Disposal Of Buildings Research Articles

Fabbriche di mattoni - fabbriche di cultura. La riconversione di forni Hoffmann sul litorale abruzzese e laziale

The introduction of Hoffmann kiln was a crucial turning point for the advance in bricks production techniques. The development of typological features of this kind of factory involved a high level of specialization of its spaces, but it led also to a lowered interior flexibility that makes particularly difficult its re-use after the building disposal. The possible balance between needs of conservation and building recovery of this industrial heritage is the main topic of a research that includes the listing of Hoffmann kilns in some areas of the Central Italy, the development of a proper operational methodology and its validation on two case studies located on the coasts of Abruzzo and Lazio regions and used as new cultural incubators.

SUBJECT AREA OF DISMANTLING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES AND BACKGROUND FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

Problem statement. The paper is devoted to the design of dismantling and disposal of buildings and structures. Demolition is considered as an exceptional measure related to urban planning and other objective circumstances, aimed at renovation and improving the efficiency of the use of territories. It is shown that the problem of renewal, transformation and strategic development of territories is a continuous process. It is associated primarily with changes in knowledge, technology, the emergence of new materials and capabilities, as well as a new understanding of the quality of the environment. Purpose of the article. Perform an analysis of literary sources on the research topic, form a systematic understanding of the accumulated knowledge in the field of dismantling and liquidation of buildings and structures, and formulate the prerequisites for further research. The object of the study is to design processes for the stage of decommissioning and liquidation of buildings and structures. Subject of study. Methodological provisions, tools and actions related to ensuring the efficiency and safety of dismantling and liquidation of buildings and structures. It is shown that all scientific work in this area can be combined into three areas: design of buildings and structures for dismantling; dismantling of buildings and structures; utilization of structures of buildings and structures. The effectiveness of designing a building for dismantling is associated, first of all, with the modeling of structural schemes of buildings that provide a high degree of transformation and deconstruction. With buildings originally designed for deconstruction, many more materials can be successfully recovered for reuse. This provides significant economic and environmental benefits. The dismantling of buildings and structures is presented in scientific publications by works on the practical application of various demolition technologies and methods. When designing technologies and making major decisions on the dismantling and destruction of building elements, special emphasis is placed on the controllability, safety and efficiency of the process. The performed research allowed to form a systematic understanding of the subject area of ​​dismantling buildings and structures. It is shown that the problem of demolition is a multifaceted, multifunctional, interdisciplinary problem. Its solution will require the efforts and coordination of many specialists from different fields and professions. The design of the dismantling/demolition of buildings and structures will require additional research and technological capabilities of BIM. The demolition technologies and methods discussed in the publications, and their application, do not have sufficient justification. They do not provide an objective view or useful guidelines for design. They are particular examples, and regularities, as you know, are manifested in mass phenomena. According to the authors, it is necessary to continue research in terms of generalizing experience, searching for patterns, creating tools and procedures based on them to justify decision-making. It is proposed, for a better understanding of the problem and the search for opportunities to solve it: 
 − to form a set of representative objects based on implemented projects; 
 − to form databases on representative objects regarding the features of the objects and the characteristic features of the decisions made; 
 − determine the most important features of the object and features of the site conditions that determine the quality of decisions made; 
 − develop technological means of accumulating, storing and searching for relevant documents, possible alternative solutions; 
 − propose a mechanism for comparing alternatives and choosing a final solution. 
 The solution of these tasks will allow the development teams, the customer and all interested parties to make effective and safe decisions on the demolition and dismantling of buildings and structures promptly, most importantly, objectively, reasonably and convincingly.

Investigation of heat loss of nodal connections of structures of energy -efficient "green" buildings

The construction industry is the main consumer of natural resources, characterized by significant consumption of non-renewable resources and the impact on environmental pollution. Up to 50% of carbon dioxide emissions are accounted for by the construction industry. In addition, the main feature of the traditional construction industry is the overuse of energy, which affects the process of global warming and climate change. Energy is consumed in the extraction of raw materials, production and transportation of materials, in the process of construction, operation, repair and liquidation of buildings. Awareness of global environmental problems has led to a rethinking of the process of design, construction, operation and disposal of buildings in the European Union, the United States, Canada and others and the emergence of the concept of sustainable development and "green" construction. In this aspect, the main criteria for designing buildings are to minimize the impact on the environment, as well as reduce energy costs, reduce waste and harmful emissions.
 The solution of the above problems, taking into account national specifics, can be achieved by developing typical resource- and energy-efficient, cost-effective design solutions for load-bearing and enclosing elements and their joints using environmentally friendly materials of local origin (wood and materials based on it, clay materials, straw, reeds, etc.

PROCEDURE, RULES FOR OBTAINING AND PROCESSING DOCUMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION

The resolution of many disputable situations that occur during the construction and operation of buildings and structures is carried out in court by the appointment of a forensic construction and technical expertise. As result of the activity of forensic examination, there is a need to study the design and estimate documentation, determine the types, scope, quality and cost of construction and repair work performed; establishing compliance of their characteristics with the requirements of special codes and rules governing the processes of design, construction, operation, reconstruction during repair, dismantling and disposal of buildings and structures. The objects of research of construction and technical examination are: buildings, structures, engineering and other equipment and documentation to it, in particular, technical passports, inventory; working projects and working documentation; specifications, explanatory notes to the project; conclusions of the state complex examination; local estimates; general information on resources; agreements or contracts; additional agreements; acts of performed contract works; certificates on performed contract works; reports on regulatory write-off of materials; acts of inspection of hidden works; calendar plans or network schedules; work logs; commissioning acts. Carrying out construction and technical expertise in this way there is own characteristics and requires constant improvement of methodology. The expert builder must have a thorough knowledge of the regulatory framework for such work and the procedure for maintaining appropriate documentation to determine the type of construction and repair work. The paper considers the main points of implementation of documents before construction, registration of documentation during construction and documents during the commissioning of the construction object, as well as which regulations provide requirements for their execution.

Моделирование процесса пылеобразования при проведении работ по ликвидации накопленного экологического ущерба

Исследована способность к пылеобразованию различных материалов в условиях, имитирующих проведение работ на объектах накопленного экологического ущерба, в частности, утилизации зданий и сооружений, в которых осуществлялась производственная деятельность, а также реабилитации прилегающих территорий. В связи с тем, что пыль реабилитируемых техногенных объектов может содержать остаточные количества стойких загрязнителей, она представляет реальную опасность для человека, так как даже при их содержании на уровне ПДК могут проявляться так называемые эффекты сверхмалых доз. Изучено распределение образующейся пыли по дисперсности, в том числе с учетом частиц размером менее 5 мкм, которые наиболее активно улавливаются человеком при дыхании и способны проникать в альвеолы легких. Установлено, что для большинства исследованных строительных материалов и видов грунта доля образования пыли с фракцией частиц размером менее 5 мкм достаточно высока, по способности к образованию этой фракции пыли строительные материалы располагаются по возрастанию в следующем ряду: влажный песок, сухой песок, суглинок, сухой кирпич, бетон, асфальт. The ability of dust formation by a variety of materials has been investigated in conditions simulating operational procedures at the objects of accumulated environmental damage, in particular, during disposal of buildings and installations used previously for manufacturing activities as well as in the process of rehabilitation of the surrounding areas. Taking into consideration the fact that the dust formed at the rehabilitated industrial facilities may contain residual amounts of persistent pollutants, this dust can pose a real threat for human health given the fact that even at such pollutants presence at MPC level they can exhibit a so-called ‘ultra-low dose’ effect. We have studied the distribution of generated dust as a function of degree of dispersion, including the particle size smaller than 5 microns which are the most actively caught by human lungs when breathing and which are able to penetrate into the air vesicles. The most kinds of the examined construction materials and types of soil are found to have a high enough level of dust fraction with the particle size smaller than 5 microns. The materials can be placed in the following order basing on their ability to form this fraction of dust (in ascending order): wet sand, dry sand, clay, dry brick, concrete, asphalt.

Legal and Illegal Processes of Building Disposal Under the Vision of Urban Planning

To solve the problem of illegal buildings, laws were used to control illegal buildings from the perspective of urban planning. Illegal buildings were legalized by reissuing relevant procedures. Illegal buildings were confiscated and auctioned. Illegal buildings that endanger public safety were completely removed. Illegal buildings that meet the safety standards were transformed into citizens' affordable housing and other disposal modes. The results showed that China's current laws on the lack of identification of illegal buildings, legal lag, legislative dispersion and many of the problems involved in illegal construction were cross-types. There were both frontier subject issues and ubiquitous issues. Regardless of the extent of the aspects involved, the legal issues of studying illegal building governance have always been the main line and the main tone of social development. Therefore, by perfecting laws and regulations on illegal building management, the administrative enforcement mechanism for illegal buildings is improved and publicity efforts are strengthened. The legal consciousness of the people is enhanced.

The management strategy for government building disposal process in Jakarta

The feasibility of government buildings, especially offices and schools as public service and social infrastructures, must be well maintained. When the building needs to be majorly rehabilitated, the government sometimes has to combine building demolition and deconstruction processes. In the government asset management cycle, the process starts with erasing the asset from the accountancy system, by selecting a building demolition contractor, then producing a new asset by selecting another builder contractor. In the past few years, the duration of this actual process acquired longer than the planned time. Therefore, this research aims to develop a management strategy in order to improve the government building disposal process. The process of the research started with obtaining the dominant factors that influence the demolition and deconstruction process, and then it is continued by developing the strategy.

Exploring Sustainable Development and Its Interpretation in the Built Environment

Building industry is a significant contributor to a majority of environmental issues. Design, construction, operation and disposal of buildings and cities also impact social and economic standards. Building industry’s triple and high interaction with the human development requires professionals within the industry to reevaluate their development approaches. This requires designers such as architects and engineers, as well as the builders to understand the basics of sustainable development and how it has been and can be incorporated into their professions. Many resources in this area focus on the technical aspect of sustainability as an effort to train professionals in sustainable applications. However, sustainability is a more complicated concept that evolves based on time, location, and intent. Thus it is critical for building professionals to evaluate sustainability and sustainable development at a conceptual level, which can allow them to make better decisions in a continuously changing global world. This paper introduces the philosophical concepts behind sustainability in the built environment and specifically focuses on the role of builders, designers, and owners in the implementation of these concepts.

From Mission “Africa Rooms”: Frans M. Olbrechts's Rediscovered African Collection

2a Statue Luba Wood; 47cm x 13.7cm x 11cm (181/2 x 51/4 x 4%) inventory number 59.38.106/213 Collection of the Norbertine Fathers of Averbode 2b profile view S ince the end of the nineteenth century, Belgium sent thousands of fathers, friars, and nuns to what was then the Belgian Congo. They left their home land-some never to return-with the mission to spread the gospel and to create local social ser vices in education or health care. When arriving in Congo, these missionaries were confronted with other cultural expressions and spiritual convictions. Some of them started col lecting objects illustrating the exotic nature of the local mate rial culture and placed them in small local museums in or near the mission institutes or shipped them back to their home coun try. In Belgium, in the convent or monastery of their order or congregation, these objects were often displayed in an Africa room or in a mission museum (Fig. 1). In school buildings of some Catholic institutions, showcases with such objects could be found: These were used as didactic material during lessons about Our Congo' In this way, masks, sculptures, and utensils were often displayed next to minerals, seeds, samples of local crops, or stuffed animals. Bit by bit, pieces were added and the collections grew (organically), some becoming quite large. In some cases, the assembled material presents an almost complete picture of the traditional culture encountered by a religious institution's missionaries. Most of these private collections were unknown to the outside world. Sometimes small expositions (missie-expo's-mission expositions) were organized to raise money for the charitable mission activities of the congregation. On such occasions the of the missions could buy small objects in ivory, ebony, or fancy-work made in the overseas regions. Authentic objects were often presented as interior decor and the masks and statues as expressions of the animistic beliefs of the African pagans the missionaries were confronted with. When relatives or friends visited missionaries in their home convent, monastery, or abbey in Belgium, they usually were shown the local collection. During the second half of the twentieth century, with an increased interest in traditional African art by museums and private collectors, these mission collections were skimmed sys tematically by merchants, searching for authentic ethnographic objects at cheap prices. In addition, with progressive seculariza tion, there has been a noticeable decrease in religious vocation.' This phenomenon has resulted in the closing down of some reli gious institutions, the disposal of buildings, and the reorgani

Utility costs: a survey of Swiss office buildings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the utility costs in Swiss office buildings. Owing to their high amount, as well as from an ecological perspective, the utility costs of a building are a relevant aspect of facility management. Against this backdrop the provision of utilities and waste disposal of buildings must be optimized. Benchmarking is an important instrument in this effort. On the one hand, it requires indictors and on the other, it requires knowledge of how they can be influenced (relevant cost drivers).Design/methodology/approach – A study of the specialist literature revealed, from a theoretical perspective, the relevant drivers of utility costs. Using regression analyses, these drivers are examined on the basis of a set of primary data collected within Switzerland (105 owner‐operated office buildings). In addition, this data set also provided indicators for utility costs.Findings – For the properties surveyed, a utility cost median of CHF 39/m2 usable floor area and year was asc...