Dissimilar Substrates Research Articles

Bottom-Up Formation of III-Nitride Nanowires: Past, Present, and Future for Photonic Devices.

The realization of semiconductor heterostructures marks a significant advancement beyond silicon technology, driving progress in high-performance optoelectronics and photonics, including high-brightness light emitters, optical communication,and quantum technologies. In less than a decade since 1997, nanowires research has expanded into new application-driven areas,highlighting a significant shift toward more challenging and exploratory research avenues. It is therefore essential to reflecton the past motivations for nanowires development, and explorethe new opportunities it can enable. The advancement of heterogeneous integration using dissimilar substrates, materials, and nanowires-semiconductor/electrolyte operating platforms is ushering in new research frontiers, including the development of perovskite-embedded solar cells, photoelectrochemical (PEC) analog and digital photonic systems, such as PEC-basedphotodetectors and logic circuits, as well as quantum elements, such assingle-photon emitters and detectors. This review offersrejuvenating perspectives on the progress of these group-III nitride nanowires,aiming to highlight the continuity of research toward high impact, use-inspired researchdirections in photonics and optoelectronics.

Application of Organo-Modified Silica Nanoparticles to Improve the Load-Bearing Capacity of Bonded Joints of Dissimilar Steel Substrates

The paper deals with the joining of dissimilar steels by adhesive bonding. The base materials for the experimental work were deep-drawn low-carbon steel DC04, and hot-dip galvanized HSLA steel HX340LAD+Z. Adhesive bonding was performed using rubber-based and epoxy-based adhesives. The research aimed to verify the importance of surface preparation of steel substrates using a formulation with organically modified silica nanoparticles and epoxy organic functional groups, where one end of the functional group can be incorporated into the organic binder of the coating material and the other end can be firmly bonded to substances of an inorganic nature (metals). Since the binder base of adhesives is very similar to that of coatings, verifying the performance of this surface preparation when interacting with the adhesive is necessary. The load-bearing tensile shear capacity of single-lapped joints and the resistance of the joints against corrosion-induced disbanding in a climate chamber were tested. The energy dissipated by the joints up to fracture was calculated from the load-displacement curves. Bonded joints with organosilane were compared with joints without surface preparation and joints prepared by chroman-free zirconate passivation treatment. Exposure of the joints in the climatic chamber did not cause a relevant reduction in the characteristics of the joints. Organosilicate formulation was proved effective when bonding ungalvanized steels with a rubber-based structural adhesive, where it improves the bond quality between the adhesive and the substrate.

Microstructural evolution of a printed AISI 303 upcycled powder on a dissimilar substrate

Additive manufacturing for new constructions or repairing purposes may deal with the use of dissimilar materials. Hence, the influence of interface between the substrate layer and printed one is crucial. This study delves into the impact of printed layers on the microstructure and hardness of an upcycled AISI 303 alloy produced by Direct Energy Deposition. Chemical composition distribution, phase and grain size evolutions were studied, accompanied with microhardness measurements.Microscopic analysis through chemical composition mapping and using electron backscatter diffraction technique for crystallography analysis revealed that the interface structure is strongly affected by the distribution of chemical composition and the heat received from subsequent printing. That means, a dominant transformation of austenite to martensite/ferrite occurs at the first layer printed on the top of the substrate. This is confirmed by hardness measurements (442 ± 15 HV0.1). This dominance (global martensite/ferrite distribution of 42%) is attributed to the reduction of Cr, Ni and Mn contents in the first layer, caused by Marangoni convection currents. This study confirms that subsequent printing favors the evolution of martensite/ferrite to austenite (global distribution of 75%) and grain growth, leading to hardness decrease to around 295 ± 34 HV0.1, leaving small difference with the printed AISI 303 alloy with a hardness of 235 ± 18 HV0.1.

Bronze-on-steel deposition with blue light high-speed Laser Cladding and IR Laser Cladding, properties and differences

Laser cladding could replace casting as a productive and efficient way to deposit lead-free bronze on steel. Bronzes, however, mostly reflect IR wavelength, usually used in LC. Therefore, bronze melting requires high powers, which can excessively heat the substrate, potentially leading to quality issues. Using blue light high-speed laser cladding (B-HSLC) can improve bronze light absorption and lower the heat input to the substrate, as most of the energy is coupled directly into the powder which is melted in flight. This work compares bronze-on-steel coatings made by IR laser cladding (IR-LC) and B-HSLC. B-HSLC coatings were produced with a higher single-layer surface deposition rate and a lower power input than IR-LC coatings. Microstructural appearance was assessed through optical and electronic microscopy. The B-HSLC samples displayed better quality, comparable dilution, and extremely reduced heat impact on the substrate. B-HSLC represents an effective alternative for lead-free bronze depositions on dissimilar substrates.

Multi-target Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) Technique for the growth of μm-to-nm scale Photo-active Thin-film Coatings

There has been an unprecedented increase in the growth of photonic components over the last 25 years based on different photonic materials; each having structural/functional limitation in integrated devices. The challenge is that the semiconductors are grown inside MBE chambers, whereas the polymeric waveguides are fabricated by spin-coating. By comparison, glass and crystal-based materials are processed via sputtering and sol-gel techniques. None of these materials processing techniques, therefore, are compatible for a single-step device fabrication, due to the incompatibilities of chemical and physical properties of individual materials. A solution for overcoming the materials limitation is to develop a multi-materials deposition chamber which allows sequential/heterostructure growth on a substrate, without compromising the structural, spectroscopic, and device performances. The rare-earth-ion doped glass- and crystal-based devices are pumped with semiconductor lasers, suggesting that the glass-semiconductor devices might perform better when structurally integrated which may also help in reducing the pump-power for achieving efficient population inversion. We explain the applications of PLD for controlling the structure of thin-films grown on inorganic and metallic substrates for photonic device and photo-active coatings for biological applications, respectively. Examples of materials deposited on dissimilar substrates are discussed with applications such as photonic devices and photo-bioactive surfaces for sensing.

A Tunable Soft Silicone Bioadhesive for Secure Anchoring of Diverse Medical Devices to Wet Biological Tissue.

Silicone is utilized widely in medical devices for its compatibility with tissues and bodily fluids, making it a versatile material for implants and wearables. To effectively bond silicone devices to biological tissues, a reliable adhesive is required to create a long-lasting interface. BioAdheSil, a silicone-based bioadhesive designed to provide robust adhesion on both sides of the interface is introduced here, facilitating bonding between dissimilar substrates, namely silicone devices and tissues. The adhesive's design focuses on two key aspects: wet tissue adhesion capability and tissue-infiltration-based long-term integration. BioAdheSil is formulated by mixing soft silicone oligomers with siloxane coupling agents and absorbents for bonding the hydrophobic silicone device to hydrophilic tissues. Incorporation of biodegradable absorbents eliminates surface water and controls porosity, while silane crosslinkers provide interfacial strength. Over time, BioAdheSil transitions from nonpermeable to permeable through enzyme degradation, creating a porous structure that facilitates cell migration and tissue integration, potentially enabling long-lasting adhesion. Experimental results demonstrate that BioAdheSil outperforms commercial adhesives and elicits no adverse response in rats. BioAdheSil offers practical utility for adhering silicone devices to wet tissues, including long-term implants and transcutaneous devices. Here, its functionality is demonstrated through applications such as tracheal stents and left ventricular assist device lines.

Temperature Dependant Bandgap Tuning of GaAs, AlAs, InAs, and InP Binaries Grown on different Substrates

This article carries out the temperature-dependent study of the band structures of bulk binaries such as AlAs, GaAs, InAs, and InP grown on different substrates thus showing the combined effect of substrate and temperature on the bandgaps of the binary systems under study. For the calculations of the band structures of the binary systems grown on different substrates, the k.p technique has been used. The results have been analyzed successfully. For all the binaries, it has been found that the bandgap is reduced with increasing temperature but the rate of reduction with temperature is different for dissimilar substrates. The outcomes of the calculations for the band structures of binaries grown on lattice-matched and unmatched substrates are very useful for understanding of device performance.

Scaling Effect of Dry Adhesion for Microfibrils and Transition Size to Flaw Insensitivity

Abstract The mechanics of detachment (e.g., a cylindrical fibril separating from a dissimilar substrate) has been treated in the perspectives of contact mechanics and fracture mechanics theory along with numerical simulations, but systematic experimental studies on the adhesion of an individual microfibril is still scarce. In this work, we conducted a detailed experiment on the adhesion tests of individual cylindrical microfibrils, within a large range of varying diameters from 4 to 400 μm, made of three different polyurethanes with moduli among ∼1–40 MPa. We confirmed the scaling effect of an individual microfibril, i.e., the adhesion σad of the individual fibril scales with fibrillar diameters D with an exponent of ∼ −0.4 to −0.45. As the fibrillar diameter is reduced below 10 μm, the adhesion becomes unchanged and size insensitive. This result is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the effects of the Young’s modulus and retraction rates during the adhesion tests on the adhesion strength were also investigated. Our experimental work will provide a guide for the optimal design of the micron-scale surfaces with improved adhesion.

(Invited, Digital Presentation) Low-Temperature Direct Bonding of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Substrates

For the next-generation semiconductor devices, our research group has developed direct bonding techniques of wide-bandgap materials, including SiC, Ga2O3, and diamond. It is known that the semiconductor substrates activated by oxygen plasma can form atomic bonds at low temperatures. In this case, a thick oxide layer, which may become a thermal and electrical barrier, is formed at the bonding interface. Meanwhile, our research group demonstrated that the OH-terminated Ga2O3 and diamond substrates were directly bonded without an oxide intermediate layer. In addition, the SiC substrate dipped into the HF acid can be bonded with the Ga2O3 substrate with an ~1-nm-thick amorphous layer. The dissimilar substrates bonded through the ultra-thin intermediate layer would contribute to efficient heat dissipation and future heterojunction devices.

Adhesive Thickness and Ageing Effects on the Mechanical Behaviour of Similar and Dissimilar Single Lap Joints Used in the Automotive Industry

The effects of the adhesive thickness and overlap of a polyurethane adhesive have been studied by using different substrate configurations. Single lap joint (SLJ) specimens have been tested with homologous substrates, carbon fibre-reinforced plastics and painted metal substrates. Furthermore, a configuration with dissimilar substrates has been included in the experimental campaign. Both types of these adhesive and substrates are used in the automotive industry. The bonding procedure has been carried out without a surface treatment in order to quantify the shear strength and stiffness when surface treatments are not used on the substrates, reproducing typical mass production conditions. Three different ageing cycles have been used to evaluate the effects on SLJ specimens. A finite element model that uses cohesive modelling has been built and optimised to assess the differences between the different adopted SLJ configurations.

Tri-band Dual Substrate Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna for C, X, and Ku Band Applications

The design work presents a triple Y-fed dual substrate aperture coupled microstrip antenna that operates in C, X, and Ku bands. The overall dimension of the antenna is 50*40*1.894 mm. The antenna has four layers with two dissimilar substrates. A unique triple Y-structured feed line connected to a quarter-wave transformer forms the first layer of the design and shows a greater impact on impedance matching. A superimposed modified defected ground structure is sandwiched between two dissimilar substrates, FR4 and RT5880. The FR4 substrate is placed above the triple Y feed structure over which superimposed DGS is placed to obtain enhanced bandwidth. The third layer is formed by placing the second substrate RT5880 above the ground plane. The dielectric constant of the lower substrate is considered higher than the upper substrate to avoid undesired radiations at unwanted frequencies. A patch with three rectangular slots is placed over the RT5880 substrate for having tri-band characteristics. The patch is excited effectively through the slots in the ground plane thereby enhancing the coupling between the patch and the feed resulting in maximum radiation of RF energy. With this, an enhanced bandwidth of 12.66%, 16.67%, and 7.19% in all three bands is attained. Besides, the proposed design has a gain of 3.265 dBi at the C band, 3.305 dBi at the X band, and 4.385 dBi at the Ku band. The fabricated antenna is tested and the results are compared for both simulated and measured values. The results emphasize that a tri-band antenna can be used effectively in operating frequencies including the 5G wireless application band.

Molecular Weight Controls Interactions between Plastic Deformation and Fracture in Cold Spray of Glassy Polymers.

Polymer cold spray has gained considerable attention as a novel manufacturing process. A promising aspect of this technology involves the ability to deposit uniform polymer coatings without the requirements of solvent and/or high-temperature conditions. The present study investigates the interplay between shear instability, often considered to be the primary mechanism for bond formation, and fracture, as a secondary energy dissipation mechanism, collectively governing the deposition of glassy thermoplastics on similar and dissimilar substrates. A hybrid experimental-computational approach is utilized to explore the simultaneous effects of several interconnected phenomena, namely the particle-substrate relative deformability, molecular weights, and the resultant yielding versus fracture of polystyrene particles, examined herein as a model material system. The computational investigations are based on constitutive plasticity and damage equations determined and calibrated based on a statistical data mining approach applied to a wide collection of previously reported stress-strain and failure data. Results obtained herein demonstrate that the underlying adhesion mechanisms depend strongly on the molecular weight of the sprayed particles. It is also shown that although the plastic deformation and shear instability are still the primary bond formation mechanisms, the molecular-weight-dependent fracture of the sprayed glassy polymers is also a considerable phenomenon capable of significantly affecting the deposition process, especially in cases involving the cold spray of soft thermoplastics on hard substrates. The strong interplay between molecular-weight-dependent plastic yielding and fracture in the examined system emphasizes the importance of molecular weight as a critical variable in the cold spray of glassy polymers, also highlighting the possibility of process optimization by proper feedstock selection.

Obtaining strain-rate dependent traction-separation law parameters of epoxy adhesive joints and predicting fracture for dissimilar bonding adherends

This study investigated the mode I fracture behavior of double cantilever beam (DCB) epoxy adhesive joints with similar adherends on the both sides (i.e., aluminum-aluminum or copper-copper) at different strain rates; i.e., quasi-static (∼10 −3 s −1 ), low (∼7 s −1 ) and intermediate (∼14 s −1 ) rates. The fracture energy of the DCB joint in Al-adhesive-Al specimens decreased (i.e., by ∼62%, p = 0.0013) with an increase in the applied strain rate from quasi-static to low values, while it remained almost unchanged with further increase of stain rate to intermediate range (p > 0.05). For Cu-adhesive-Cu cases, however, the fracture energy was found to be almost insensitive to the applied strain rate over the range tested (p > 0.05). A cohesive zone model (CZM) was built and strain-rate dependent parameters of traction-separation (TS) law were obtained. These parameters were then used to predict the fracture of epoxy adhesive joints bonded with dissimilar substrates (i.e., copper-aluminum). Predicted fracture loads of the Cu-adhesive-Al cases obtained from the stain-rate dependent model were in reasonable agreement with measured forces (i.e., from ∼0 to 24%) at a given strain rate. Therefore, once TS law parameters for Al-adhesive and Cu-adhesive interfaces were determined, the CZM could predict the fracture of the joint bonded with Al and Cu on its sides. • Fracture tests were performed on 5 cm long, 250 μm thick epoxy adhesive joints at different strain rates. • Fracture energy of the Al–Al joints decreased significantly by increasing strain rate from quasi-static to low values. • By increase in the strain rate, J ci of Cu–Cu joints did not change significantly. • TS law parameters of Al–Al and Cu–Cu joints were determined by a CZM. • Fracture of Cu–Al joints were predicted using TS law parameters in a CZM at various strain rates.

Endogenous microenvironmental engineering through targeted alteration of salt bridge network can effectively regulate enzymatic pH adaptation

For a multi-enzyme cascade system, reconciling all enzymes under optimal catalytic conditions is key to improving pathway throughput. However, changing the enzymatic pH adaptation has long been a difficult challenge. To develop an effective and versatile method to alter enzymatic pH adaptation, we investigated members of the PfkB family. We found that one enzyme of this family has markedly different environmental pH requirements when phosphorylating dissimilar substrates, called pH promiscuity. Experiments proved that such promiscuity is a property of the enzyme itself rather than caused by the diversity of physicochemical properties of the substrate. Ancestral sequence reconstruction showed that the ancestral PfkB family enzymes also possessed pH promiscuity. We hypothesized that the pH of the enzyme might be an evolutionarily relevant feature and those regions directly affecting the pH could be found in the amino acid sequence. Sequences analysis revealed a region that was highly variable across genera but relatively conserved within the same genus. The results showed that direct changes in a few amino acids in this region could significantly alter the pH adaptation and optimal pH of the engineered enzymes without affecting the function. Structural analysis indicated that the optimal pH value and pH adaptation of the enzyme may be influenced by changes in the salt bridge network in the pH-affecting region. This leads to the proposal of engineering enzymatic pH adaptation by changing the salt bridge network around the active site. Finally, based on the same strategy, we successfully modified the pH adaptation of an enzyme not related to the PfkB function. Our work should provide an ingenious strategy for the engineering of enzymatic pH adaptation.

Influence of cyclic aging on adhesive mode mixity in dissimilar composite/metal double cantilever beam joints

The adhesive layer in the adhesive joints can experience different modes of loading. Although the fracture energy of adhesive is generally considered to be a material parameter, it is found to be a function of the joint configuration too. Thus, to accurately simulate the behaviour of bonded joints, it is recommended to obtain the fracture energy of the joints using the same substrate(s) as in real applications. In some applications, it is necessary to join dissimilar substrates using adhesives. However, for pure mode fracture tests it is essential to reach the desired loading mode even in a dissimilar joint. Not only the joint configuration but also the environmental conditions need to be considered in fracture tests. In this condition, due to the aging, the stiffness of substrates and adhesive layer might change, and as a result, the adhesive may experience a mixed-mode loading condition. The current study aims to investigate the variation of the mode mixity for dissimilar double cantilever beam adhesive joints with composite/metal substrates subjected to cyclic aging. At different stages of the aging cycles, the mode mixity was calculated during the test using displacement fields obtained by digital image correlation and based on the Williams series expansion. In addition, the variation of flexural stiffness of polymer matrix composite substrates after cyclic aging was investigated using a three-point bending test Finally, based on the variation of composite substrate flexural stiffness and using the finite element method, the variation of the mode-mixity ratio was calculated numerically and compared to the experimental results. The obtained results show that during the cyclic aging the moisture diffusion decreases flexural stiffness of polymer matrix composite substrates significantly, but the variation of substrate flexural stiffness deviates the mode mixity in the aged double cantilever beam specimens.

Bonding of composite parts: advantages and benefits of Structural Adhesives and Self-adhesive Tapes

The bonding process of composite materials is a challenging method in growing markets like Transportation and Construction. Differents methods exist today for the assembly of composite materials: mechanical fixing, ultrasonic welding, structural adhesives and acrylic foam tapes. Each method has its own advantages and drawbacks, but bonding with structural adhesives or acrylic foam tapes offer important benefits compared to mechanical assemblies. Adhesives and tapes allow to bond dissimilar substrates while keeping mechanical performance and improving aesthetics of composite materials. The Transportation market is leading the increasing demand of composite materials and design engineers look for detailed information on bonding methods and the performance of adhesives for the designed vehicles: mechanical and vibrations resistance, tenacity and elasticity, durability and capability to withstand extreme conditions. Design engineers require more than a bonding solution, they need technology partners like 3M providing technical support for project development, materials and adhesives testing, and process consultants for the optimization and automation of bonding processes. Los ingenieros quieren algo más que una solución adhesiva, y buscan socios tecnológicos como 3M. The purpose of this article is to create awareness on 3M new adhesive and tape technologies for multi-material bonding integrating a composite material. Assembly types and solutions allow to find the best adhesive technology for optimal bond design and manufacturing process.

Holocene dust dynamics archives in archaeological ruins in arid and semi-arid environments in the Southern Levant

Ruins of archaeological structures, mainly dating to the Bronze Age till Byzantine period, were investigated in a case study in the Petra region in southern Jordan and in the northern Negev desert in Israel. They are covered by post-abandonment debris sediments which provided the parent material of initial soils now developed on the ruins. Such debris sediments have so far rarely been studied although they likely contain a significant aeolian dust fraction because structures and wall remains may act as effective dust traps. We analyzed different types of archaeological structures: cult sites on hilltops, runoff-irrigated terraces on slopes, and cisterns including associated cleanout mounds. As well, we collected current aeolian sediments in nearby dry marble dust traps. It was expected that the various ruins and location types would matter for sediment properties, but substrate composition in all investigated structures was similar. This suggests that most of the fine fractions of the debris material were primarily supplied by wind whereas fluvial processes only re-distributed aeolian sediments. A major aeolian contribution from local weathered rocks could be observed in the Petra region, but not in the Negev, which seems connected with the geology. In situ pedogenesis in both investigation regions is negligible. The ruins seem to act as current dust collectors, but their sediments cannot directly be compared with the material collected in nearby dry marble dust traps. Analogies to different types of collectors for aeolian sediments can be made: depending on design, dust traps gather aeolian material differently. Standard dry marble dust collectors are characterized by similar size of settling dust samples as compared to average aeolian deposition in the ruins, but are of dissimilar substrate composition with regard to particle size distribution and contents of major and trace elements. Sediments in the archaeological structures in southern Jordan show finer textures and higher contents of most major and trace elements which may indicate preferential fixation of silt and clay against sand in the ruins, whereas sediments in dry marble dust collectors in Jordan are relatively depleted in silt and clay. This could be due to crusts and clast covers because the studied archaeological hilltop structures were found covered by surface crusts and pavements of stones and pottery sherds. These may mirror the effect of desert pavements. In addition, current dust samples suggest that precipitation during aeolian sedimentation, in particular in case of snow, is connected with enhanced deposition of (possibly clay-coated) silt. Sediments in the archaeological structures include material from remote and local sources as well as from “recycled” paleosols. Average hilltop dust accretion rates were calculated as ~ 0.14 mm/year, which is in good agreement with results from dry marble dust collectors. They exceed rates calculated for Pleistocene hilltop loess in the Negev. This seems due to enhanced dust fixation in the archaeological ruins as compared to natural Negev loess soils, underlining a so far rarely considered but important role of sediment fixation mechanisms.

Heterogeneous integration of single-crystalline rutile nanomembranes with steep phase transition on silicon substrates

Unrestricted integration of single-crystal oxide films on arbitrary substrates has been of great interest to exploit emerging phenomena from transition metal oxides for practical applications. Here, we demonstrate the release and transfer of a freestanding single-crystalline rutile oxide nanomembranes to serve as an epitaxial template for heterogeneous integration of correlated oxides on dissimilar substrates. By selective oxidation and dissolution of sacrificial VO2 buffer layers from TiO2/VO2/TiO2 by H2O2, millimeter-size TiO2 single-crystalline layers are integrated on silicon without any deterioration. After subsequent VO2 epitaxial growth on the transferred TiO2 nanomembranes, we create artificial single-crystalline oxide/Si heterostructures with excellent sharpness of metal-insulator transition (triangle rho /rho > 103) even in ultrathin (<10 nm) VO2 films that are not achievable via direct growth on Si. This discovery offers a synthetic strategy to release the new single-crystalline oxide nanomembranes and an integration scheme to exploit emergent functionality from epitaxial oxide heterostructures in mature silicon devices.

The Detachment of an Inclined Micro-Pillar Adhered to a Dissimilar Substrate

Abstract We investigate the mechanics of the detachment of an inclined micro-pillar adhered to a dissimilar substrate when subjected to a combination of an axial load and end moment. When the micro-pillar has adhered to the substrate, singular stress fields exist at the bi-material corners. The order of singularity is estimated using asymptotic analysis. The first two terms in the asymptotic expansion lead to singular stress fields. The magnitude of the singularity is evaluated in terms of the elastic mismatch between the pillar and substrate and the micro-pillar inclination. The asymptotic stress due to the moment loading is more sensitive to the micro-pillar inclination when compared to that due to the axial loading. They are insensitive to the micro-pillar inclination when the micro-pillar is rigid when compared to the substrate. A short interfacial crack is further assumed to exist at the bi-material corner. This crack is embedded in the corner singularity region and is loaded by the singular fields due to axial and bending loads. A boundary layer analysis is performed on the singular zone to estimate the stress intensity factor when a short crack embedded in it is subjected to the singular fields. The stress intensity factors are also calculated for a long interfacial crack at the bi-material corner, which extends beyond the singular zone. By using the aforementioned results, we investigate the detachment of the inclined micro-pillar under the combination of an axial load and end moment.

Numerical Investigation of Deposition Characteristics of PLA on an ABS Plate Using a Material Extrusion Process.

Three-dimensional prototypes and final products are commonly fabricated using the material extrusion (ME) process in additive manufacturing applications. However, these prototypes and products are limited to a single material using the ME process due to technical challenges. Deposition of plastic on another dissimilar plastic substrate requires proper control of printing temperature during an ME process due to differences in melting temperatures of dissimilar plastics. In this paper, deposition of PLA filament on an ABS substrate during an ME process is investigated using finite element analysis. A heat transfer finite element (FE) model for the extrusion process is proposed to estimate the parameters of the ME machine for the formulation of a heat flux model. The effects of printing temperature and the stand-off distance on temperature distributions are investigated using the proposed FE model for the extrusion process. The heat flux model is implemented in a proposed heat transfer FE model of single bead deposition of PLA on an ABS plate. From this FE model of deposition, temperature histories during the ME deposition process are estimated. The results of temperature histories are compared with experiments. Using the calibrated FE model, a proper heating temperature of ABS for deposition of PLA is evaluated.