SUBJECT AREA OF DISMANTLING BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES AND BACKGROUND FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

Abstract

Problem statement. The paper is devoted to the design of dismantling and disposal of buildings and structures. Demolition is considered as an exceptional measure related to urban planning and other objective circumstances, aimed at renovation and improving the efficiency of the use of territories. It is shown that the problem of renewal, transformation and strategic development of territories is a continuous process. It is associated primarily with changes in knowledge, technology, the emergence of new materials and capabilities, as well as a new understanding of the quality of the environment. Purpose of the article. Perform an analysis of literary sources on the research topic, form a systematic understanding of the accumulated knowledge in the field of dismantling and liquidation of buildings and structures, and formulate the prerequisites for further research. The object of the study is to design processes for the stage of decommissioning and liquidation of buildings and structures. Subject of study. Methodological provisions, tools and actions related to ensuring the efficiency and safety of dismantling and liquidation of buildings and structures. It is shown that all scientific work in this area can be combined into three areas: design of buildings and structures for dismantling; dismantling of buildings and structures; utilization of structures of buildings and structures. The effectiveness of designing a building for dismantling is associated, first of all, with the modeling of structural schemes of buildings that provide a high degree of transformation and deconstruction. With buildings originally designed for deconstruction, many more materials can be successfully recovered for reuse. This provides significant economic and environmental benefits. The dismantling of buildings and structures is presented in scientific publications by works on the practical application of various demolition technologies and methods. When designing technologies and making major decisions on the dismantling and destruction of building elements, special emphasis is placed on the controllability, safety and efficiency of the process. The performed research allowed to form a systematic understanding of the subject area of ​​dismantling buildings and structures. It is shown that the problem of demolition is a multifaceted, multifunctional, interdisciplinary problem. Its solution will require the efforts and coordination of many specialists from different fields and professions. The design of the dismantling/demolition of buildings and structures will require additional research and technological capabilities of BIM. The demolition technologies and methods discussed in the publications, and their application, do not have sufficient justification. They do not provide an objective view or useful guidelines for design. They are particular examples, and regularities, as you know, are manifested in mass phenomena. According to the authors, it is necessary to continue research in terms of generalizing experience, searching for patterns, creating tools and procedures based on them to justify decision-making. It is proposed, for a better understanding of the problem and the search for opportunities to solve it: 
 − to form a set of representative objects based on implemented projects; 
 − to form databases on representative objects regarding the features of the objects and the characteristic features of the decisions made; 
 − determine the most important features of the object and features of the site conditions that determine the quality of decisions made; 
 − develop technological means of accumulating, storing and searching for relevant documents, possible alternative solutions; 
 − propose a mechanism for comparing alternatives and choosing a final solution. 
 The solution of these tasks will allow the development teams, the customer and all interested parties to make effective and safe decisions on the demolition and dismantling of buildings and structures promptly, most importantly, objectively, reasonably and convincingly.