Categories Of Discourse Research Articles

HUMILIATION AND INSULT IN DISCOURSE

The article discusses the difference between the legal and common linguistic understanding of the categories “humiliation” and “insult”. Special attention is paid to the problem of usage of these semantic categories in discourse, i.e. to their correlation with the notions “speech strategy” and “speech act”. The material under study includes the definitions from the Criminal and Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, about a thousand contexts ranging from one sentence to a short text fragment taken from the Russian National Corpus, Internet library “Google.books.ru”, Runet communications published in blogs, forums and on social networking sites and from online news sites. Apart from text fragments, the material under analysis includes multimedia objects - scenes from movies depicting situations of humiliation or insult. In general, insult is a separate speech act, whereas humiliation is a speech strategy which can be realized both in a single and in a complex speech (and not only speech) act. By using various insults, the subject (or a group of subjects) can realize not the strategy of insult but the strategy of humiliation. It means that it is still humiliation that is the final result of a series of planned insults. In order to avoid conflicts in expert and forensic practices in cases of humiliation and insult, it is necessary that both these notions (and not only insult) be defined in the law. And it is also imperative that these definitions should not come into significant conflict with the use of the corresponding notions in the communicative practice of the Russian language speakers.

Entrustable Professional Activities for Community Medicine: Integrating Medical Undergraduate Courses and Primary Health Care

Community medicine represents a far-reaching field for the advance of health care, with impact on people’s quality of life and health needs. Health promotion, disease prevention, recovery and rehabilitation have to be incorporated satisfactorily into medical education. The search for a pedagogical tool to fulfill the medical curriculum through actions of community medicine care led us to outline 11 Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for community medicine. The study was carried out at a public Medical School in Brazil that has a Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC). Fifteen teachers with expertise in community medicine analyzed the resulting EPAs. The EPAs were distributed in three domain areas: care needs of the individual, family and community in Primary Health Care. The teachers answered a total of 13 open questions in a two-round Delphi study. The discourses were submitted to thematic content analysis. Three discourse categories were found about the outlined EPAs: curriculum management and social needs, curriculum management and service integration, and curriculum management and actors. The understanding of the EPAs as a curriculum management tool was relevant, as well as their interface with health care and learning development. The consulted teachers agreed with the designed EPAs and that they are adequate for the first two years of the studied medical course in their Brazilian context. Therefore, it was concluded that the community medicine EPAs are appropriate for the new medical profile, especially in countries with social exclusion, and are a very good tool to promote integrality of care and humanism. This study can facilitate the implementation of a CBC in community medicine and assist in overcoming its challenges through the adoption of the designed EPAs.

A Study on Science Education of Chinese English Textbooks in Senior High School from the Perspective of Multimodality

With the advent of the post epidemic era, discourse analysis based on systemic functional linguistics has undergone corresponding changes. As one of the key categories of science discourse, the discourse of science education has become one of the research hot spots. The reasonable arrangement, presentation and proportion of Chinese science education in English textbooks of senior high school are of positive significance to improve students' scientific literacy and broaden their horizons. This study aims to analyze the discourse of science education, including the contents, integration forms, meaning construction, relation between image and text by using qualitative methods and investigate the attitude of teachers towards science education in Chinese English textbooks of senior high school by using quantitative methods from the perspective of multimodality based on textbook evaluation theory, visual grammar, and relation theory of image and text. A total of 228 teachers from five different Chinese cities as Anyang, Luoyang, Luohe, Xuchang were investigated. The conclusion are: (1) it should pay attention to increase cognition education of science and technology frontier, design the content of science education more scientifically; (2) it should pay attention to use multimodality to strengthen science education rather than single modal; (3) it should adopt the presentation forms of multimodality which teachers and students prefer and easy to accept in order to improve the teaching effect and guidance of science education in senior high school.

Britaniya media diskursunda leksik təkrarlar

The article deals the study of lexical repetitions in British media discourse. It looks at lexical repetition as one of the types of lexical cohesion and explores different approaches to lexical cohesion. This theme draws interest from the point of view of the usage of diverse types of lexical cohesion in the British media discourse. The features of lexical cohesion in British media are a widely studied field of the discourse sphere. İt is also significant category of discourse, for here the talking subject with all his intentions comes to therefore. The relevance of the study lexical cohesion of the British media discourse is very high, because understanding the cohesion in British media discourse is one of the most important aspect when studying it, because all speeches, communications, written and spoken discourse everyone use them differently in their language.

Analysis of Different Categories of Epistemic and Metacognitive Discourse in Argumentation

Argumentative practices have been shown to deepen understanding and improve academic performance. After 10 years of work with science curricula designed to develop reasoning, we present a framework grounded in data from our projects for identifying different forms of metacognitive engagement in science inquiry classes. We focus on four categories of discourse from our data: object of thought or discourse; expressions of what someone is thinking; degree of specificity; and discourse applying and tailoring understanding of epistemic cognition to particular topics. We present multiple examples in each of these categories. Our goal is to provide analytic tools along with examples to better identify and code argumentative discourse that advances students' apt epistemic performance.

A Corpus Stylistic Analysis of Speech and Thought Presentation in James Joyce’s Dubliners

This article utilizes the theory of narrative style which is interesting from both the standpoint of literary stylistics as well as from that of the theory of communication. In this framework, the relation of a narrator to a reader is the basic relationship underlying all narrative structures. According to this basic relationship a number of ways of narration are differentiated or, as Mc Hale (1978) calls them represented/reported discourse. This article endeavours a systematic analysis of the stylistic devices used in fictional writing for the representation of a character’s speech and thought. So, the present study attempts to analyze the interaction between categories of speech and thought presentation in James Joyce’s Dubliners by applying Leech and Short Model (2007). Excerpts of 2000-word length have been selected and manually tagged to have the accurate annotation keeping in mind the contextual potential to recognize discourse categories in Joyce fiction and then corpus software AntConc (Laurence Anthony, 2018) was used to get quantitative results. Since fictional texts display the tendency to move between categories of speech and thought presentation as well as between the modes within one category and its demarcation is a real challenge to the researchers. The practical part of research was done on the basis of short stories from James Joyce’s Dubliners. Special emphasis is given to variations between the two modes as well as to the instances of ambiguity created by their interplay.

Concept of Communicative Roles in Modern Linguistics: Challenges and Research Perspectives

Abstract. The article addresses the issue of communicative roles from viewpoint of their discursive and cognitive properties. Particular attention has been given to the problem of communicative roles’ interrelation with other cognitive-discursive phenomena. The research aims at identifying the main approaches to the communicative roles in present-day linguistics with a focus on the roles’ interplay with related concepts of identity, “face” and subject’s positioning. In handling the research tasks, the paper employs the compound methodology involving the general scientific methods of induction, deduction, introspection and analysis added by the method of generalization of scientific results in different areas of discursive research in order to identify functional properties and cognitive-discursive manifestations of communicative roles. The major findings relate to interdisciplinary significance of the concept of communicative role for such approaches of the modern cognitive-discursive paradigm as critical discourse analysis, conversational analysis, face and politeness theory, positional theory and role identity theory. The paper identifies discourse-forming functions of communicative roles in conversation structuring and development in support of the idea of the role exchange or turn-taking as the basic category of conversational discourse. The cognitive facet of communicative roles relates to their interplay with cognitive-discursive phenomena, including identity, subjective positioning, and personal and social face. The paper focuses on two vectors of interrelations: the discursive facets of identity, subjective position and “face”, manifested by communicative roles, and functions of roles in identity-building, face-maintaining and subject position forming.

Law, Critique, and the True Believer’s Experience (Hommage à Pierre Schlag)

This essay engages with the work of Pierre Schlag and argues that an earlier true belief in law’s systemic modes of production of necessities and naturalistic realities maximizes the possibility of coming up with an acute amenability towards law’s hidden works and thought-governing structures. The essay also speculates that most of the radical legal thinkers that currently populate the legal academy once excelled at the discovery, refinement, and defence of ultra-sophisticated, aesthetic, and mutually supporting abstract categories of legal discourses, and were thus once true believers in their career.

Irony as a Cultural and Language Phenomenon

The article focuses on irony as a multilateral phenomenon, which is the subject of many spheres: history, philosophy, culture, literature, linguistics etc. Different views on irony’s production and interpretation, as well as its development in history, are analyzed. Irony is viewed as a historic and cultural phenomenon, as well as a linguistic one. Irony exists in the sphere of other phenomena - humour, satire, sarcasm, joke etc. These notions are interrelated, they have something in common, yet irony has its own characteristics and peculiarities. It is stated that irony and language are inseparable, irony can function as an utterance, as a speech act and as a speech genre. The aim of the article is to analyze the characteristics of irony in discourse and to determine the conditions of efficient ironic communication. The author argues that irony as a discourse category is a common product of both the speaker and the recipient. Thus, to be effective, an ironic speech act needs proper cultural, social and psychological atmosphere. Theoretical basis is represented by both classical works on the nature of the comic, and contemporary research on irony.

The Narrative Past Inflection in Sesotho Child and Child-Directed Speech

This study investigates a low-frequency verbal inflection called the ‘narrative past’ in child and child-directed speech in the Bantu language Sesotho. Since the function of the Sesotho narrative past is not well-described, this study aimed to illuminate both function and acquisition trends in the Demuth Sesotho Corpus (Demuth, 1992). This construction has been assumed to be under-specified for tense, comparable in function to the better-known Swahili -ka- inflection. The Swahili form, in turn, has been said to function in ‘clause chains’ that are functionally and structurally similar to such chains in Papuan and other languages. We expected that if the Sesotho narrative past is indeed functionally similar to Swahili -ka-, its distribution in child-directed speech and acquisition by children may pattern similarly to tense-less verb forms in non-Bantu clause chaining languages such as the Papuan language Nungon, where such verb forms can comprise over 20% of all verb tokens in child-directed and child speech at age 3;3. This study thus examined the conversational interactions of four children acquiring Sesotho in a village setting, aged 2;1 to 4;7. All 492 tokens of the narrative past form were coded for syntactic and discourse categories. Results show that the Sesotho narrative past generally occurs in much ‘looser’ discourse chains than in the clause chains of languages like Nungon; for Sesotho, other turns or elements can intervene between narrative past-framed mentions of previously-introduced topics. Further, the Sesotho narrative past has very low frequency in both child and child-directed speech, representing less than 3% of all verb tokens for both registers. There is possible evidence that one of the target children uses the Sesotho narrative past in increasing proportions as his linguistic sophistication increases, though there is no proportional increase in child-directed speech. Thus, in function and distribution, in both child-directed and child speech, the Sesotho narrative past form differs greatly from tense-less forms in more canonical clause chaining languages.

Analysis of the Lemma Mateřství (Motherhood)

Abstract The paper presents results of analysis of the lemma mateřství ‘motherhood’. The authors applied methods of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis – the corpus assisted discourse studies approach – in order to survey representations of the lemma in Czech journalistic texts published from 2010 to 2014, sorted the results into discourse categories on the basis of collocation and concordance analysis, and found out that chief referential discourse-of-motherhood categories were surrogate motherhood, relationship of motherhood and career, delight from motherhood, family relationships, financial and time aspects of motherhood, changes brought by motherhood, and active motherhood. Surrogate motherhood was presented as a solution to women who cannot have a baby themselves, nevertheless also as a complicated issue, in which case emphasis was put on relevant legislation. Motherhood was presented as a danger for a woman’s career, however also as a source of joy, an essential relationship within a family, a right for financial support from the state, a life change, an activity, and an entity closely connected to time factors.

Public engagement in health technology assessment in Brazil: the case of the Trastuzumab public consultation

BackgroundPublic engagement in health technology assessment (HTA) is increasing worldwide. There are several forms of public engagement and it is not always possible to determine which stakeholders participate in the HTA process and how they contribute. Our objective was to investigate which types of social representatives contributed to the public consultation on the incorporation of Trastuzumab for early-stage breast cancer treatment within the public health system in Brazil, held in 2012 by the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC).MethodsA mixed methods approach was used to analyze social representativeness and the composition of the corpus from the public consultation, which consisted of 127 contributions. Three types of analysis were performed using IRaMuTeQ software: classic lexical analysis, descending hierarchical classification and specificities analysis. The contributions were clustered according to the main categories of discourse observed, into four social representation categories: 1) patient representation/advocacy; 2) pharmaceutical industry/advocacy; 3) healthcare professionals; and 4) individual contributions.ResultsCategory 1 contained words related to increased survival due to use of the drug and a low score for words pertaining to studies on Trastuzumab. The word “safety” obtained a positive score only in category 2, which was also the only category that exhibited a negative score for the word “risk”. Category 3 displayed the lowest scores for “diagnosis” and “safety”. The word “efficacy” had a negative score only in category 4.ConclusionsEach category exhibited different results for words related to health systems and to key concepts linked to HTA. Our analysis enabled the identification of the most prominent contributions for each category. Despite the promising results obtained, further research is needed to validate this software for use in analyzing public contributions.

Information psychological war as discursive practice on the pages of fiction

The purpose of the article is to outline the specifics of the discourse of information psychological war on the material of fiction.As a result of consistent interpretation of the key concepts as the basis of the linguo-philosophical aspect of the study, it is concluded that information psychological war as a socio-and linguo-cultural phenomenon responds to all the features and categories of discourse. The object of this research consists in the implementation of the information psychological war subtype, the dominant attribute of which is the material / object of study (a combination of aesthetic function with a number of social ones) and the content heterogeneity of the text as a condition for the potential realization of any discourses in it. The author raises an is sue about the scientific and ethical pro and contra of the research of fiction from the information psychological war perspective. The conclusion is made about the necessity of introducing the factor of “degree” of confrontation / struggle and, accordingly, the study of the fiction for the individual symptoms / features of information psychological war.The conditions and criteria for their establishment in specific practices are formulated.The article presents the targets of information psychological war in the discursive practices studied earlier by the author.In conclusion, the criteria for the selection of fiction texts in the aspect of information psychological war and the criteria for distinguishing information psychological war symptoms from social criticism are summarized.

Communicative situation «discussion on the law of the state symbols disrespect» in the aspect of informational and psychological conflict

The paper analyzes one of the internal Russian political discourse types – «discussion on the law», which demonstrates the informational and psychological confrontation between the people and the authorities inside the country. The authors pay particular attention to the discussion on the law of the state symbols disrespect and characterization of the public reaction to this law. The headlines of the texts of media articles related to the discussion of the law have been analyzed. According to their pragmatic content these headlines are classified into factual, persuasive and directive. Attention is paid to the concept of «indecent form», which underlies the procedure of information access restricting as a form of punishment for violating the law. This concept is interpreted as a textual category of conflict discourse, including, first of all, obscene and potentially conflicting vocabulary. The paper presents the results of «discussion on the law» communicative situation modeling, components of which are the role positions of the participants, their communicative goals, strategies and language features of the statements. These communication strategies emphasize the presence of confrontation between the people and the authorities, if the authorities restrict the actions of the people at the legislative level. It is proved that the considered communicative situation is a conflict discourse in which each participant (the authorities, media, people) wants to achieve his goal and uses tactics comparable to the tactics of military actions (provocation, attack and defense).

O HIV, O CIBORGUE, O TECNOBIODISCURSIVO

RESUMO O presente artigo pretende fazer uma leitura do dispositivo crônico da aids a partir das discussões sobre o pós-humanismo, tendo como pressuposto o conceito de tecnobiodiscursivo e seus efeitos. A hipótese a ser defendida é que esse dispositivo funcionaria como um modelo provocativo do pos-humanismo. Para tanto, inicialmente recorre à caracterização do tecnobiodiscursivo, segundo a ordem da cisão entre as modalidades de vida que, no capitalismo tardio, tem inscrições híbridas e colocam em suspenso categorias isoladas de corpo, sujeito e discurso. Depois, parte-se para uma descrição do dispositivo crônico da aids, a partir de uma breve genealogia, de modo a relacionar a cronicidade e suas estratégias médico-farmacológicas a novas modalidades de vida. Por fim, atenta-se para a possibilidade de aduzir, das discussões entre dispositivo e acontecimento tecnobiodiscursivo, um modelo provocativo de pós-humano.

Цифровые граждане, цифровое общество и цифровая гражданственность

The article discusses the basic interpretations of the categories of digital citizen, and digital citizenship. The author pays the main attention to the representation of these categories in the scientific discourse and in Russian political practices.

Коммуникативный феномен морально-этических посылов Иисуса Христа: дискурсивно-типологический аспект

В статье рассматривается специфика формообразования дискурсивно-информационного пространства в этнокультуре древних иудеев в контексте учений Иисуса Христа. Ключевой моделью коммуникативного поведения Мессии был посыл. Посыл же рассматривается как новая термино-понятийная категория современной дискурсологии и коммуникативной лингвистики. В контексте коммуникативной концепции Сына Божьего следует воспринимать как базисную модель, которая отличается от поучений, нравоучений, наставлений, морализации, пророческого императива и т.п. Предложенная интерпретация представляет собой несколько иной тип разворачивания идеи, ее композиционно-тематическое оформление. В основе коммуникативно-информационного посыла в текстах Нового Завета лежит морально-этическая конструкт-платформа, главная цель которой состоит в изменении культурно-духовных констант и стереотипов и направлении мира человека в благоразумное и богоугодное русло. Это является главной миссией Иисуса Христа как Сына Божьего – законодателя устройства Вселенной и человеческой цивилизации.

Deontic authority in intervention discourse: Insights from bystander intervention

Our study offers a linguistic–pragmatic examination of instances of bystander intervention, a social action that takes place when a bystander or a group of bystanders intervenes when a wrongdoer abuses a victim or behaves outside socially acceptable norms. We approach this social phenomenon by analyzing data drawn from a database of 11 video-recordings that all involve naturally occurring interactions in public settings in China. The notion of intervention discourse is tentatively introduced in this study to distinguish it from those used to achieve other communicative purposes and to disclose some recurrent patterns of language use in bystander intervention. The data analysis summarizes six categories of intervention discourse along the continuum of strong to weak intervention: terminating, consequence-stating, advising, judging, appealing and stance-taking. Our study demonstrates that the skillful exercise of deontic authority embodied in intervention discourse might have a tangible influence on the outcome of the intervention.

The Rhetoric of Seeing in Attic Forensic Oratory

The Rhetoric of Seeing in Attic Forensic Oratory

Methods of analysisof text and discourse categories by foreign students of philology

The article substantiates the principles of analysis of text and discourse categories in the process of formation of foreign undergraduates’ ability to analyze the literary text. These principles include the following: 1) correspondence of the texts selected for analysis with the prototype version; 2) taking into consideration the relationship and determinacy of all categories in the text, and the understanding that the isolation and analysis of each category individually is carried out exclusively for educational purposes; 3) taking into consideration the discursive nature of the text; 4) understanding the analysis of the text as a creative process of perception, interpretation, increment of meaning on the basis of the linguistic fabric of the text and the experience of the linguistic existence of the recipient; 5) analysis of the text is a new level of cognition of the world: the knowledge of the functioning of the language in different regions of Russia, the culture of the native speakers, their moral foundations and traditions. Based on the analysis of the category of intertextuality, the author describes the stages of the work and the system of tasks for the formation of professional skills of foreign students majoring in philology. The first stage (preparation for the lesson) is proposed to be provided with special materials: a text with theoretical data structured and compressed in 3-4 pages, supplemented with questions for self-control and 1-2 simple test tasks. At the same stage, undergraduates read a literary miniature text with a vocabulary. This text (0.5-1.5 pages) is to be analyzed in the classroom, as well as 2-3 texts of journalistic style of the same volume each subordinated to the enrichment of the recipientʼs presupposition. The second stage (work in the classroom) includes a system of exercises: a) aimed at enriching the vocabulary and syntactic structure of speech with special terminology and structures that are used in the analysis; b) aimed at understanding, interpretation, and increment of meanings in the semantic space of the intertext; c) aimed at the complete text analysis.