Discussion Club Research Articles

“With human happiness…” PB Discussion Club

The connection between the work of the architect and the citizens’ happiness was discussed at a round table in the editorial office of the Project Baikal journal. Does the professional ethics of an architect and an urbanist include concern for the “amount of happiness” of the inhabitants of the city? What approaches and methods are used by architects to increase this amount? How can we be sure that we do not increase the amount of happiness of some groups of the population, while infringing on the “right to happiness” of other groups? Both young architects and experienced masters have expressed their opinion.

Обзор деятельности Московского дискуссионного клуба Международной общественной организации «Ассоциация исследователей Золотой Орды»

This article is a brief overview of the activities of the Moscow discussion club of the International Public Organization “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde”. The Moscow discussion club began its work only in the spring of 2021. Within its framework, more than a dozen different events were held in online and offline formats, from thematic reports to presentations of new publications on the theme of the Golden Horde. Within the framework of this article, we will not only provide a list of such scientific events over the entire existence of the Moscow discussion club of the International Public Organization “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde”, but also offer a report about the content of certain reports, and identify the features of research that were represented during the activities of the department. We will also propose a work plan for the Moscow discussion club up to the end of 2022, accepting, of course, that there may be some changes. We hope with this article to attract the interest of a wide range of researchers of the history of the Golden Horde to, first of all, the very fact of the existence of the “Association of Resear­chers of the Golden Horde”. Secondly, we hope to intensify joint cooperation in populari­zing the study of the history of the Golden Horde and its heritage, building contacts between researchers and holding various future scientific events, including within the framework of work by the Moscow discussion club of the “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde”.

Changes

This year has brought many changes in different parts of the world: here it has caused a stir on the land, and there it has calmed it down; here a luminary has set, there another one has begun to shine; here the world has learnt a new mystery of being, and there dwellings and generations have crumbled into ash.I. Goncharov. OblomovIf we continue the classic’s tirade, it should be noted that one of the changes has embraced not just separate parts, but the entire world. And that, of course, is the pandemic, with its insistent attempts to limit our freedoms, to force communication into the narrow confines of virtuality, and to change our way of life in general. Pandemic powerfully draws everyone’s attention, even from total digitalization and other progress.We confess immediately and frankly: we do not hope to cover the subject, it is too huge. What we put on the cover is not a claim to an exhaustive analysis of the topic, but rather a key word of the issue. So, CHANGES.The Russian government is putting forward a draft of the Eastern Turn. Its possible significance for the eastern regions of the country and for Irkutsk in particular is discussed by the members of the discussion club of pb (24). Another important and hotly debated change is related to global warming and its implications for geopolitics.To what extent does this time of change repeat a previous similar period in the middle of the last century? What mistakes were made, what opportunities were not seized, and what can we now learn from past experiences? Academicians Kudryavtsev and Bokov (58) reflect on the changes that caused a significant stir in national architecture in the 1950s and 1960s.Although pushed aside from the forefront, digitalization continues to promise a variety of wonders. We are in for multiclouds, 6G, holographic and haptic communications, virtual doubles and the primacy of artificial intelligence. Such things as unprecedented phenomena of digital nomads will appear. How ready are we for this?
 Our permanent author Peter Kapustin (32) asks a fateful question: will architecture together with the whole civilization dissolve in the accelerating stream of uncontrollable changes, or will it reassert itself as a full-fledged sphere of life, a bearer of civilization values?

The eastern turn: pb discussion club

On January 25, 2022 the discussion was focused on the issues related to the changes in Russian life during the first decades of the 21st century: pandemic and its consequences, the fate of cultural heritage, the place of architecture in the dynamics of social processes; the development of the Far North; the need for Oriental studies and education oriented to the East. Urban planners, architects, culturologists, and competent representatives of the government and higher education took part in the discussion.

BioSin UFMG Club: Engaging a multilevel and multidisciplinary community in synthetic biology.

Learning synthetic biology is often seen as a far distant possibility, restricted to those who have the privilege of an academic career. We propose a student-centered discussion group around synthetic biology, aimed at people from high school onwards with different backgrounds to interact and learn about synthetic biology. We developed a 14-week long program with three modules: "Leveling," "Introducing," and "Discussion." By completing the first two modules, the members should be more comfortable with biological names, structures, concepts, and techniques. The modules developed are available in Portuguese, Spanish, and English via the Open Lab Idea Real website (https://ideareal.org/clube-de-biologia-sintetica/) and can be used to implement the Club either in place or virtually around the world. We put it to practice at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) creating the Club named BioSin. There are programs such as the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition focused on disseminating synthetic biology. Although iGEM is one fantastic way of learning about synthetic biology, there is a high cost. Because of that, a study and discussion Club is a tool to spread knowledge and engage with the study area.

Marketing Management Development for Training Improvement English Learning “Conversation Club”

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to find out how to manage marketing, increase the quantity of the “Conversation Club” learning training.
 Design/methodology/approach: This research approach is quantitative. The method used is observation, interviews, and documentation.
 Findings: The result of this research is marketing management training: conversation club neighborhood MSMEs using the marketing mix. The proposed model 1) establishes a correspondence network by utilizing WhatsApp bunches starting from the RT to the city level, 2) framing discussion clubs by collaborating with educational organizations, and 3) collaborating. with environmental MSMEs as a commercial center (marketplace). Gap Research in products: trainees create a generation of quality and achievers. Price: using the concept of the magnitude of the conclusion. Place: neighborhood MSMEs that can be applied in Surabaya or in-house training. Promotion: promoting the establishment and cooperation with environmental MSMEs as a commercial center (marketplace) and marketing by conducting socialization to stakeholders.
 Research limitations/implications: Data innovation time is a test for the public, have not been able to take advantage of this change due to the limited English language, especially for young people which is useful.
 Practical implications: The motivation behind this exploration is to identify the English learning model as a discussion club in Karang Taruna which will also serve as a commercial center (market) for the neighborhood MSMEs as a commercial center (market), and will serve as a pilot project for all Karang Taruna in Indonesia.
 Originality/value: This Paper is original
 Paper type: Research paper

Discussion club of the journal "Historical Informatics": discussion of the book "Information. Historical Companion"

This article describes the continuation of the initiative of the editorial board of the journal "Historical Informatics" – a discussion club in which researchers can make reviews of current publications related to the field of interests of historical informatics. The article considers the "main character" of the next online meeting of the discussion club - the collective monograph "Information. Historical Companion" ("Information. A Historical Companion”). Recently, there has been an obvious interest in the interpretation of the concept of "information" in historiography, including in the historical context. Various dictionaries, anthologies and monographs on the "history of information" are becoming frequent novelties of leading international publishers.  The authors of the book "Information. Historical Companion" call their work the first in which such issues are considered comprehensively and in detail, with an attempt to trace global changes in information practices and technologies, although such an optimistic author's self-assessment can be doubted. The main structural elements of the collective monograph-dictionary are considered. The approach chosen by the authors is analyzed in the context of current historiography and various, sometimes competing definitions of the concept of information. L.I.Borodkin, I.M.Garskova, Yu.Yu.Yumasheva, D.S.Voronkova took part in the discussion club meeting, A.Y.Volodin moderated the discussion.

The Mission and the role of African women in solving of global problems of our time

In recent decades, all over the world, including on the African continent, there has been an unprecedented increase in the activity of women in the economy, social and political life, in the fields of culture, art, science and education. The international cooperation of representatives of state authorities and activists of women's organizations is being strengthened and expanded, a vivid example of which was the III Eurasian Women's Forum held in St. Petersburg on October 13-15, 2021, which brought together representatives from 110 countries and 20 international organizations. More than 90 events were held in the business part of the forum: sessions, discussion clubs, business dialogues, business meetings, during which topical issues related not only to the place and role of women in solving global problems of our time, but also problems affecting the life, health, well-being and progressive development of each individual and the world community as a whole were discussed.

To the Ukrainian People – a Stable and Balanced Development (Historical and Analytical Essays: Rethinking the Past). Part 3. Retrospective of the Formation of Planning and Economic Independence at Different Levels of Management: Ideas, People, Destinies

The article reveals the results of rethinking the formation of planning and economic independence of enterprises, associations and industries of the national economy (with specification on the example of the coal industry of Ukraine) under the influence of the Interdepartmental Commission for the Implementation of New Systems of Planning and Management Organization of the State Plan of the Ukrainian SSR in 1976-1990. In the context of awareness of the provisions of the “three S” doctrine (Social forecasting, Social planning, Social management), the strategizing of stable human-centered development has been carried out. The need to finalize the 2011, 2017 and 2020 draft of the Law of Ukraine “On State Planning” as a basis for building the Planning Code of Ukraine is justified. The experience of formation of the Sector of problems of the efficiency of management of Economic Research Institute of the State Plan of the Ukrainian SSR for scientific and methodological support of the development for the years 1976-1980, 1981-1985, 1986-1990 of the Plan for improving the management of the branches of the national economy of the subdepartmental Government of the Ukrainian SSR circle of ministries and departments of the republic is given. Based on the substantiation of the planned mechanism of harmonization of public, collective and personal economic interests, the essence of the initiative scientific work of the Sector of the Management Effectiveness of Economic Research Institute of the State Plan of the Ukrainian SSR regarding the modeling of the programtarget indicative planning of the socially-oriented economy of the republic as part of USSR was revealed. An example of integrated design of a comprehensive effective and flexible management system of mines, coal plants, industry as a whole in the conditions of planning and economic independence of the Ukrainian SSR as part of the USSR is given. Considered, as an alternative to the current Anglo-Saxon model of an open market with free prices, the methodological provisions of the two-sector model of the mixed economy “Market-Plan”, which should be used to clarify and improve the current market model of the economy in Ukraine. The article pays attention to a real example of the selection and training of domestic management personnel with innovative ideas of state-building, based on the example of the scientific work of Doctor of Economics, Professor Stolyarov Vasyl Fedosiyovych in 1972-1994, from a full-time graduate student of the university to the director of the Economic Research Institute of the State Plan of the Ukrainian SSR. Formulated questions for public discussion in the Discussion Club of the Academy of Economic Sciences of Ukraine.

From information to knowledge: historical context

The article reflects the author's speech in the discussion club of the journal "Historical Informatics" at a meeting dedicated to the discussion of the collective monograph "Information. A Historical Companion", published in 2021 at Princeton. The author examines not only the history of the functioning and evolution of information in various historical societies, but also the social history of science and technology related to the production of information and its transmission, dissemination and processing. It is this second aspect of this publication that is discussed in the article, it is he who is of the greatest interest in the context of modern applications of Data Science in the social sciences and humanities, as well as discussions about historical information and historical knowledge in the "digital age". Starting from the materials of the Companion, the article discusses the following questions: What role did discrete and analog approaches play in the formation of the concept of information in the late 1940s? What was the mutual influence of the outstanding scientists who created the theory of information? To what extent can these achievements be of interest to the historical (and, more broadly, the humanities) sciences? The position of the authors of the Companion is also discussed on the question of whether the concepts of "information" and "knowledge" should be associated with the position of the historian-researcher or with the perception of the subject of historical research? Peter Burke's point of view seems justified here, believing that throughout the centuries under consideration, people belonging to various historical societies were aware of information as a critical aspect of their lives.

A Reluctant Opposition: Soviet Liberals within the Moscow Tribune

The Moscow Tribune was the most prestigious and influential political discussion club in recent Russian history. In the last years of the Soviet Union, the club regularly gathered Moscow's who's who of the Soviet liberal intelligentsia and played a prominent role in the rise of movements that challenged Gorbachev's leadership over reforms. This article tells the forgotten story of the Moscow Tribune to historicize the notion of opposition in the context of perestroika, drawing on comparative studies of dissent in late communist regimes. A close analysis of the debates taking place at the club between 1988 and 1991 shows that Soviet liberals’ dramatic shift towards opposition was reluctant, reactive, and constantly disputed, thus revealing a lasting yet implicit dilemma regarding the need for opposition in democracy.

XXI festival “Zodchesvo in Siberia 2021”

The Festival “Zodchestvo of Eastern Siberia” was founded at the turn of the millennium. The first Festival was held in 2001 at Irkutsk Sibexpocenter and caused a massive outcry among the architectural community in Siberia and throughout the country.
 Later the Festival “Zodchestvo of Eastern Siberia” became one of the most important annual architectural events in Russia. The first participants of the Festival were the architects from Eastern Siberia (such cities as Irkutsk, Angarsk, Bratsk, Chita and Krasnoyarsk, republics of Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia, as well as Ust-Ordynsky and Aginsky national districts of Buryatia). Since 2007 architects from Western Siberia (Omsk and Barnaul) have also participated in the Festival. The Festival becomes open.
 The most topical issues are discussed at the Discussion Club of the Festival. Among the most prominent experts are A. Rappaport, O. Vendina, L. Kogan, A. Vysokovsky, A. Gimelstein, A.Kaftanov, M. Rozhansky, V. Dyatlov, A. Ivanov, D. Fesenko, A. Sirina, A. Finogenov. Prominent Russian architects give master classes, which enjoy great popularity. Thanks to the Festival, within twenty years, Siberian architects have met with masters from the capitals: Y. Gnedovsky, A. Asadov, S. Kiselev, A. Skokan, A. Bavykin, V. Plotkin, A. Savin, A. Cheltsov, A. Pavlova, S. Skuratov, N. Yavein, T. Kuzembaev, M. Mamoshin, Yu. Zemtsov, A. Bokov, T. Bashkaev, S. Gnedovsky, A. Chernikhov, V. Kuzmin, foreign architects M. Drahovsky, D. Dendra, G. Stanishev, as well as Siberian experts I. Popovsky, A. Myakota, P. Anisiforov, A. Dering and many other colleagues.
 The organizers consider the Festival to be a preparation stage for the International Festival “Zodchestvo” in Moscow. “Zodchestvo of Eastern Siberia” is traditionally held in Irkutsk. In 2014 it was first held in Krasnoyarsk, and in 2017 Krasnoyarsk housed the Festival for the second time. In the same year, Altai architects proposed to hold the next Festival in Barnaul. Thus, the Festival went beyond the borders of Eastern Siberia. We decided to maintain the name of the Festival, filling it with a new geographical meaning: “Zodchestvo in Siberia”. In 2018 the Festival was held in Barnaul, the capital of Altai, and in 2019 it was held in Tomsk. The twentieth-anniversary event took place on the native land, the city of Irkutsk. This year, Kemerovo celebrates the 300th anniversary of Kuzbass and hospitably hosts the Festival “Zodchestvo in Siberia 2021”.

The Smell of Factionalism: Left Opposition in the Vyatka Provincial Organization of the Bolshevik Party in 1923-1924

The activity of the Vyatka left opposition that arose during the internal party discussion in the fall of 1923 and the spring of 1924 is studied. The work is based on archival documents from the Central State Archive of Kirov Region, as well as on materials from the Vyatka Pravda party newspaper. The platform of the local opposition opposed the formation of factions but insisted on clarifying what factionalism is supposed to mean. The Left Opposition united the party community of the provincial city and adjacent working areas. Most party members initially expressed full confidence in the partys Central Committee. An analysis of archival material shows that the Vyatka opposition tried to establish a broad discussion of problems in internal party life. In the provincial center there was a party discussion club that organized heated discussions. The focus on clarifying the concepts of factions and groups reflected the desire of opposition supporters to avoid being accused of betraying the party and the cause of the revolution. Remarkably, until early January 1924 the left opposition had absolute support among party members in Vyatka. The article analyzes the Central Committees suppression of the local opposition in January - February 1924, and in particular the skillful techniques of Aron Solts and his supporters. At the final stage of the struggle, a group of conciliators arose among the members of the opposition, and contributed to the victory of the Central Committee line. The article clarifies reasons and circumstances of the defeat of the opposition, none of whose representatives openly stood in opposition to the majority of the Central Committee or called on ordinary members to protest. The authors demonstrate that the local left opposition was a situational unification of diverse forces, dissatisfied with the bureaucratization of the party, the growing dictatorship of the Central Committee, the newcomers, as well as the dominance of appointees from the Party and the Soviets. During the discussion in the organizations of the Party, the need for developing internal party democracy and a free discussion of the problems emerged, showing that there was a potential alternative to Stalinism. The main feature of the left opposition was that it formed and temporarily won the predominantly non-proletarian Vyatka, where before the 1917 revolution the zemstvo and city democratic self-government has gained roots; this is interpreted as a preservation of the demand for freedom and democracy in local society.

Implementation of media education and media literacy in the modern education system of Ukraine

The aim of this paper is to substantiate the prospects for the implementation of media education and media literacy in the modern Ukrainian education system. The article examines the domestic experience of implementing media into the education system, the particular features of the formation of media literacy in the students learning in higher education institutions of Ukraine. The term “media education” is defined as the process of personal development with assistance and on the material of the mass media samples resulting in shaping media literacy.
 The relevance of the problem of introduction of media education and media literacy in the education sphere prompts the need to introduce the additions to the academic plan that would present relevant components that refer to the development of students’ readiness for full interaction with the modern media system and media technologies usage.
 The methodology. In the research, we applied such methods of scientific cognition as analysis, synthesis as well as statistical and descriptive methods. We also applied analytical methods of generalizing various scientific concepts presented by experts in media education, media literacy and media competence. It is mandatory that the introduction of lectures, relevant courses and seminars, discussion clubs for students, conferences and “round tables” on media education, and conducting various cultural and educational activities for the population on the discussed subject should be actively promoted.
 The results. The specific needs and priorities of media education development have been determined in regard to the European values implying counteracting information threats from external sources. The introduction of media education in higher education institutions should become a crucial component of wise state policy. The relevance of media literacy as one of the main priorities of the state educational policy in students’ education at the present stage has been defined and proved.
 The topicality of this work lies in the generalization of a comprehensive strategy for the development of media education and media literacy in primary and secondary schools, in higher education institutions and public organizations.
 The practical significance of this study is development of theory and improvement of the strategy of media education and media literacy in higher education.

Formation of national self-consciousness of student youth in the course of public activity (From the experience of work of the regional complex scientific and methodical center of innovative technologies of the educational process of RSUH)

The article has analyzed the experience of the Regional Integrated Scientific and Methodological Center for Innovative Technologies of the Educational Process of Rivne State University for the
 Humanities in the formation of student youth's national identity in the public activity process. The purpose is to improve the professionalism and competitiveness of management, teaching, the development of employee readiness for innovation in a rapidly changing society, the ability to balance economic conditions and social development, mastering the basics of scientific activity in the educational space of both the region and the state as a whole.
 The structural divisions of the Center are Volunteer Center «From the heart to heart»; Gender Center «We are different – we are equal»; sociological research service; School of pedagogical skills; Event Center; student scientific group of local lore and ethnography direction «Colors of the native land»; discussion club «Space of thoughts»; problem groups «Methodological principles of master's research in pedagogy»; «Theoretical and methodological principles of modern education in the context of NUS»; «Career guidance and career development».
 It is proved that during the active involvement in the work of the Center, student youth learns socially significant values and cultural norms. Students develop a national identity, the experience of voluntary social activities. Virtually every student has the opportunity to choose the type of social activity. Identity is a quality of personality that allows everyone to feel able to participate in the social process, to find their measure of civic self-realization.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ПОЗААУДИТОРНОЇ РОБОТИМАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ МАТЕМАТИКИ В СЕРЕДОВИЩІ GEOGEBRA

The practical experience of organizing and conducting a discussion club “Science around us” as one of the effective forms of organizing extracurricular work of students is analyzed. For the competent conduct of the discussion club, a certain stage of holding meetings and preparation for them is determined, which is of a recommendatory nature. Taking the proposed scheme as a guide, you can understand the basic principles of working with a group, the emphasis and priority of stages.Purpose – to highlight the peculiarities of the organization of extracurricular work of students within the discussion club “Science around us”.Methods. The following research methods are used in the article: systematic analysis of psychological-pedagogical and scientific literature, information sources on the research problem; synthesis and generalization of theoretical positions, which were revealed in the analyzed literature; generalization of own pedagogical experience, and also the analysis of practical experience concerning the organization and carrying out of discussion club.Results. The article analyzes the scientific, psychological and pedagogical sources to reveal the essence of the concept of “extracurricular activities” of students. It is established that “extracurricular work” is a specially organized, purposeful event to deepen and expand knowledge, the formation of scientific interests, a variety of skills and abilities of students. The practical experience in organizing extracurricular work of students in GeoGebra on the basis of the organized discussion club “Science around us”, which is implemented at the Department of Informatics of Kharkiv National Pedagogical University named after G.S. Skovoroda, is highlighted. Popular science and physics and mathematics, modelling and research of models based on the principle “I – You – We”, which is proposed and this principle is revealed.Conclusions. Considering the introduction of such a form of organization of extracurricular activities as a discussion club, it is investigated that the introduction of this form of education contributes to the formation of the desire for further education and self-improvement of future teachers of mathematics.Key words: extracurricular work of students, GeoGebra environment, modelling, discussion club. Проаналізовано практичний досвід організації та проведення дискусійного клубу «Наука навколо нас» як однієї з ефективних форм організації позааудиторної роботи студентів. Для грамотного про-ведення дискусійного клубу визначена певна етапність проведення засідань та підготовки до них, яка носить рекомендаційний характер. Беручи запропоновану схему як орієнтир, можна зрозуміти основні принципи роботи з групою, розстановку акцентів та пріоритетність етапів.Мета – висвітлити особливості організації позааудиторної роботи студентів у межах дискусійного клубу «Наука навколо нас».Методи. У статті застосовано такі методи дослідження, як: системний аналіз психолого-педагогіч-ної та наукової літератури, інформаційних джерел з проблеми дослідження; синтез та узагальнення теоретичних положень, які було розкрито у проаналізованій літературі; узагальнення власного педаго-гічного досвіду, а також аналіз практичного досвіду щодо організації й проведення дискусійного клубу.Результати. У статті здійснено аналіз наукових та психолого-педагогічних джерел для розкрит-тя сутності поняття «позааудиторна робота» студентів. Встановлено, що позааудиторна робота – це спеціально організований, цілеспрямований захід з метою поглиблення та розширення знань, фор-мування наукових інтересів, різноманітних умінь і навичок студентів. Висвітлено практичний дос-від з організації позааудиторної роботи студентіву середовищі GeoGebra на базі організованого дискусійного клубу «Наука навколо нас», який реалізовано на кафедрі інформатики Харківського національного педагогічного університету імені Г.С.Сковороди. Висвітлено особливості організації позааудиторної роботи, які полягають у виокремлених специфічних напрямах: науково-популярно-му та фізико-математичному. Запропоновано проведення моделювання та дослідження моделей за принципом «Я – Ти – Ми» і розкрито такий принцип. Запропоновані етапи організації позааудитор-ної роботи студентів (цілепокладання, планування, реалізація, рефлексія). Наведено приклад роботи дискусійного клубу.Висновки. Розглядаючи питання запровадження такої форми організації позааудиторної діяльності, як дискусійний клуб, досліджено, що запровадження такої форми навчання сприяє формуванню праг-нення до отримання подальшої освіти та самовдосконалення майбутніх учителів математики.Ключові слова: позааудиторна робота студентів, середовище GeoGebra, моделювання, дискусійний клуб.

Real-virtual platforms for organizing events on environmental education of students of technical universities

The problem of environmental conservation is currently one of the most acute for the entire world community, and therefore one of the strategic directions for the development of modern higher technical education in Russia is to increase the level of environmental education of university students. The article discusses the ways of organizing educational work in technical universities using real-virtual platforms, provides a theoretical justification for the need to improve the effectiveness of methods of environmental education of university students, and identifies the specifics of organizing discussion clubs using real-virtual platforms. The paper presents the results of an empirical study of students ' participation in an experiment, during which they discussed environmental problems on the site of a real-virtual discussion club. The results of the study prove the high efficiency of conducting environmental educational activities on real-virtual sites.

Discussion Club of Istoricheskaya Informatika Journal. Discussing the Book “What is Digital History?” by Hannu Salmi

This article reports about the new initiative of the Historical Information Science Journal editorial board aimed at creating a discussion club to review topical monographs. The journal today covers many fields of history digitization such as historical information science, digital history, digital humanities. The first discussion of the club addresses the book by the Finnish Science Academy professor Hannu Salmi titled “What is Digital History?” (Medford: PolityPress, 2020). The first club meeting was attended by L.I. Borodkin, V.N. Vladimirov, I.M. Garskova, N.G. Povroznik and moderated by A.Yu. Volodin. The article briefly characterizes the series the reviewed book is a part of. Those are “What is history?” series by Polity publishing house. The author describes the monograph structure in general and analyzes new historiographic examples provided by H. Salmi which relate to digital history discussions and issues which are characterized by numerous approaches, opinions and projects. Considering the writer’s definition of digital history as a “mobile layer of historical research with multiple approaches, projects, publications, services and sources” the author concludes that this field can hardly be precisely defined nowadays. This is true of the experimental character of the majority of projects within this sphere.

II МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ФОРУМ "КАСПИЙ 2021: ПУТИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ" 26-28 МАЯ 2021 Г., АСТРАХАНЬ

The article gives an overview of the scientific forum "Caspian Region 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development" held on May 26-28, 2021 in the city of Astrakhan on the basis of the Astrakhan State University. The brief overview introduces the main directions of the forum related to the priority vectors of the Caspian macro-region development, touching upon the issues of cooperation in the scientific and educational sphere on the scale of the Great Caspian Sea, the development of the transport and logistics cluster, integrated safety and security in the context of the economic, cultural, environmental and geopolitical components, youth policy and education development issues. The International Scientific Forum "Caspian Region 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development" united leaders of the science system, higher education and youth policy, leading scientists, experts of higher education and will become the driver of the Year of Science and Technology in Russia. More than 20 events took place within the framework of the Forum: panel discussions, a national conference with international participation, a meeting of the Commission on Science, Research and Technology of the Association of State Universities of the Caspian Countries, a joint meeting of the Council of Rectors of Universities of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District, a meeting of the Caspian Discussion Club, round tables, excursions, presentations, lectures on relevant topics.

USE OF DISTANCE LEARNING TOOLS IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE EDUCATORS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

The article "Use of distance learning tools in the professional training of future educators of preschool education" describes the possibilities of using distance learning in the system of professional training of future educators of preschool education. The basis is a triad of components of professional training: fundamental, invariant and variable. The task of basic education is to provide optimal conditions for the formation of scientific thinking, development of scientific information base and modern methodology, education of the inner need for self-development and self-education throughout life. The invariant component is understood to be characterized by significant stability and stereotypes. It is dominated by: the focus on preserving traditional pedagogical approaches; integrative processes, their integrity and generalization. In this case, the invariant part is able to form professionally significant qualities in accordance with modern requirements for the development of psychological and pedagogical science and practice by transforming them in accordance with the new social conditions. The variable component is characterized by: flexibility, innovation, openness to the new in science and technology; dominance of differentiated knowledge. The article also presents the ascertaining stage of the study of the state of formation of the ability to partner by personal-communicative and activity criteria. The toolkit of information and communication technologies for the purpose of increase of a level of special preparation is offered. In particular, the creation of a joint media product, participation in project activities, communication through social networks, blogs, chat correspondence, the use of electronic and mobile applications in the process of goal setting and planning, the use of ICT in the process of recovery, emotional stability, future activity, participation in the work of the Discussion Club, presentation of the results of pedagogical research in the format of a webinar.