Disinfectant Spray Research Articles

Global stability of varicella model

Varicella is a disease caused by the varicella-zooster virus. This disease is common in children under 10 years of age and is not a fatal condition. However, some cases of varicella in adults are more dangerous because they can cause pneumonia. Here, discussion about analysis of varicella epidemic model is presented. This model is expressed in the form of 6th order differential equation with state variables as follows susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantine, recovered, and vaccination. Apart vaccination and isolation intervention, this model also consider disinfectant spray an¡d ventilation. Our analysis shows that varicella dynamic behavior depends on the basic reproduction number (R 0). The model has two equilibria, namely, free disease and endemic equilibria. By using the Lyapunov function, we demonstrate that when R 0 ≤1, disease-free is globally asymptotically stable, and when R 0 > 1 disease-free becomes unstable while endemic is globally asymptotically stable. This results indicate more effective each intervention, the better the control of varicella.

Uvc Disinfectant Robot

The main purpose of this robot is to fight against pandemics such as Covid-19 breakouts in public and private areas. Research has shown that sanitization in large areas can be done effectively and more efficiently by using UV-C lamps and disinfectant sprays during spread of diseases. UVC is a proven disinfectant all over the world. It disinfects air, water, and can cover large areas in terms of disinfection. UVC methods have been used for years to reduce the viruses, harmful bacteria and germs. This is why UVC lamps are even called ”germicidal” lamps. Avoid people from getting in contact with other deadly viruses. In this study, we have used UVC light as the physical disinfection method . The UVC devices are studied in detail and are optimizely used to kill bacteria and other germs. After the research we came to the conclusion that a Robot is the best device to kill germs, bacteria and disinfect places. Sanitation and hygienic conditions should be maintained in order to protect human health, during all the infectious disease outbreaks.

Disinfectant Spraying System with Quadcopter Type Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Technology as an Effort to Break the Chain of the COVID-19 Virus

Spraying disinfectants as a preventive measure in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is still being carried out by officers manually by surrounding all parts of the building. Technological developments in the modern era can help and simplify this job. One way to take advantage of technology during the COVID-19 pandemic is to use a drone or an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to spray disinfectants indoors. An unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an unmanned aircraft whose flight can be controlled remotely. In this applied research the researchers used a quadcopter UAV which consists of four propellers, each of which is mounted on an 11.1 Volt brushless motor. This motor functions as a propeller drive that uses a current source from LiPo 3S. Based on the research that has been done, the quadcopter is designed using a 2200KV BLDC motor controlled by the SP Racing F3 flight controller. Has been able to fly a quadcopter along with 200ml of disinfectant. However, in order for the quadcopter to be able to lift even greater loads the specifications of the BLDC motor need to be improved

Disinfectant Spraying System with Quadcopter Type Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Technology as an Effort to Break the Chain of the COVID-19 Virus

Spraying disinfectants as a preventive measure in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is still being carried out by officers manually by surrounding all parts of the building. Technological developments in the modern era can help and simplify this job. One way to take advantage of technology during the COVID-19 pandemic is to use a drone or an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to spray disinfectants indoors. An unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an unmanned aircraft whose flight can be controlled remotely. In this applied research the researchers used a quadcopter UAV which consists of four propellers, each of which is mounted on an 11.1 Volt brushless motor. This motor functions as a propeller drive that uses a current source from LiPo 3S. Based on the research that has been done, the quadcopter is designed using a 2200KV BLDC motor controlled by the SP Racing F3 flight controller. Has been able to fly a quadcopter along with 200ml of disinfectant. However, in order for the quadcopter to be able to lift even greater loads the specifications of the BLDC motor need to be improved

Design and Modeling of IoT-based Sterilization Box using UV-C Radiation

The design of the sterilization box is based on the ATmega2560 microcontroller which utilizes the concept of 254 nanometer UV-C shortwave radiation and disinfectant spray to increase the effectiveness of the sterilization box. In order to prevent transmission through touch from users through physical contact via sterilization box, researchers designed a system that can make users access sterilization box without the need to make physical contact with the device, namely by using IoT system with the help of applications that can be accessed through the user's smart device. Based on the results of the analysis and experiment that has been carried out, it is concluded that the sterilization box in this study can work optimally at a distance of less than 700 cm. This tool can operate using smartphone media via bluetooth HC-05 module, so it can minimize the process of spreading Covid-19 that occurs through physical contact.

Experimental analysis of solar powered disinfection tunnel mist spray system for coronavirus prevention in public and remote places

There is a pressing need to accelerate the development of advanced technologies to prevent Coronavirus in large gatherings. The present system is an integration of tunnel disinfectant spray system and solar setup which utilises the solar energy to power a pump which pushes the required amount of chemical mixture into the nozzles of the spray system in order to eliminate any incoming virus or bacteria on the clothes of a particular person without wetting it. Data was gathered for a mall in New Delhi related to occupancy levels before and after lockdown. A 47% and 35% spike in energy and disinfectant mixture to pump was evaluated on weekends. A 70% reduction in operating cost was registered for solar based system in comparison to non-solar setup. Optimum conditions by considering efficiency and cost effectiveness evaluated are 8 number of nozzles, nozzle angle 55 degrees spray pressure 200 bar, and pressure 200 bar.

Disinfectant chamber for killing body germs with integrated FAR-UVC chamber (for COVID-19)

A human body can be infected by over 200 viruses existing in the world. A share of these viruses would just stick to the human body (for exterior) but not infect it per se. We propose a disinfecting chamber/magnetic body scanner, used to screen persons entering a security-controlled area for the presence of security threats hidden under the clothing such as guns, knives, explosives and contrabands. Just like the body scanner, an innovative scanner system is required to disinfect and sanitise the body from life threatening viruses such as the SARS-Cov 19 (Corona Virus). The scanner chamber has five sections, namely, the entrance, thermal image scanner, FAR-UVC chamber, disinfectant spray chamber, and the exit section. The integrated thermal image scanning section can detect the body temperature with the help of a thermal image shown on the computer screen. The FAR-UVC chamber is used to extract the virus-killing property of FAR-UVC rays proven to have negligible damage on the human skin. The disinfectant chamber is where the human body is sprayed with a disinfectant after which he or she is allowed to exit the chamber.

Investigation of the Clinical Effectiveness of Polyhexanid/Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Wound Dressing in Chronic Cases

Polyhexanid/polyhexamethylene biguanide is one of the most used wound antiseptics, with a high tissue compatibility and low cytotoxicity. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial gel and spray that containing 0.1% PHMB, on wound healing in the treatment of patients who come to our clinic with chronic infected wound formation due to different reasons. The materials of the study consisted of 12 cats and 8 dogs with chronic, infected, ulcerative and suppurative wounds in various parts of the body, which were treated at the Surgery Clinic of SU Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. In the evaluation of the wound bed, the color, depth, shape, size of the wound, type and amount of the exudate, localization of the wound, and wound care conditions were taken into consideration. Surgical or mechanical superficial debridements of the wound were performed initially. Following this procedure, irrigation of the wound area was achieved with 0.9% saline. Protective dressing was applied to the wound area of all patients by applying antimicrobial (Actolind® w Gel, ACTO, Germany) spray containing 0.1% PHMB twice a day, and gel of the same product after 5 minutes. When the wound bed of the cases were evaluated on the 15th day, (100%) granulation and epithelization occurred in all the wounds of 19 patients, and only in one patient epithelization was observed. At the end of the 30th day, it was noted that granulation was completed in all cases except one case and passed to the epithelization stage. In all clinical cases, no complications were encountered during the treatment process. Clinical studies of polyhexanide/polyhexamethylene biguanide are promising. In this study, positive response was obtained in a short time. However, more experimentally controlled clinical and laboratory studies are required in order to improve 0.1% PHMB applications in chronic wound treatments.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Three Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants on Different Germs Isolated from the Hospital Environment.

Background The microbiological risk of the hospital environment, including inert surfaces, medical devices, and equipment, represents a real problem. Objective This study is aimed at demonstrating and assessing the antibacterial activity of three synthetic disinfectants classified as quaternary ammoniums on different bacterial strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from the hospital environment. The reference strains included Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 used as negative control strains. Method Three quaternary ammonium disinfectants were tested: DDN9® (0.5%) which contains didecylmethylpolyoxyethylammonium propionate as an active substance, spray (0.4%) containing quaternary ammonium compounds, and Phagosurf ND® (0.4%) with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Their effect was evaluated using the disk diffusion technique and the broth dilution methods, allowing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and then the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Result Only the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some strains of Gram-negative bacteria were inhibited by the three synthetic disinfectants. NDD9® demonstrated an antibacterial effect only against the Gram-positive strains (S. aureus and S. aureus ATCC 29213) with a MIC of 0.25 mg/ml. The disinfectant spray showed effect against all four strains including E. coli (9), S. aureus, E. coli ATCC 25922, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with an inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/ml, while the growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213 was inhibited at 2 mg/ml. The third disinfectant, Phagosurf ND®, inhibited only the growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213 at a MIC of 4 mg/ml. Conclusion This study is the first here in Morocco to evaluate the bacterial activity of products intended for the control of the healthcare environment. The results obtained on the three disinfectants tested reveal an ineffectiveness against some isolated strains from the hospital environment.

Early events in fire blight infection and pathogenesis of Erwinia amylovora

When viewing the fire blight disease from the perspective of a disease cycle, it is clear that the pathogen Erwinia amylovora goes through different infection stages on an annual basis. These stages include the initial infection of flowers and shoot tips with ooze as the inoculum; systemic spread through the plant vasculature; production of ooze on plant surfaces as the secondary inoculum, and formation of annual cankers to tolerate winter stresses. Among them, the stage of initial infection of flowers and shoot tips drew most research attention, as in this stage, E. amylovora transits from epiphytic colonization on the plant surface to endophytic infection internally in the plant tissue. Limiting the epiphytic colonization of E. amylovora on flower surfaces is also the focus of fire blight management, as only the epiphytic cells of E. amylovora can be targeted by the antimicrobial sprays. In this review, we focus on some of these “early events” during the initial infection of flowers and shoot tips. We define these “early events” as any events that occur from the production of inoculum to before the systemic spread of the pathogen through the xylem. This includes the production and transfer of the inoculum (ooze) to flowers and shoot tips; epiphytic proliferation of E. amylovora on flower / leaf surfaces; entry of the pathogen cells into host through natural openings or wounds; and initial proliferation immediately after entering the host. In the first half of this review, we summarize findings of some recent pathological investigations of these early events. In the second half of this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of E. amylovora in the context of these early events, particularly how E. amylovora modulates its virulence expression to induce disease symptoms. We focus on recent findings published within the past five years.

Evaluation of a Continuously Active Disinfectant for Disinfection of Mobile Equipment

Background: One of the limitations of current cleaning and disinfection strategies is that cleaned surfaces rapidly become recontaminated. In laboratory testing, a novel quaternary ammonium disinfectant provided sustained antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogens on surfaces after 24 hours. We hypothesized that this continuously active disinfectant would be effective in reducing contamination of portable medical equipment in a real-world healthcare setting.Methods: In a hospital and affiliated long-term care facility, 114 portable devices were randomized to receive no treatment (N = 38) or a single spray application of a quaternary ammonium-alcohol disinfectant (N = 38) or of the continuously active disinfectant (N = 38). The devices were cultured at baseline and on days 1, 4, and 7 after treatment for total aerobic colony counts, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and enterococci.Results: As shown in Fig. 1, both spray disinfectants significantly reduced total aerobic colony counts in comparison to the untreated controls. The continuously active disinfectant resulted in sustained significant reductions in aerobic colony counts in comparison to baseline levels (P < .05), whereas counts returned to baseline levels by day 4 in the quaternary ammonium-alcohol disinfectant group. Recovery of MRSA and enterococci was significantly reduced on days 1–7 in the continuously active disinfectant group versus untreated controls (3 of 93, 3% vs 20 of 97, 21% respectively; P = .002), but not in the quaternary ammonium-alcohol disinfectant (11 of 97, 11%; P = .12). Conclusions: A single spray application of a continuously active disinfectant resulted in sustained reductions in total aerobic colony counts over 7 days and reduced recovery of MRSA and enterococci. The continuously active disinfectant could potentially reduce the risk for transmission of pathogens by portable devices.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Efficacy of microbicides for inactivation of Ebola\u2013Makona virus on a non-porous surface: a targeted hygiene intervention for reducing virus spread

Microbicides play critical roles in infection prevention and control of Ebola virus by decontaminating high-touch environmental surfaces (HITES), interrupting the virus-HITES-hands nexus. We evaluated the efficacy of formulations containing different microbicidal actives for inactivating Ebola virus–Makona strain (EBOV/Mak) on stainless-steel carriers per ASTM E2197-11. Formulations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (0.05–1%), ethanol (70%), chloroxylenol (PCMX) (0.12–0.48% by weight) in hard water, and a ready-to-use disinfectant spray with 58% ethanol (EDS), were tested at contact times of 0, or 0.5 to 10 min at ambient temperature. EBOV/Mak was inactivated (> 6 log10) by 70% ethanol after contact times ≥ 2.5 min, by 0.5% and 1% NaOCl or EDS (> 4 log10) at contact times ≥ 5 min, and by 0.12–0.48% PCMX (> 4.2 log10) at contact times ≥ 5 min. Residual infectious virus in neutralized samples was assessed by passage on cells and evaluation for viral cytopathic effect. No infectious virus was detected in cells inoculated with EBOV/Mak exposed to NaOCl (0.5% or 1%), PCMX (0.12% to 0.48%), or EDS for ≥ 5 min. These results demonstrate ≥ 6 log10 inactivation of EBOV/Mak dried on prototypic surfaces by EDS or formulations of NaOCl (≥ 0.5%), PCMX (≥ 0.12%), or 70% ethanol at contact times ≥ 5 min.

Performance estimation of Twin Propeller in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

The article deals with the experimental investigation of the thrust performance of a twin propeller used in a typical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. The propeller is fabricated and tested using low speed subsonic wind tunnel to study the performance characteristics. The results obtained show better performance compared to conventional propellers. The presence of twin propeller has increased the stall characteristics at low Reynolds number. The results indicate a substantial increase in thrust generation of up to 25 percent. The payload carrying capacity and handling quality will improve using this technique during pandemic to spray disinfectants. The results obtained provide an alternate design for future propellers applications. Further it is observed that the endurance of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle can be reduced considerably, by few alternate solution.

Extended use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic - Thermal conditioning and spray-on surface disinfection

The current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in globally constrained supplies for face masks and personal protective equipment (PPE). Production capacity is limited in many countries and the future course of the pandemic will likely continue with shortages for high quality masks and PPE in the foreseeable future. Hence, expectations are that mask reuse, extended wear and similar approaches will enhance the availability of personal protective measures. Repeated thermal disinfection could be an important option and likely easier implemented in some situations, at least on the small scale, than UV illumination, irradiation or hydrogen peroxide vapor exposure. An overview on thermal responses and ongoing filtration performance of multiple face mask types is provided. Most masks have adequate material properties to survive a few cycles (i.e. 30 min disinfection steps) of thermal exposure in the 75°C regime. Some are more easily affected, as seen by the fusing of plastic liner or warping, given that preferred conditioning temperatures are near the softening point for some of the plastics and fibers used in these masks. Hence adequate temperature control is equally important. As guidance, disinfectants sprayed via dilute solutions maintain a surface presence over extended time at 25 and 37°C. Some spray-on alcohol-based solutions containing disinfectants were gently applied to the top surface of masks. Neither moderate thermal aging (less than 24 h at 80 and 95°C) nor gentle application of surface disinfectant sprays resulted in measurable loss of mask filter performance. Subject to bio-medical concurrence (additional checks for virus kill efficiency) and the use of low risk non-toxic disinfectants, such strategies, either individually or combined, by offering additional anti-viral properties or short term refreshing, may complement reuse options of professional masks or the now ubiquitous custom-made face masks with their often unknown filtration effectiveness.

Efficacy of three disinfectant formulations and a hydrogen peroxide/silver fogging system on surfaces experimentally inoculated with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

Effective environmental disinfection is necessary to prevent nosocomial infections from meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). However, there are currently no commercial disinfectant sprays or fogging systems with label claims against MRSP. To evaluate the efficacy of a quaternary ammonium product (QAC), an accelerated hydrogen peroxide product (AHP), a hydrogen peroxide and silver product (HAL), and a hydrogen peroxide and silver fogging system (FOG) against MRSP. Sterile plastic surfaces inoculated with MRSP were treated with 200µL of QAC, AHP or HAL for the recommended contact times. For FOG, inoculated samples were placed in eight positions within a sealed room before fogging for the recommended contact time. Post-treatment bacterial counts were compared to untreated positive controls. Sterile uninoculated surfaces served as negative controls. Least-squares mean reduction (log10 ) in colony forming units (cfu) was 3.55 log10 for QAC (P<0.0001), 3.60 log10 for AHP (P<0.0001), 1.66 log10 for HAL (P<0.0001) and 0.32 log10 for FOG (P=0.004). QAC, AHP and HAL reduced MRSP cfu by 99.97%, 99.98% and 97.81%, respectively. FOG reduced cfu by 52.14%. QAC and AHP effectively disinfected surfaces inoculated with MRSP. Although HAL provided lower MRSP reduction, it may be considered clinically acceptable. FOG as a sole means of MRSP disinfection was not supported yet may have utility as an adjunctive disinfectant in clinical areas with bacterial densities lower than our experimental inoculum.

Automatic Spray Desinfectant Chicken With Android Based On Arduino Uno

Technology plays a very important role in human life. Many devices and applications are created to facilitate human work. In the world of chicken farming many problems are found both in terms of objects and their management. In chicken farms, problems often arise about the decline in the quality of livestock due to disease attacks. Diseases in chicken farms arise due to poor chicken coop conditions and lack of attention from the management. To maintain the condition of the chicken coop remains sterile from disease attacks, then spraying disinfectant chemicals. Disinfectant chemicals are classified as dangerous when exposed to the human body directly. Automatic chicken cage disinfectant spray with Android-based arduino UNO aims to simplify and provide a sense of security when spraying disinfectant for farmers. The process of spraying disinfectant can be done remotely using an Android smart phone application and Arduino Uno microcontroller hardware with Bluetooth communication. HC-05 bluetooth module as a communication medium between Android smart phone with arduino Uno, diarfaghma 12 vdc pump, 80 psi as spray disinfectant while disinfectant spray drive uses 5 vdc motor. Automatic chicken cage disinfectant spray can be done at a maximum distance of 10 meters.

Occupational airborne allergic contact dermatitis to linalyl acetate in a disinfectant spray.

Occupational airborne allergic contact dermatitis to linalyl acetate in a disinfectant spray.

Disinfectant demand challenges chemical supply chain

With demand for disinfectant wipes and sprays soaring from medical professionals and consumers seeking protection from the new coronavirus, producers of quaternary ammonium disinfectant compounds a...

Presence of Bacterial Pathogens and Levels of Indicator Bacteria Associated with Duck Carcasses in a Commercial Processing Facility

Little information has been published on the microbiological aspects of U.S. commercial duck processing. The objective of this study was to measure prevalence and/or levels of bacteria in duck samples representing the live bird and partially or fully processed oven-ready duck meat. At 12 monthly sampling times, samples were collected at six sites along the processing line in a commercial duck slaughter plant. Crop and cecum samples were collected at the point of evisceration. Whole carcass rinse samples were collected before and after carcass immersion chilling plus application of an antimicrobial spray. Leg quarters were collected from the cut-up line before and after application of an antimicrobial dip treatment. All samples (five from each site per monthly replication) were directly plated and/or enriched for Salmonella and Campylobacter. For the last 10 replications, carcass and leg quarter rinse samples were also evaluated for enumeration of total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and coliforms. Most cecum, crop, and prechill carcass rinse samples were positive for Campylobacter (80, 72, and 67%, respectively). Carcass chilling and chlorinated spray significantly lowered Campylobacter prevalence (P < 0.01), and even fewer leg quarters were positive for Campylobacter (P < 0.01). Passage through a chlorinated dip did not further reduce Campylobacter prevalence on leg quarters. Salmonella was infrequently found in any of the samples examined (≤10%). Total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli levels were reduced (P < 0.01) on whole carcasses by chilling but were not different after cut-up or leg quarter dip treatment. Overall, current commercial duck processing techniques as applied in the tested plant were effective for reducing the prevalence and levels of Campylobacter on duck meat products.

Effectiveness of Alcohol and Aldehyde Spray Disinfectants on Dental Impressions.

BackgroundThe gold standard for disinfection of dental impressions is by immersion although spray techniques are also available. This study compared the effectiveness of alcohol and aldehyde spray disinfectants on analogue dental impressions in a hospital setting.Materials and MethodsImpressions were swabbed after removal from the mouth (pre-disinfection) and after spraying (post-disinfection) with either a non-aldehyde alcohol-based disinfectant, Bossklein (Silsden, W Yorks, BD20 0EF, UK) or a glutaraldehyde-based alcohol-free disinfectant, MD520 (Dürr Dental, 74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany). Swabs were transported to the microbiology laboratory in Amies medium and plated onto sheep blood agar within 2 hrs. Plates were incubated for 3 days at 37°C then at room temperature for 3 days. After incubation, all plates were examined for microbial growth.ResultsA total of 87 impressions were assessed (alginate = 41; poly-vinyl siloxane (PVS) = 31; polyether = 15). The counts were categorized into two groups: no growth or growth present. Post-disinfection contamination was present on six alginate and six PVS impressions but only one polyether impression (x2 = 1.27, P > 0.05, NSS). Analysis of post-disinfection growth according to impression and disinfectant found significantly more contaminated PVS impressions with the alcohol-based spray than with the aldehyde spray (x2 = 5.37, p < 0.05). Disinfection with the aldehyde-based spray resulted in only two contaminated impressions, both in alginate.ConclusionAlcohol-based spray disinfection of dental impressions may be less effective than aldehyde spray and full immersion of impressions is recommended. Careful wetting or soaking of all surfaces of impressions is very important when using a spray.