Abstract
The present work describes a novel handheld pocket-friendly device for on the spot detection of chromium. The device gives not only qualitative but also the quantitative determination of chromium in environmental wastewater samples. The qualitative detection can be made visually by the naked eye while for the quantitative detection a colorimetric device has been fabricated in-house. The system comprises a source, sample holder, detector, and a microcontroller-processing unit with a display unit. The method involves the detection of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) in aqueous systems by using citrate-capped silver nanoparticle (C-AgNPs) leading to a reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III). The citrate capped silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using a blend of characterization techniques like ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The device performance remained unaffected even in the presence of various interfering cations present in the wastewater. The device was tested, and results were calibrated with standard atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), it showed linearity from 0.01-0.7 ppm for wastewater samples tested with spiking different known concentrations of chromium. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method is 26 ppb and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 79 ppb. The development of a low-cost, simple colorimeter employing the same sensor principle underlines the on-site applicability of this method.
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