Dissimilar Approaches Research Articles

Pd(PPh3)4 Catalyzed Synthesis of Indazole Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Drug

A series of 3-aryl indazoles and 1-methyl-3-aryl indazole derivatives are prepared with exceptional yields by coupling with several arylboronic acids and methylation by two dissimilar approaches. The as-prepared indazole derivatives (3a–3j) and their N-methyl derivatives (5a–5j) are evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against two cancer cell lines, HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231. The results reveal that the indazole derivatives tested display mild to moderate anticancer activities against the cell lines tested.

Brain Tumor Classification and Segmentation Based on Morphological Operations using Image Processing Techniques

Brain Tumour is the solitary cause for the assassination of many individuals. A brain tumour is an accretion or widening of isolated cells in your brain. It can be identified by several tests like MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), CT (Computer Tomography) scan along with several tests like biopsy, spinal tap etc. Classification and Segmentation activity take part a significant role in interpretation of brain tumours. In this paper the images should be taken in the form of jpeg format. The images are processed using data mining and machine learning classification methods. Previous research studies are intended as long as identifying brain tumours using dissimilar classification and segmentation approaches. The initiated system consists of certain process for recognition of the tumour. The first step is about Pre-processing and the next is about segmentation, Feature extraction is the third step in this process and Classification is used to detect the tumour. Morphological Operations are performed in this process based on the tumour size, shape and colour. Neural Network is used for classification along with -Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are worn for structured recognition. Due to this we can reduce the inappropriate or false diagnosis error rate of brain tumour identification for the patients and also, we can get faster and accurate results.

Unsupervised modeling anomaly detection in discussion forums posts using global vectors for text representation

AbstractAnomaly detection can be seen as an unsupervised learning task in which a predictive model created on historical data is used to detect outlying instances in new data. This work addresses possibly promising but relatively uncommon application of anomaly detection to text data. Two English-language and one Polish-language Internet discussion forums devoted to psychoactive substances received from home-grown plants, such as hashish or marijuana, serve as text sources that are both realistic and possibly interesting on their own, due to potential associations with drug-related crime. The utility of two different vector text representations is examined: the simple bag of words representation and a more refined Global Vectors (GloVe) representation, which is an example of the increasingly popular word embedding approach. They are both combined with two unsupervised anomaly detection methods, based on one-class support vector machines (SVM) and based on dissimilarity to k-medoids clusters. The GloVe representation is found definitely more useful for anomaly detection, permitting better detection quality and ameliorating the curse of dimensionality issues with text clustering. The cluster dissimilarity approach combined with this representation outperforms one-class SVM with respect to detection quality and appears a more promising approach to anomaly detection in text data.

Uneasy Landscapes

This article offers an unprecedented close reading of the poetic texts created by the Martinican author René Ménil, whose poetry has been almost entirely neglected by scholars to date and who is better known for his philosophical and political writings than for his verse. I pay particular attention to Ménil’s treatment of geographical and cultural spaces in his published poetry from 1932 to 1950, and place that verse in dialogue with a text by another Martinican author at work around this period: Edouard Glissant, and his first poetry collection, Un champ d’îles (1952). Despite their otherwise dissimilar literary approaches, I show how both Ménil and Glissant created verse in these years where landscapes shift unpredictably, where human subjects are often overwhelmed, and where bewildering, vertiginous contact between Europe and the Caribbean is emphasized. This stands in contrast to more descriptive or directly political depictions of local nature created by other Afro-Caribbean poets during the period, and, I argue, underscores the complexities of the unsettling encounters between places and peoples occurring with increasing frequency in these years of rapid change around the Second World War.

Heritage Management. The Natural and Cultural Divide

In 2005, David Lowenthal commented on the dissimilar approaches to natural and cultural heritage and how these differences impact the protection and management of these heritages. His analysis touches on the western European perceptions of nature and culture that go back to the Age of Enlightenment. In his article, the motivation for safeguarding heritage stands out, as nature conservationists emphasize the long-term economic or ecological benefits, while cultural heritage managers point towards cultural or aesthetic benefits (Lowenthal 2005: 87). Others have made similar statements, some eight years later, calling the divide between the domains a fundamental error (Renes 2013; Harrison 2013).

Multi‐exposure image fusion technique using multi‐resolution blending

This study proposes a multi-exposure image fusion (MEF) technique that takes multi-exposure input images and produces a high-quality output image without any artefacts. The proposed technique consists of four steps. In the first step, three quality measures (contrast, saturation, and well exposedness) are measured. Secondly, the colour dissimilarity approach is used to detect moving objects. Thirdly, the authors calculate the weight maps using three quality measures (contrast, saturation, and well exposedness) and colour dissimilarity feature. Finally, the fused image is generated using the multi-resolution blending utilising pyramid decomposition. The vital advantage of the proposed technique is that it blends the multi-exposure images very well and avoids the seams effectively. The method can be used for consumer cameras as the presented technique is quite fast. Experimental results prove that the proposed method produces high dynamic range images without ghost artefacts. Furthermore, the comparison, objectively and subjectively, of the proposed technique in terms of mutual information, MEF structural similarity index, and natural image quality evaluator, with state-of-the-art techniques, shows significant improvement of the proposed scheme over existing techniques.

The dissimilarity approach: a review

Dissimilarity representation is a very interesting alternative for the traditional feature space representation when addressing large multi-class problems or even problems with a small number of training samples. This paper describes the existing possibilities in terms of dissimilarity representation through some comprehensive examples. The justification for using such a problem representation strategy is discussed, followed by a complete review of the state-of-art and a critical analysis in which the original purpose of the dissimilarity representation and its perspectives are discussed. Dissimilarity space derived from automatically learned features and the possibility of transiting from one space to another when performing the tasks of the classification process are good examples of promising research directions in this field.

The Relative Impact of Ice Fall Speeds and Microphysics Parameterization Complexity on Supercell Evolution

Abstract The use of bin or bulk microphysics schemes in model simulations frequently produces large changes in the simulated storm and precipitation characteristics, but it is still unclear which aspects of these schemes give rise to these changes. In this study, supercell simulations using either a bin or a double-moment bulk microphysics scheme are conducted with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The two simulations produce very different storm morphologies. An additional simulation is run for each scheme in which the diameter–fall speed relationships for ice hydrometeors are modified to be similar to those used by the other scheme. When fall speed relationships are homogenized, the two parameterization schemes simulate similar storm morphology. Therefore, despite the use of largely dissimilar approaches to parameterizing microphysics, the difference in storm morphology is found to be related to the choice of diameter–fall speed relationships for ice hydrometeors. This result is investigated further to understand why. Higher fall speeds lead to higher mixing ratios of hydrometeors at low levels and thus more melting. Consequently, stronger downdrafts and cold pools exist in the high fall speed storms, and these stronger cold pools lead to storm splitting and the intensification of a left mover. The results point to the importance of hydrometeor fall speed on the evolution of supercells. It is also suggested that caution be used when comparing the response of a cloud model to different classes of microphysics schemes since the assumptions made by the schemes may be more important than the scheme class itself.

Concretes Resistance of Yam a Great Persistence

Today all distinguish the position of earthquake withstanding of constructions in seismic-vulnerable zones. With respect to this opinion that current concrete constructions are usually considered and constructed depend on earliest rules lacking examining the result of seismic powers and the novel rules don’t guess any shake, so, these structures must be persistence capability. Investigation on standards of HPFRCC substantial as one of the most appropriate limited persistence approaches of concrete constructions member has a distinct ineffectiveness. we can apply dissimilar approaches to maintenance destroyed concrete structures by the seismic or to complete shake persistance of current concrete structures. There are two procedures of applying steel sheets and FRP sheets for concrete memberships reinforcement or renovation. Each of these two approaches is comprehension of these resources with concrete and absence of organization in their way and features. First scholars have exposed that the recent HPFRCC substantial that mostly is a concrete with a high persistance with steel, glass, aramid and carbon yam has a appropriate interactive organization with concrete and can rise concrete persistance frame the opinion of assessment of bending and portional as these two other constituents. In this paper, we attempt to compare concretes which one consist of above yam frame the point of opinion of pressure and tonsorial persistance to make concrete sheets with high persistance entirely, that at last easy’s receptacle of steel sheets had improved consequences of pressure and tonsorial persistance to generate these sheets into other models.

Phylogenetic delineation of regional biota: A case study of the Chinese flora

Biogeographical regionalization schemes have traditionally been constructed based on taxonomic endemism of families, genera, and/or species, and rarely incorporated the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. However, phylogenetic relationships are important for understanding historical connections within and among biogeographical regions. Phylogeny-based delineation of biota is a burgeoning and fruitful field that is expected to provide novel insights into the conservation of regional diversity and the evolutionary history of biota. Using the Chinese flora as an example, we compared regionalization schemes that were based on: (1) taxonomic endemism, (2) taxonomic dissimilarity, and (3) phylogenetic dissimilarity. Our results revealed general consistency among different regionalization schemes and demonstrated that the phylogenetic dissimilarity approach is preferable for biogeographical regionalization studies. Using the phylogenetic dissimilarity approach, we identified five phytogeographical regions within China: the Paleotropic, Holarctic, East Asiatic, Tethyan, and Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Regions. The relationship of these regions was inferred to be: (Paleotropic, ((East Asiatic + Holarctic) + (Tethyan + Qinghai–Tibet Plateau)).

Implementation of Hybrid Approach for Intrusion Detection in Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing is a very fast growing technology that offer novel service to the Information Technology domain. With the help of cloud computing will reduce the infrastructure maintenance cost. The probability of having numerous types of vulnerabilities beginning attacks is high. In this paper we study and analysis dissimilar approach of an intrusion detection system that has been utilize to counter malicious attacks in Cloud computing environment. In this paper we implementation of hybrid approach for intrusion detection in cloud computing environment. The proposed approach based on ANN with fuzzy logic based Hybrid IDS, to which is additional proficient than the traditional IDS (Intrusion Detection System).

A comprehensive review of barriers to a functional Zakat system in Nigeria

Purpose Muslims in Nigeria, like in many Muslim-majority countries, are striving to have a functional Zakat system in search of solutions to the perennial problem of poverty and its damning consequences. Nevertheless, there are still unsettled concerns arising from the current and widespread implementation of dissimilar (diverse) approaches to the Zakat system in various parts of the country. The purpose of this paper is to review comprehensively what are the hindrances of a vibrant Zakat system and how far the identified impediments may affect the system in the Nigerian context. Design/methodology/approach The methodology adopted is the review of extant relevant literature in the field of scholarly publications. Findings The findings of this study revealed that the fragmented implementation of the Zakat system within the context of the Nigerian democratic system of government lead to the weak governance with respect to law, administration and management; lack of a generally accepted fatwa from the Muslims scholars (Ulamas); absence of Zakat accounting standard; and low compliance behavior are the major barriers that require the attention of government and other stakeholders such as the traditional leaders, the accounting regulatory bodies, the Ulamas, as well as the economic and accounting researchers. Practical implications It was recommended that the stakeholders should make concerted efforts toward ensuring success of the Zakat system for attaining salvation in the hereafter and for social security, as well as economic prosperity. Originality/value The paper is the first paper that comprehensively reviews previous literature in the Zakat environment on factors that become barriers to implement a comprehensive Zakat system in Nigeria.

A Weighted Least-Square Dissimilarity Approach for Multiple Criteria ABC Inventory Classification

The present paper develops a weighted least-square dissimilarity approach to address the Multiple Criteria ABC inventory classification problem, when the different criteria ranking makes impossible to achieve a group consensus. The proposed approach effectively eliminates drawbacks regarding subjective judgements of multiple decision makers on the criteria importance, and comprehensively aggregates all rankings of the criteria importance to provide a more reasonable and effective classification mechanism. The common weights associated with all rankings are determined. An illustrative example is presented to compare the performance of our approach with the existing studies.

Dissimilar Approach to Management Education

In the modern scope of teaching in higher education courses, there are frequent tutorial shifts in providing contents to the students. The most noteworthy changes include increased expression on current teaching approaches, introduction of new teaching strategies, increased emphasis on the strategy and delivery/presentation of courses, organization of classes, conscientious contents and analysis, more self-learning space in teams, increase in assurance about learning and sharing, and a more student-centered approach towards teaching (Donnelly, 2008). The relationship between the higher teaching skills and course experiences of students demonstrates the effectiveness of applied learning. It is observed that self-determined student impetus along with teacher autonomy provides greater satisfaction to students, which leads to widespread learning, better course grades and higher teacher-course evaluations.

Risk and Reputation: Obstetricians, Cesareans, and Consent.

When physicians performed cesarean sections in the nineteenth century, they customarily sought agreement from all present before proceeding. In contrast, after the introduction of electronic fetal monitoring in the late 1960s, obstetricians obtained permission for a cesarean by offering a choice that ensured consent-give birth by cesarean or give birth vaginally to a damaged or dead baby. This article argues that the manner in which physicians obtained consent for cesareans in the nineteenth century was one factor that kept the cesarean rate low, while the manner in which physicians obtained consent in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries was one factor driving up the cesarean rate. The dissimilar approaches to consent did serve a common purpose, however. Each preserved physicians' reputations. With the surgery likely to end in a woman's death in the nineteenth century, consensus ensured that a bad outcome would be a shared burden. And because the fetal monitor, in exaggerating the risks of vaginal birth, changed the nature of the malpractice climate for obstetricians, the late-twentieth-century approach to consent similarly protected physicians. As one early twenty-first-century obstetrician quipped, "You don't get sued for doing a C-section. You get sued for not doing a C-section."

Delineation of peatland lagg boundaries from airborne LiDAR

AbstractIn Canada, peatlands are the most common type of wetland, but boundary delineation in peatland complexes has received little attention in the scientific literature. Typically, peatland boundaries are mapped as crisp, absolute features, and the transitional lagg zone—the ecotone found between a raised bog and the surrounding mineral land—is often overlooked. In this study, we aim (1) to advance existing approaches for detecting and locating laggs and lagg boundaries using airborne LiDAR surveys and (2) to describe the spatial distribution of laggs around raised bog peatlands. Two contrasting spatial analytical approaches for lagg detection were tested using five LiDAR‐derived topographic and vegetation indices: topography, vegetation height, topographic wetness index, the standard deviation of the vegetation's height (as a proxy for the complexity of the vegetation's structure), and local indices of elevation variance. Using a dissimilarity approach (edge‐detection, split‐moving window analysis), no one variable accurately depicted both the lagg‐mineral land and bog‐lagg boundaries. Some indicators were better at predicting the bog‐lagg boundary (i.e., vegetation height) and others at finding the lagg‐mineral land boundary (i.e., topography). Dissimilarity analysis reinforces the usefulness of derived variables (e.g., wetness indices) in locating laggs, especially for those with weak topographic and vegetation gradients. When the lagg was confined between the bog and the adjacent upland, it took a linear form, parallel to the peatland's edge and was easier to predict. When the adjacent mineral land was flat or sloping away from the peatland, the lagg was discontinuous and intermittent and more difficult to predict.

Two dissimilar approaches to dynamical systems on hyper MV -algebras and their information entropy

Measuring the flow of information that is related to the evolution of a system which is modeled by applying a mathematical structure is of capital significance for science and usually for mathematics itself. Regarding this fact, a major issue in concern with hyperstructures is their dynamics and the complexity of the varied possible dynamics that exist over them. Notably, the dynamics and uncertainty of hyper MV -algebras which are hyperstructures and extensions of a central tool in infinite-valued Lukasiewicz propositional calculus that models many valued logics are of primary concern. Tackling this problem, in this paper we focus on the subject of dynamical systems on hyper MV -algebras and their entropy. In this respect, we adopt two varied approaches. One is the set-based approach in which hyper MV -algebra dynamical systems are developed by employing set functions and set partitions. By the other method that is based on points and point partitions, we establish the concept of hyper injective dynamical systems on hyper MV -algebras. Next, we study the notion of entropy for both kinds of systems. Furthermore, we consider essential ergodic characteristics of those systems and their entropy. In particular, we introduce the concept of isomorphic hyper injective and hyper MV -algebra dynamical systems, and we demonstrate that isomorphic systems have the same entropy. We present a couple of theorems in order to help calculate entropy. In particular, we prove a contemporary version of addition and Kolmogorov-Sinai Theorems. Furthermore, we provide a comparison between the indispensable properties of hyper injective and semi-independent dynamical systems. Specifically, we present and prove theorems that draw comparisons between the entropies of such systems. Lastly, we discuss some possible relationships between the theories of hyper MV -algebra and MV -algebra dynamical systems.

Musical Harmony in the Xunzi and the Lüshi Chunqiu: Different Implications of Musical Harmony Resulting from Their Dissimilar Approaches to the Concept of Resonance between Sound and Qi

This article discusses two interpretations of musical harmony around the 3rd century BCE based on the Xunzi 荀子 and the Lushi Chunqiu 呂氏春秋 (Annals of Mr. Lu), comparing the concepts of resonance between sound and qi 氣 in each interpretation. The Xunzi supports the moral influence of the sage kings’ music where ethical resonance between sound and bodily qi serves as firm ground for musical harmony begetting social harmony. In contrast, the Lushi Chunqiu advocates the idea of physical resonance between sound and cosmic qi whereby musical harmony acts as a contributor to cosmic harmony. In discussing resonance between sound and qi, the Xunzi restricts its scope to the human realm while the Lushi Chunqiu extends it more broadly to the cosmic realm, which indicates that humans foster cosmic harmony. This broader perspective is an adequate reflection of the germinating idea of a resonant correlation between the human and cosmic realms.

Integrated Care, Competition and Choice - Removing barriers to care coordination in the context of market-oriented governance in Germany and Sweden

Introduction: Many scholars have argued for already more than two decades that integration between health and social care services would be needed to enhance system efficiency, quality of care and users’ quality of life. This has been emphasised worldwide by the implementation and evaluation of countless models, initiatives and innovative practice examples across the health and social care continuum. As the advance of integrated care took place in the context of a pronounced shift towards market-oriented governance – also in health and social care – increasing fragmentation has often been identified as a major barrier to integrated care. While the latter calls for cooperation and partnership working, ‘New Public Management’ is promoting user-choice and competition. Our contribution will address this most puzzling dilemma: How compatible (if at all) is integrated health and long-term care delivery with increasingly fragmented provider markets stimulating user choice in a competitive environment?Theory and Methods: The contribution is based on a mixed-methods study commissioned by the Swedish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. In 2014/15, a literature review and three case studies in Germany (Dortmund, Leipzig) and Sweden (Norrtälje, Stockholm County) were carried out, involving 19 key-stakeholders that were interviewed following a semi-structured questionnaire.The two countries were chosen for comparison to contrast the most pronounced open market for care services in Europe (Germany) with Sweden, where the market share of private providers is growing and where the ‘customer choice’ model has only been introduced since 2008.The innovative feature of this research consists in bringing together the two strands of theoretical discourse that are dealing with market-oriented governance and with integrated care, and to provide empirical evidence how integrated care initiatives are coping with the challenges of choice and competition.Theoretical considerations range from reflections on introducing elements of user choice in integrated care to contributions that put trust in integration as a response to a competitive environment and/or competition as an incentive for integrated care, in particular if new types of integrated funding are implemented.Results: Each of the three sites are ‘special cases’ within their respective national context. The municipality of Norrtälje (Stockholm County) had realised a defined model of integrated care, including joint health and social care budgets, before introducing a regulated extension of providers and ‘user choice’. Regulation and strong leadership were thus used as key-instruments to reconcile integrated care provision and user choice. Stakeholders in the German sites reacted to the open market by searching for strategies to promote coordination and networking. This implied developing mechanisms to re-create trust between public, non-profit and for-profit providers, e.g. ‘Round Tables’, as well as instruments to empower users’ choice in the neighbourhood (coordination and consultancy centres, case management). In some cases, thematic and/or provider networks were established to coordinate stakeholders and to moderate competition, e.g. by defining operational areas.Discussion: The findings showed a nuanced picture related to the conciliation of integrated care, choice and competition. The majority of key-stakeholders underlined opportunities to achieve integrated, or at least coordinated care in a context of user choice and competition. Especially in Germany user choice has been internalised as a de facto right of users. Integrated care initiatives are therefore forced to cope with it, in some cases they even were a reaction to this framework condition. In Norrtälje, competition and user choice became a new challenge for an already established integrated care model, but regulatory interventions were partly able to mitigate uprising fragmentation. Interestingly, instruments to better support and empower users to make choices have not (yet) been on the agenda in Sweden, while financial integration of health and long-term care budgets remains foreign to German stakeholders.Conclusion: The study showed that it is possible to build common values and to enhance trust and joint working through quite dissimilar approaches to integrated care. Full integration such as in Norrtälje is not the only way to achieve (better) collaboration. While there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution, sufficient time and space are necessary to find common grounds. In all sites it took several years to develop ways of cooperation and mutual understanding. Short-term projects of integrated care can thus hardly be successful, though competition and customer choice may accelerate the search for solutions.

Integrative approach for inference of gene regulatory networks using lasso-based random featuring and application to psychiatric disorders.

BackgroundInferring gene regulatory networks is one of the most interesting research areas in the systems biology. Many inference methods have been developed by using a variety of computational models and approaches. However, there are two issues to solve. First, depending on the structural or computational model of inference method, the results tend to be inconsistent due to innately different advantages and limitations of the methods. Therefore the combination of dissimilar approaches is demanded as an alternative way in order to overcome the limitations of standalone methods through complementary integration. Second, sparse linear regression that is penalized by the regularization parameter (lasso) and bootstrapping-based sparse linear regression methods were suggested in state of the art methods for network inference but they are not effective for a small sample size data and also a true regulator could be missed if the target gene is strongly affected by an indirect regulator with high correlation or another true regulator.ResultsWe present two novel network inference methods based on the integration of three different criteria, (i) z-score to measure the variation of gene expression from knockout data, (ii) mutual information for the dependency between two genes, and (iii) linear regression-based feature selection.Based on these criterion, we propose a lasso-based random feature selection algorithm (LARF) to achieve better performance overcoming the limitations of bootstrapping as mentioned above.ConclusionsIn this work, there are three main contributions. First, our z score-based method to measure gene expression variations from knockout data is more effective than similar criteria of related works. Second, we confirmed that the true regulator selection can be effectively improved by LARF. Lastly, we verified that an integrative approach can clearly outperform a single method when two different methods are effectively jointed. In the experiments, our methods were validated by outperforming the state of the art methods on DREAM challenge data, and then LARF was applied to inferences of gene regulatory network associated with psychiatric disorders.