The polarization curve yielded the maximum current density of 84 mA/m and maximum power density of 29 mW/m at an external resistance 22 of 820 (pH 6). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated 3-electron transfer process with best electrochemical responses at pH 6 and 7. The MFC at desired operating conditions showed a positive response for bioelectricity generation.

Biomethanated distillery spentwash and pressmud biocompost as sources of plant nutrients for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of biomethanated distillery spentwash and pressmud biocompost in various proportions with inorganic fertilizers on yield attributes, yield, oil and protein content of groundnut at Research and Development Farm of M/s. Bhavani Distilleries and Chemicals Ltd., T. Pudur, Thimiri, Tamil Nadu. Results of the field experiment revealed that yield and yield attributes viz., number of matured pods, 100 kernel weight and shelling percentage of groundnut were improved by the application of biomethanated distillery spentwash and pressmud biocompost compared to recommended NPK as chemical fertilizers. One-time pre-sown application of BDS @ 100 m3ha-1 along with recommended NP in groundnut registered higher pod, grain and haulm yield of 1774, 1272 and 4668 kg ha-1, respectively and the increase was to the tune of 35.83, 43.57 and 46.01 per cent, respectively over control. Similar to yield, BDS application increased the protein and oil content of groundnut kernels significantly. The net returns and benefit cost ratio of sugarcane were also as high as Rs.19,612 ha-1 and 1.90 for the treatment that received pre-sown application of BDS @ 100 m3ha-1 along with recommended NP as compared to control of Rs.19,612 ha-1 and 1.38, respectively. This concludes that the biomethanated distillery spentwash can be conveniently used as source of plant nutrients for groundnut.

Biotreatment of Melanoidin-Containing Distillery Spent Wash Effluent by Free and Immobilized Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 7691

A total of three fungal isolates from samples collected at spent wash disposal area were screened for their ability to degrade melanoidin. Distillery molasses spent wash was decolorized, and its chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced in immobilized fungal bioreactor (IFB) in the absence of carbon and nitrogen source using fungal mycelia of Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 7691. Fungal mycelia immobilized on baggase packed in a glass column under a batch-wise mode (1) effected removal of 75.71 ± 0.12 % color, 51.0 ± 0.13 % biological oxygen demand (BOD), 86.19 ± 2.56 % COD, and 49.0 ± 0.12 % phenolic pigments of distillery spent wash up to 25 days at 30 °C, while free fungal mycelia resulted in removal of 63.1 ± 0.16 % color, 27.74 ± 0.14 % BOD, 76.21 ± 1.62 % COD, and 37.32 ± 0.17 % phenolic pigments of distillery spent wash using shake flask, (2) manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity was highest (1.55 ± 0.01 U ml−1 min−1) in immobilized fungi, followed by lignin peroxidase (0.65 ± 0.01 U ml−1 min−1) and laccase activity (0.9 ± 0.01 CU ml−1 min−1), (3) accumulative MnP activity was highly correlated with (r = 0.9216) spent wash decolorization and (r = 0.7282) reduction of phenolic pigments, suggesting the presence of MnP activities in bioremediation of spent wash and (4) degradation of spent wash was confirmed by high-performance thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Measurement of chlorophyll a content of Chlorella species cultivated on treated spent wash effluent obtained from immobilized fungal bioreactor was 5.16 ± 0.71 μg ml−1 compared with 1.306 ± 0.017 μg ml−1 obtained with untreated spent wash. Thus, this work may provide a reasonable alternative for cost-effective bioremediation of distillery spent wash using immobilized A. oryzae on baggase fibers.

Impact of Distillery Spent Wash Irrigation on Sprouting, Growth and Yield of Dahlia (Asteraceae) Flowering Plant

Sprouting growth and yield of Jasmine (Oleaceae) flowering plant was made by irrigated with distillery spent wash of different concentrations. The spent wash i.e., primary treated spent wash (PTSW), 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 spent wash were analyzed for their plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and other physical and chemical characteristics. Experimental soil was tested for its chemical and physical parameters. Jasmine (Oleaceae) sets were planted in different pots and irrigated with raw water (RW), 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 spent wash. The nature of sprouting and growth was studied. It was found that the sprouting and growth of plant was very good (100%) in 1:3 SW irrigation, while very poor (25%) in 1:1 SW, moderate (80%) in 1:2 SW and 95% in RW irrigation growth.