Display Unit Research Articles

Smart Energy Monitoring using ARM Cortex

Nowadays, the demand for electricity increases due to an abrupt increase in population. In the existing system, the physical energy meter reading is taken, which is inefficient and is an outdated concept. This will require a large number of laborers. The person comes from the electricity board to the consumer's house for taking the readings from the energy meter and then, has to calculate the amount of energy consumption. This process is time-consuming and is a waste of manpower and will cause a lot of errors. A solution is, to implement a smart energy meter that will monitor energy consumption in terms of unit cost on an hourly and daily basis, in order to reduce human errors, physical labor,s and to improve the efficiency of the system. The proposed system will solve all the problems which are in existing energy meters. The proposed work calculates the energy consumption and sends the data to the consumer’s mobile via the global system for mobile communication (GSM) module, and the Bluetooth module HC-05 will also give them information on Android application, only when the Bluetooth is in the range of 100 meters from the smart meter. Both of these modules are connected to the ARM Cortex Board (AT91SAM3X8E). It has low power consumption and lower cost. The smart energy meter will also have a display unit that will show the real-time running data and consumed unit. When there is no supply from Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB), then the smart meter will automatically switch to the inverter or battery backup through the relay. The proposed system is user friendly and has better efficiency than the existing energy meter.

Development of microwave radar based periphery surveillance system in a selected mining area

ABSTRACT This paper deals with a periphery surveillance system, which has been developed and deployed by CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, India as an aid for keeping constant vigilance on a selected area even in adverse weather conditions like foggy weather, rainy weather, dusty environment, etc. The developed system consists of a frequency modulated continuous wave radar with 400 m range, a pan-tilt-camera, a wireless sensor network, a fast dedicated graphics processing unit, and a display unit. It is capable of controlling illegal mining, theft of minerals, and ensuring safety and security of the mine to a great extent. When an intrusion is detected, the system automatically gives audio-visual warning at the intrusion site where the radar is installed as well as in the control room. The system has the facility to record the intrusion data and video footage with timestamp events in the form of log.

CNN-based Image Recognition and Processing Technology Development of Airborne Display and Control System

The test system is designed for the MDU unit of the airborne display and control subsystem, and the test software is developed based on LabVIEW. The CNN image recognition and processing technology is used to realize the image recognition and test functions of the MDU unit. The image data collection system collects 8 channels of analog signals, converts the data collected in each channel, and then outputs the whole image, so as to obtain a complete frame of image information, combined with the threshold shrinkage and the two coefficients of noise pollution by judging the degree of noise pollution image noise reduction processing, image text recognition processing based on CNN and image CNN model training. Experimental results show that the test system can successfully realize the functions of recognition, analysis, detection and processing of displayed images.

Development of Scientific Fishery Biomass Estimator: System Design and Prototyping.

This paper presents a new compact single beam advanced echosounder system designed to estimate fish count in real time. The proposed device is a standalone system, which consists of a transducer, a processing unit, a keypad, and a display unit to show output. A fish counting algorithm was developed and implemented in the device. The device is capable of performing all the functions required for fish abundance estimation including target strength calculation, simultaneous echo integration, and echogram generation. During operation, the device analyzes ping data continuously and calculates various parameters in real time while simultaneously displaying the echogram and results on the screen. The device has been evaluated by technical verification in a lab and on-site experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed device is on par with a commercial echosounder and is capable of accurately estimating the fish abundance. The proposed device is beneficial for fish management.

Design and Construction of a Portable Electronic Sleep Inducer for Low Resource Settings

Good quality restful sleep is indispensable to mental and physical health. However, pressure due to busy life style, work and sometimes physiological factors have placed constraints on adequate and healthy sleep pattern leading to several sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome. Sleep disorder affects the quality of life of such patients as it grossly reduces efficiency at work and leads to poor mental and physical health. Available drugs to treat this disorder are addictive with strong adverse effects, while existing devices to provide intervention are very expensive. Hence, the development of an affordable, portable electronic sleep inducer with display unit is presented. It uses geomagnetic property of the earth coupled with electromagnetic wave induction to stimulate sleep. The signal frequency was generated by IC4047 coupled with Arduino Uno and ATmega 328p for device control. The output of this electronic sleep inducer is found to satisfactorily produce 5.89 Hz and 3.58 Hz for theta and delta waves respectively, needed to induce sleep. It consumes less power and it is rechargeable. Keywords— Sleep; Sleep disorder; Insomnia; Geomagnetic wave;

INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE REACTOR PROTECTION SYSTEMS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS-COOLED REACTORS

Reactor protection systems (RPS) transform process variable signals from the sensors into initiation and actuation signals to trip the reactor if the signal's value exceeds the predefined trip setpoints of the RPS. Information on the current value of the process variables signals and the trip setpoint should be displayed properly on the visual display unit (VDU) in order to maintain the situation awareness of the operators in main control rooms (MCR). In addition, it is also helpful for them to investigate the cause of an accident after the reactor trip and to mitigate the accident based on the appropriate emergency operating procedures. This paper investigates how the information is processed in the RPS of Experimental Power Reactor (EPR) based on high temperature reactor (HTR) technology, and how the information is displayed on the human machine interface (HMI) of the MCR of the EPR. It is conducted by classifying the RPS into three layers based on its components and their functions, followed by the investigation of the type and the information processing in each layer. The results show that the form of the information has been changed throughout the RPS, started from the sensors and until it is displayed on the VDU. The results of the investigation are necessary to understand the concept of RPS, especially for new operators, and to prepare the mitigation actions based on the process variable that cause the reactor trip.Keywords: Experimental power reactor, Reactor protection system, Human machine interface, Information processing, Situation awareness

Operating System Realization for Real-Time Visualization of CAN-Bus Data Streams using Xilinx Zync SoC

The revolution in the automotive industry over time led to more and more electronics to be included in the vehicle and this increased the number and space allocated for cables. Therefore, the in-vehicle cabling network has been replaced with a two-wire bus serial communications protocol called Controller Area Network (CAN). The proposed paper describes the implementation of the CAN controller as a listener to monitor the state of the CAN bus in a real-time approach. The CAN listener obtains the data from the CAN bus by using an external signals converter. The work is realized using development platform called ZedBoard. The controller performs a sequence of processes on the received CAN frames including decoding, buffering and filtering. The processed data is stored in an implemented FIFO to keep the data from loss. After that, the data is sent serially to the processor system over the implemented SPI that connects the controller with the processor of the Zynq-7000 device. A single-threaded, simple operating system is run over the processor to provide a set of libraries and drivers that are utilized to access specific processor functions. It enables the execution of the C code that was written to configure the operation of the onboard display unit. The design procedure and simulation process for the implemented CAN listener is achieved using the Xilinx ISE WebPACK environment, while the final complete design is properly tested and verified by connecting the module to a CAN network consisting of six CAN nodes.

A POC device for on-the-spot detection of hexavalent chromium in wastewater

The present work describes a novel handheld pocket-friendly device for on the spot detection of chromium. The device gives not only qualitative but also the quantitative determination of chromium in environmental wastewater samples. The qualitative detection can be made visually by the naked eye while for the quantitative detection a colorimetric device has been fabricated in-house. The system comprises a source, sample holder, detector, and a microcontroller-processing unit with a display unit. The method involves the detection of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) in aqueous systems by using citrate-capped silver nanoparticle (C-AgNPs) leading to a reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III). The citrate capped silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using a blend of characterization techniques like ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The device performance remained unaffected even in the presence of various interfering cations present in the wastewater. The device was tested, and results were calibrated with standard atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), it showed linearity from 0.01-0.7 ppm for wastewater samples tested with spiking different known concentrations of chromium. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method is 26 ppb and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 79 ppb. The development of a low-cost, simple colorimeter employing the same sensor principle underlines the on-site applicability of this method.

INCREASING BLINK RATES: REDUCING DRIED EYE SYMPTOMS WITH EYE REST-BREAK APPLICATION

Long working hours with video display unit without appropriate breaks could drain the eyes. This study intends to investigate the efficiency of eye rest-break application to reduce dried eye symptoms by increasing blink rates. Blink rates and dried eye symptoms score among laboratory workers before and after the implementation of eye rest-break application were compared. The numbers of blink rates were recorded using a webcam for 5 minutes without the subjects aware when the recording starts or ends. Then, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was used to measure the dried eye symptoms. For eyes rest-break, EyeLeo© application was used. It is computer application that gives reminders to video display unit (VDU) users to take short breaks for their eyes. Six laboratory workers who are constantly working with VDU were selected as subjects. Data was analysed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, to test the comparison between variables before and after intervention by reporting its median (inter quartile range, IQR). The findings showed that the median after intervention (39.5, 10) is significantly higher (p-value = 0.028) than the median before intervention (7.3, 3). As for dried eye symptoms, median for Ocular Surface Disease Index after intervention (27.9, 8.9) is significantly lower (p-value = 0.027) than the median before intervention (36.5, 9.4). As a conclusion, application such as EyeLeo© eye rest-break is a potential intervention and may be used to increase blink rates and reducing dried eye symptoms among visual display unit workers.

Large viewing angle floating three-dimensional light field display based on the spatial data reconstruction (SDR) algorithm

A large viewing angle floating three-dimensional (3D) light field display based on spatial data reconstruction (SDR) algorithm is presented. It consists of the 3D light field display unit (LFDU) and the floating display unit (FDU). With the time-sequential directional backlight system, LFDU can provide 3D scenes with a large viewing angle in the horizontal direction. Based on FDU, the floating display has a large off-screen display depth, and the SDR algorithm is introduced to improve the 3D image quality. Combining the SDR algorithm with the time-sequential directional backlight system, a large viewing angle and image quality enhanced floating 3D light field display is realized. For the demonstrated floating 3D light field system, the floating 3D images can be reconstructed by the optical system within the viewing angle of 60 degrees. The feasibility of the proposed display method is verified with experimental results.

A Real Time Engine Oil Monitoring System for Diagnosis of Lubricant using IoT Network

In the modern days, Internet of Things (IoT) is smart communicating approach and creates an energetic impression in future of automobile industry. The advancement of IoT innovation in each field can be joined with the rising occasions setting off a requirement for a superior human way of life and its applications are vast and innumerable. One such application can be implied for the automobile industry to real time monitor the engine lubricant because in India, automobile mechanics still use conventional techniques of engine lubricant supervision. So in this paper, we present, an IoT technology based a real time Engine Oil Monitoring (EOM) System for diagnosis of engine lubricant. The main objective of this research paper is to reduce the human effort and to provide a smart sensing approach in automobile industry for maintaining real time engine oil conditions. EOM system is designed with the help of Arduino Nano with sensor devices named as Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor for oil quality, LM35-Temperature sensor for temperature and Ultrasonic Sensor for oil level measurement in engine. Real time testing results shown in the connected display unit and experimental results of proposed EOM system using IoT network provides an efficient diagnosis results. EOM system is working properly that is observed in the experimental analysis section for two different scenario such as 10W-50 4T Scooter Engine Oil-Honda Activa 125 (1L) and 10W-30 Synthetic Engine Oil for Petrol Cars (3.5 L).

Uncovering TAPS strategies of the tobacco industry at PoS in low- and middle-income countries: the case of Turkey.

This study aims to uncover strategies executed by the tobacco industry against tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) bans at points of sale (PoS) in Turkey. The data are based on a field study conducted in the city of Izmir. There are 10750 PoS in all of Izmir; the 6200 PoS in the 11 central districts were considered as potential subjects. Using a proportional sampling method (95% confidence interval, 5% margin of error), it was calculated that 384 PoS could adequately represent the whole. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with PoS administrators, using survey form consisting of 53 questions. Descriptive statistics methods have been used to analyze the data. Of a total of 384 PoS visited; 96.4% featured at least one type of display/TAPS ban violation, 94.5% featured display settings creating brand dominance on display units, 76.7% received promotional payments and 14.8% received free tobacco products for featured display settings. Additionally, 29.2% of PoS had tobacco product displays visible from outside, 26.8% sold tobacco products on the counter, 24.7% featured advertising items on display units, 19.3% sold tobacco products as single stick and 11.7% had price tags with fonts larger than the legally fixed 20 pt. An official institution specializing in tobacco control must be established to continually inspect the tobacco market. Tobacco products must stay hidden, in closed cupboards or under the counter, and communication between PoS and tobacco industry must be limited. In addition, tobacco products must be distributed by government institutions rather than the industry.

An innovative idea for low cost Braille e-reader

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement the rotating cubes for designing the Braillerefreshable display. The rotating cube Braille display has many benefits i.e., compact size, low cost etc. Methods/Statistical analysis: refreshable Braille display is an electro mechanical device which forms Braille charactersby raising pins through holes on flat surface. The raising of such pins is accomplished by complex and costly systems like solenoids or piezo-electric crystals or EAP (Electro Active Polimer). We developed the prototype of e-book reader, which is a low cost electro mechanical system aimed at assisting visually impaired to access the e-books. Findings: Many design concepts were proposed earlier and prototypes were built, and were tested successfully in thepast by using three simple rotating cubes. The main parameters like dot spacing, overall dimension, touching force and operating voltage obtained are discussed. Dot spacing 2.5 [mm] with reference to International standard has been maintained. Regarding overall dimension, the display unit is designed to have dimension of 120mm width to 150mm height adhering to NLS standard of Braille dot spacing, and the tactile surface will feature 13 lines with 14 characters per line. The touching force of 0.32N and operating voltage below 25 V was obtained and used. Novelty/Applications: The Solenoid is used for positioning the faces of individual cubes, which can be arranged in different positions thereby forming all Braille characters. The high power consumption which remained the major head ache in solenoid electromagnetic actuator models was a major challenge we faced initially, which we overcame with our unique innovative design combining cubes that can rotate to form Braille dots and electromagnetic actuator which can be positioned at various places to run this cubes. So Keeping Occam\'s Razor Principle in mind, we went ahead to design a multicell/multi-line electronic refreshable Braille display as a technology demonstrator by using three simple rotating cubes. Keywords: Braille cell; Rotating cubes; Actuators; Refreshable Braille displays

Effects of display area and corneal illuminance on oculomotor system based on eye-tracking data

Light reaching the retina elicits ocular symptoms that lead to some changes of human physiology and performance. However, its influence on ocular system is still unclear due to the lack of comprehensive analysis of ocular parameters. This study investigated the effects of corneal illuminance and display area on the oculomotor system based on eye-tracking technology, and a visual display unit was used as the illumination source. Results showed that oculomotor symptoms were sensitive to not only corneal illuminance but also display area. Fewer microsaccades, longer microsaccade duration and slower microsaccade peak velocity were found under high corneal illuminance, as well as longer fixation duration and faster saccade velocity. More microsaccades, shorter microsaccade duration and slower saccade velocity were observed under large display area. Pupil dilated with decreased corneal illuminance and increased display area. We conclude that oculomotor symptoms can be triggered by corneal illuminance and display area, which regulates human physiology and performance.

Dental lasers applications in visible wavelength operational band

<p>There is no doubt that radiation has many side effects in our lives, so our goal in this study is to reduce our use of radiation in the diagnosis of tooth caries, and in order to achieve this goal we used the field of optical fiber in the detection of some diseases associated with oral and dental medicine. This diagnosis was accomplished by shedding light on the teeth, to be diagnosed and creating an image that allows the doctor to examine them and determine whether there are caries or any root problems. The principle is also used to detect oral cancer, fractures, and cracks in bones. This study also allows us to detect early caries, and this method saves time because it gives the diagnosis at the same time while the patient is in the treatment unit of the dental clinic. Thus the main advantages of this method are, enable the dentist to view images on the display unit attached to the clinic in real-time, compare current photos with old photos of the same patient. Also, the dentist can create a photo archive of each tooth individually and can retrieve and compare them whenever he wants. </p>

Higway Criuse Control System for Vehicles using Low Power RF and Can Protocol

Nowadays mishaps are happening much of the time, causing destruction of numerous individuals by committing unassuming errors while driving (in school zone, slopes region, and roadways). In any case, once in a while it may not be conceivable to see the billboards put by the Highway Department to caution the drivers in such sort of spots and there is an opportunity for mishap. The headway in the processor innovation and microcontrollers has opened another framework intended to forestall the mishaps caused because of carelessness of drivers in observing rush hour gridlock flags close by the street and different abnormalities on the streets. So to suggest the driver about the zones and to consequently keep up the speed is cultivated by methods for low power RF innovation. The primary target is to plan an Electronic Display controller implied for vehicle's speed control and screens the zones, which runs on an implanted framework and can be hand crafted to fit into a vehicle's dashboard to show data on the vehicle. This framework whenever received by some state can successfully diminish the quantity of street mishaps brought about by speeding vehicles losing control of the vehicle at speed breakers or by driver's carelessness towards traffic signals. This paper presents another structure to control the speed of the vehicles at clumsy zones and security zone places for fixed time. The undertaking is made out of two separate units: Zone status transmitter unit, Electronic Display and Control unit. When the street sign is gotten from the zones, the vehicle's Electronic Display Controller Unit cautions the driver, to lessen the speed as indicated by the zone; it hangs tight for driver's reaction and diminishes the speed of vehicle consequently with CAN Protocol.

Thermally static stokes fluorescence based self and Sm3+ activated SrWO4 luminophores for application in LED and visual display unit

Ceramic samples of pure and Sm3+ activated SrWO4 luminophores have been synthesized by solid state reaction technique. The confirmation of the sample formation is obtained by analysing and comparing the XRD data with standard JCPDS data. The material shows the single tetragonal phase with space group I41/a. The surface morphology is analysed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. The interacting behavior of the prepared material with UV and visible light is studied by recording the data in the diffuse reflectance mode to calculate the optical band gap using UV–Visible Spectrophotometer. The room temperature photoluminescence property of the material is studied by recording the excitation and emission spectra along with the decay kinetics. The PL emission spectra contain the emission peaks of the host due to structural defect of the lattice as well as the emission peaks of Sm3+ ions due to its f-f transitions. To check the high temperature utility of the material, temperature dependent photoluminescence property is studied very cautiously by joining the temperature control setup (Optistate DN2 (Oxford instrumental)) to the sample chamber. The luminescence intensity does not degrade much, as the temperature increases from room temperature to 475 K. The photometric study reveals the color-tunable emission of the material from deep blue to light blue region.

Risks to the Public

Boeing 737s can't land facing west (FAA via Clive D.W. Feather, R 31 56) The FAA received reports earlier this year of three incidents of display electronic unit (DEU) software errors on Model 737 NG airplanes ying into runway PABR in Barrow, Alaska. All six display units (DUs) blanked with a selected instru- ment approach to a runway with a 270-degree true heading, and all six DUs stayed blank until a di erent runway was selected. [...] The investigation revealed that the problem occurs when this combination of software is installed and a susceptible runway with a 270-degree true heading is selected for instrument approach. Not all runways with a 270-degree true heading are susceptible; only seven runways worldwide, as identi ed in this AD, have latitude and longitude values that cause the blanking behavior. (Note that this is all 6 dis- plays on each plane, not 2 displays on each of three planes.) (R 31 54). [More items later on polar coordinates, tangent of 90 and 270 being plus-minus in nity, etc. (R 31 56,57)

Comparative Analysis of Emitted Magnetic Fields from Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) System

This paper present the Comparative analysis of emitted magnetic fields from Liquid Crystal Display(LCD) and that of Light Emitting Diode (LED) system. A total of eighteen Liquid Crystal Display and Light Emitting Diode Monitors from different manufacturers were used. The magnetic field was measured using a trifield guass meter. The trifield guass meter was placed perpendicularly to the monitors at 5cm steps from the monitor up to 70cm and the magnetic field from each monitor was recorded in milligauss. The result showed that the magnetic field of the liquid crystal display monitors is almost 2 times greater than that of the light-emitting diode monitors. The obtained results were compared with international occupational and general public recommended exposure limit and The result was found to be below the permissible dose limit according to the IEEE( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) standard. Although there is minimal evidence of the health risk associated with the use of Visual Display Units (VDUs) and it is inconclusive.”

Automated Fuel Pump System using UPI Payment

In our society, the major problem in the petrol station is waiting for a long time to fill the petrol, even though the filling is done the money handling take longer by implementing this project we can do it quickly. Now UPI ID is available in the petrol station for the transaction purpose only. This idea will eliminate the human resources used in the station. The right quality can ensure by maintaining the proper density of petrol/diesel. To measure fuel quantity regularly, we insert a device inside the underground storage tank. It gives the reading of fuel quantity in the display unit. Automation helps build trust among the customers. At a petrol pump trust is the most significant factor in growing sales. Most of the customers will come from a nearby locality if they generate strong word of faith then more customers will visit.