Display Unit Research Articles

A physical separation scheme to improve ammonium thiosulfate leaching of gold by separation of base metals in crushed mobile phones

As technology advances, consumers are looking to buy new phones. This phenomenon leads to decrease in life-cycle of mobile phones (ca. 2–3 years), resulting in increase of waste mobile phones. In waste mobile phones, it contains various components including display unit, battery, cases, and printed circuit boards (PCBs). PCBs alone contain variety of materials such as gold (Au), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) as well as aluminum (Al) with plastics, which causes difficulty in recycling. The coexistence of Cu and Al in crushed mobile phones has been recently reported to cause very low Au extraction efficiency in ammonium thiosulfate medium due primarily to enhanced re-deposition of extracted Au ions via galvanically induced cementation. To limit this antagonistic effect of Cu and Al coexistence on Au extraction, Au-containing components were separated from Cu- and/or Al-bearing parts using a two-step crushing approach in tandem with various physical separation techniques (i.e. jig, hybrid jig, magnetic separation, flotation, and sink-float separation) that were applied on appropriate size fractions. The results showed that over 96% of PCBs, the primary Au-containing material in mobile phones, were recovered after jig separation. These concentrated PCBs were collected and further crushed to liberate Au-containing parts and then treated by diverse physical separation techniques such as magnetic separation, jig separation, hybrid jig separation, flotation, and sink-float separation depending on the crushed particle sizes. Ammonium thiosulfate leaching of the mixed Au-concentrated products from various physical pretreatment techniques showed that Au extraction improved by about 15-fold, indicating that the physical separation scheme proposed in this study is very promising.

Arbitrary Screen-Aware Manga Reading Framework with Parameter-Optimized Panel Extraction

While reading Manga on smart devices, it is inconvenient to drag and zoom through contents. Therefore, this work proposes a user-friendly and intuitive Manga reading framework for arbitrary reading conditions. Our framework creates a reading flow by breaking pages into contextual panels, organizing panels as display units, grouping units as a display list according to reading conditions, and playing the list with designed eye-movement-simulated transitions. The core is parameter-optimized panel extraction, which uses the occupied area of extracted panels and the ratio of borders parallel to each other to automate parameter selection for matching up identified panel corners and borders. While applying to 70 Manga chapters, our extraction performs comparatively better against two state-of-the-art algorithms and successfully locates “break-outs.” Furthermore, a usability test on three chapters demonstrates that our framework is effective and visually pleasing for arbitrary Manga-reading scenarios while preserving contextual ideas through panel arrangement.

Electronic Device to Quantify Clearance and Control Feed Rate of Rubber Roll Sheller

Rice milling process refers to the removal of husk and bran layers from the paddy grain. Proper machine settings in relation to physical and engineering properties of paddy are necessary for efficient milling operations. The present research work was aimed at incorporating modifications in a rice rubber roll sheller of modern rice mill for better control on its operation. A microcontroller-based electronic device was developed to quantify the clearance between the rubber rolls and feed opening of the rubber roll sheller. The values were displayed on seven-segment display units. A mechanical system to suit automation was also developed to automatically control the feed rate of feed hopper of the rubber roll sheller. The device was designed to read from 0 - 72 mm feed opening gap with least count of 0.075 mm, and rolls clearance from 0 mm to 21 mm with least count of 0.01 mm.

TEMPERATURE MONITORING USING HC-05 MODULE BASED ON ANDROID

Microcontrollers are now growing rapidly and are increasingly in demand in control system applications. Even now there are many microcontrollers in the form of modules. One module the most widely used microcontroller is Arduino. Arduino is a type of board that contains microcontroller. Combined with a Bluetooth module, this microcontroller can be connected via a Smartphone device. Arduino microcontroller board devices make it possible to process temperature reading data from the temperature sensor to be displayed to the display unit using Android based smartphone. Data processing results from this Arduino board will be transmitted using wireless Bluetooth media that is connected to an Android smartphone and will displayed on the LCD screen. This tool was created in order to facilitate the monitoring of temperature within a place, other tools according to field conditions. This tool uses an experimental method with steps it works Arduino as the parent that has been programmed and then gives input to the temperature sensor (LM35) for knowing the temperature of the room at that time. Before sending data, Bluetooth initialization needs to be done between Smartphone and HC 05. After that, the sensor sends data to the Arduino that will be forwarded into the LCD screen display and Smartphone device. The result of this tool is monitoring temperature against the room can be done effectively and efficiently and can be done as needed.

Stretchable Hybrid Electronics: Soft Modular Electronic Blocks (SMEBs): A Strategy for Tailored Wearable Health‐Monitoring Systems (Adv. Sci. 5/2019)

Individual differences in size and structure of body parts will no longer disturb accurate body signal monitoring due to the strategy presented in article 1801682 by Junghwan Byun, Yongtaek Hong, and co-workers. Interconnect, sensor, display, and signal process unit blocks are independently fabricated and assembled directly onto human skin after tailoring to the corresponding individual variation.

Pembuatan Alat Ukur Multi Kanal Kelembaban Tanah Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno

Soil moisture very important to be measured per unit of time, especially in peat soils that have high porosity value. The measuring device for detection of soil moisture is realized on this research. The soil moisture measuring instrument is built by three main blocks of an instrument, that are four soil moisture sensors YL-69s, Arduino Uno as measurement processing unit that equipped with sd card as data storage unit and 20x4 character LCD as a display unit of the measurement result. The span value of the measuring device ranges from 0% to 95 % with deviation from 0% to 4.88%.The advantages of the measurement instrument system are simple in the operational process, real-time monitoring and stored automatically.

A Preliminary Investigation into the Impact of Connected Vehicle Human-Machine Interface on Driving Behavior

Abstract This paper developed a driving simulator testbed, which includes three simulation scenarios that can represent different real-world driving conditions, to investigate the impact of Connected Vehicle (CV) Human-Machine Interface (HMI) on driving behavior. A total number of 23 professional drivers were invited to participate in the driving simulator test; a comprehensive questionnaire was employed to collect the participant’s feedback of CV HMI. It was found that 96 percent of the participants stated that CV HMI provided them with improved road condition information and increased their safety while driving; 65 percent of the participants stated the CV applications and the display unit did not introduce significant distraction from the main driving task.

Integral Imaging With Full Parallax Based on Mini LED Display Unit

Integral imaging has been considered as the most applicable technology of true 3D display in the near future. In this paper, we propose the method to achieve full parallax and large-screen integral imaging display based on mini LED. Compared to the existing integral imaging systems based on the LED, the proposed method can present both horizontal and vertical parallaxes. We explore the optical parameter matching method between mini LED display unit and lenslet unit and design three different shapes of lenslet arrays. The imaging performance of lenslet arrays of circular-shape, square-shape, and hexagonal-shape is analyzed. The method of window interception is proposed to generate elemental images for the lenslet arrays with different apertures and arranging structures. The experimental results show that the true 3D display with full parallax and screen scalability has been realized using the proposed method and the display effect of lenslet array with hexagonal-shape is the best according to the evaluation of both subjective and objective merits.

Electronic Device to Quantify Clearance and Control Feed Rate of Rubber Roll Sheller

Rice milling process refers to the removal of husk and bran layers from the paddy grain. Proper machine settings in relation to physical and engineering properties of paddy are necessary for efficient milling operations. The present research work was aimed at incorporating modifications in a rice rubber roll sheller of modern rice mill for better control on its operation. A microcontroller-based electronic device was developed to quantify the clearance between the rubber rolls and feed opening of the rubber roll sheller. The values were displayed on seven-segment display units. A mechanical system to suit automation was also developed to automatically control the feed rate of feed hopper of the rubber roll sheller. The device was designed to read from 0 - 72 mm feed opening gap with least count of 0.075 mm, and rolls clearance from 0 mm to 21 mm with least count of 0.01 mm.

FEAR AVOIDANCE BELIEF FOLLOWING OCCUPATIONAL RELATED INJURIES AMONG AVIATION WORKERS

Background: The growth development of the aviation industry in Malaysia is very encouraging to become a regional aviation center. The commitments from each engage in this industry is vital to ensure its sustainability. Fear avoidance belief is subsequent complication following an occupationally related injury. It will reduce individual performance at the workplace and hinder the positive growth of an industry. Currently, there is limited data available address such issues in Malaysia. Methods: This study is conducted to determine the association of fear avoidance belief following occupationally related injury among aviation workers. This is a cross-sectional study involving individual working in Malaysia aviation industry and sustain an occupationally related injury. The study tools used was the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ), which consists of physical related and work-related subscale. Results: Total number of respondents involve is 195 with a mean age of 34 years old, and the majority is male (n = 103). Most of them (31.3%) were baggage & cargo handler work category. Their work natures are varied, 37.9% were engaged with a visual display unit. There is a moderately strong association of fear avoidance belief (φc =0.26 & 0.28) between physically related subscale with respondents work categories and work nature respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The fear avoidance belief among respondents exists and cannot be denied. Preventive method of enhancing self-empowerment through education and training is the effective mean in generating self-care at a workplace.

Assessing the generation, recycling and disposal practices of electronic/electrical-waste (E-Waste) from major cities in Pakistan

Rapid increase in the quantity of electronic/electrical-waste (e-waste) has become an emerging issue throughout the world. To avoid higher expenditures on safe disposal and recycling, large quantities of e-waste are being exported from developed to developing countries like Pakistan. Emerging issue of e-waste in Pakistan demands its effective management strategy for the country. However, it cannot be achieved until assessment of e-waste quantification and disposal is carried out. The main objective of this study was to quantify the e-waste inventory and it’s processing from major cities of Pakistan to evaluate its generation (domestic/import) and recycling practices. This study comprises the information of only those e-waste items (desktop computers, laptops/notebooks, computer monitors and liquid-crystal display units) which form the major portion of e-waste imported to Pakistan. Survey based data collected from three major cities/areas have been extrapolated to develop an e-waste generation inventory for the country. The study reveals that approximately 50 kt of e-waste is being imported as scrap in addition to its local generation of about 38 kt per year. During field visits and data collection surveys, it has been observed that the processing of e-waste in the country is being carried out in crude manner without safety gears. Findings of our study strongly recommend dire need for urgent and effective monitoring as well as control of informal e-waste management in Pakistan.

An On-Chip Dynamically Obfuscated Wrapper for Protecting Supply Chain Against IP and IC Piracies

With the modern semiconductor supply chain, the ownership of both intellectual property (IP) and integrated circuit (IC) cannot be guaranteed. The IP piracy may take place at the untrusted IC designer or untrusted foundry without the knowledge of the original IP owner. The untrusted foundry can also perform IC piracy with reverse engineering of GDSII, overproducing the number of ICs, and shipping out-of-spec/defective devices. A holistic solution is proposed to protect the ownership of both IP owners and IC designers. In this solution, a dynamically obfuscated wrapper for split test (DOST) and a secure split test methodology together aim at preventing IP overusing at multiple abstraction levels and enabling IC designers to fully control the production, test, and authentication processes. DOST has been implemented and validated on video graphics array-liquid crystal display, floating-point and graphics unit, Leon3, and Leon3mp benchmarks. DOST enables the structural tests in the locked mode and the functional tests in the functionally unlocked mode. The results show that the proposed method is highly robust against IP and IC piracies with an insignificant area (1.381%) and power (1.276%) overhead.

Smart Phone based Cost Effective Visitor Management System for Smart Offices

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;"&gt;In recent years, the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) has kick started the home and office automation in a very rapid manner. The paper demonstrates a cost effective implementation of an IoT system for managing the visitors in an office environment. The automation system comprises low cost NodeMCU based Wireless Transmitter, NodeMCU based Wireless Display Unit and an android mobile phone. The mobile phone also serves as wireless Access Point to which the Wireless Transmitter and the Wireless Display Units are wirelessly connected for exchanging the messages using UDP protocol. The Wireless Transmitter and the Wireless Display Units are kept in the visitor’s waiting area. The consulting person possesses an android mobile phone in which the automation software is installed. The visitor enters a message using the Wireless Transmitter and notes down the acknowledgement token number sent by the automation software. When the consulting person checks this message, the same token number is sent to the Wireless Display Unit signaling the visitor to consult the person. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

MR-compatible, 3.8 inch dual organic light-emitting diode (OLED) in-bore display for functional MRI.

PurposeFunctional MRI (fMRI) is a well-established method used to investigate localised brain activation by virtue of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect. It often relies on visual presentations using beam projectors, liquid crystal display (LCD) screens, and goggle systems. In this study, we designed an MR compatible, low-cost display unit based on organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) and demonstrated its performance.MethodsA 3.8” dual OLED module and an MIPI-to-HDMI converter board were used. The OLED module was enclosed using a shielded box to prevent noise emission from the display module and the potentially destructive absorption of high power RF from the MRI transmit pulses. The front of the OLED module was covered by a conductive, transparent mesh. Power was supplied from a non-magnetic battery. The shielding of the display was evaluated by directly measuring the electromagnetic emission with the aid of a pickup loop and a low noise amplifier, as well as by examining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of phantom MRI data. The visual angle of the display was calculated and compared to standard solutions. As a proof of concept of the OLED display for fMRI, a healthy volunteer was presented with a visual block paradigm.ResultsThe OLED unit was successfully installed inside a 3 T MRI scanner bore. Operation of the OLED unit did not degrade the SNR of the phantom images. The fMRI data suggest that visual stimulation can be effectively delivered to subjects with the proposed OLED unit without any significant interference between the MRI acquisitions and the display module itself.DiscussionWe have constructed and evaluated the MR compatible, dual OLED display for fMRI studies. The proposed OLED display provides the benefits of high resolution, wide visual angle, and high contrast video images during fMRI exams.

Design and development of an electronic level transmitter based on hydrostatic principle

Diaphragm is a pressure transducer which is used as a primary sensing element for hydrostatic liquid level measurement. In industry, it can be used as a local display unit. Diaphragm reading can be transmit to a remote location with the help of secondary transducer which converts the diaphragm displacement into an electrical signal. In this paper, a simple low cost hydrostatic liquid level transmitter has been developed with diaphragm as a primary transducer and Hall sensor as a secondary transducer. The theoretical analysis of the work has been presented in this article. The theoretical equation describes the working principle of the proposed transmitter. The experimental setup has been developed in the laboratory and tested over a range of 0–100 cm. The static characteristic of the hydrostatic level transmitter shows that the transmitter follows the theoretical equation. The experimental results reported in this paper show that the transmitter characteristics are linear and repeatable under permissible uncertainty range.

Off-axis virtual-image display and camera by holographic mirror and blur compensation.

We propose off-axis virtual-image display and camera systems, which integrate a vertically-standing holographic off-axis mirror, blur-compensation optical systems, and digital imaging devices. In the system, the holographic mirror is used for an off-axis reflector, which realizes an upright and thin screen for virtual-image formation. By combining it with a display unit, an off-axis virtual-image display is realized, where the virtual image can be seen behind the upright holographic mirror. Simultaneously, by combining it with a camera unit, an off-axis camera is implemented, which realizes frontal shooting of objects by a camera placed at an off-axis position. Since both the off-axis display and the camera can be implemented by a single holographic mirror, it can be applied to a two-way visual-telecommunication system with a thin screen, which implements eye contact and the observer--image distance. A problem with the proposed system is image blur, which is caused by the chromatic dispersion of the holographic mirror. To solve this, we designed optical blur-compensation systems using a diffractive optical element and a diffuser or a lens. Experimental results verify the concept of the proposed systems with clarifying the effect of designed blur-compensation methods.

Development of a compact stand-alone esophageal pressure measurement device

Abstract Mechanical ventilation requires optimal parameter setting for every single patient. For instance sufficient positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may ensure oxygenation and prevent overdistension of lungs or alveolar collapse. To find optimal PEEP, transpulmonary pressure (airway pressure minus pleural pressure) guides as an indicator for both, chest wall mechanics and lung characteristic. Since measurement of pleural pressure is impractical in clinical routine, esophageal pressure can be used to estimate pleural pressure and may help to assure protective mechanical ventilation. We developed a PESO (derived from PESO = esophageal pressure) measurement system, which provides a compact stand-alone device to measure the esophageal pressure during mechanical ventilation of patients. In addition to the esophageal pressure, air way pressure is also measured to provide the synchronized data independent of the ventilator manufacturer. The device works with two commercial pressure transducers, whose signals are conditioned and digitized with an Arduino Nano microcontroller, which samples data with 62 kHz and transmits averaged data with 100 Hz to a mobile tablet PC, which acts as process, display and record unit. The compact system provides a working time of 5 hours. Therefore, the system supports the progress for mechanical ventilation research. This paper describes technical details as well as functionality.

Detection of flow of seeds in the seed delivery tube and choking of boot of a seed drill

An embedded system for detecting seed flow in the delivery tube and choking of boot of a seed drill has been developed. This system comprised an indirect incidence thin small outline package (TSOP) based infrared (IR) sensor for sensing flow of seeds from seed metering mechanism, a direct incidence infrared sensor and an IR receiver for detecting choking of the boot of a seed drill with seeds and a microcontroller for receiving the input signals from the sensors. Based on these input signals and with the embedded proper code, the microcontroller provided output signals (both visual and audible). Sensing units of both the sensors were installed to a cone shaped pipe which was then attached to the lower end of the delivery tube of the seed drill. The display unit had two separate buzzers and two separate red light emitting diodes (LED) for audio and visual outputs, respectively. While evaluating the performance of the developed embedded system, at different seed rates (80–120 kg/ha) of wheat, it sensed 31–53% higher seed droppings than theoretical seed droppings (assuming one seed dropping per flute) with a maximum standard deviation of 10.5%. A time delay varying from 1503 ms (ms) to 3750 ms was observed between actual choking occurred and the time at which choking was detected by the sensor. Sensing of higher number of seed droppings as well as delay in detecting choking by the sensors was found to be a function of seed rate and forward speed (speed of fluted roller). However, the developed system could produce both visual and audible signals to warn the operator for successful showing of wheat seeds both in the laboratory setup and also in a 9 row tractor drawn seed drill.

Design and Construction of Automatic Fish Feeder using Atmel 8052 Microcontroller

This paper was proposed to design an automatic fish feeder system using Atmel microcontroller application. In a way, it is to control the fish feeding activity by using a fish feeder that combined the mechanical and electrical system to form a device which control the fish feeding activity. This device consists of feed storage, feed stand, display unit, microcontroller and DC motor. The feeds controlled by DC motor which is located under feed storage. A control system was then attached to this device allowing the fish to be fed at preset time as required by user. Hence, promising efficiency and productivity in fish pond in long run. Display unit his is basically the user interface where working of the system is displayed on a screen so that the user have an idea what is going on the system. The message will be displayed on a 16 by 2 liquid crystal display. The controller came with a keypad giving users more option in determining the suitable speed for the motor. In addition, the feed in the automatic fish feeder system will be controlled by the rotation speed of DC motor. Test results at the discharge interval of 4hours and dispensing time of 90minutes within 24hours showed that 15kg of feeds were evenly broadcast across the pond of 12cm less amount of feed lost was recorded compare to manual feeding. The machine adequately manages and preserves feed under harsh conditions.

Calibration of multi-channel pipettes using gravimetric method in accordance with the ISO 8655-6

A calibration system was set up for calibrating multi-channel pipettes using the gravimetric method in accordance with the ISO 8655-6. The calibration system consisted of a display unit, a motor control unit and a measuring unit. The measuring unit included a single weighing cell, twelve individual containers for receiving the dispensed volume from multi-channel pipettes and transport rails to automatically convey the containers to the weighing cell one by one. This paper described the measurement traceability for volume measurements to the SI unit of mass by using the calibration system and the validation of the calibration system for volume measurements. The calibration system was shown to be capable of measuring the dispensed volume from 30 μl to 1000 μl with the measurement uncertainty of 0.7 μl to 2.9 μl.