Disaster Safety Research Articles

Polyphonic Sound Event Detection Based on Residual Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network With Semi-Supervised Loss Function

Polyphonic sound event detection (SED) is an emerging area with many applications for smart disaster safety, security, life logging, etc. This paper proposes a two-stage polyphonic SED model when strongly labeled data are limited but weakly labeled and unlabeled data are available. The first stage of the proposed SED model is constructed by a residual convolutional recurrent neural network (RCRNN)-based mean teacher model with convolutional block attention module (CBAM)-based attention. Then, the second stage fine-tunes the student model from the first stage by applying the proposed semi-supervised loss function to accommodate the noisy targets of weakly labeled and unlabeled data. The proposed SED model is applied to both Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) 2019 Challenge Task 4 and DCASE 2020 Challenge Task 4, and its performance is compared with those of the baseline and top-ranked models from both challenges by measuring the F1-score and polyphonic sound detection score (PSDS). The experiments show that the RCRNN-based first-stage model with CBAM-based attention achieves a higher F1-score and PSDS than the baseline and top-ranked models for both challenges. Furthermore, the proposed two-stage SED model with the semi-supervised loss function improves the F1-score by 6.1% and 4.6% compared to the top-ranked models from DCASE 2019 and 2020, respectively.

Introducing a Long-term Course in the Disaster and Safety Field

Currently, in the disaster response process, problems such as limited government responsiveness and the lack of expertise and specialized human resources are emerging. There is an urgent need to introduce an educational course to strengthen systematic specialized education in order to cultivate the necessary job knowledge and on-site responsiveness. Therefore, this paper presents a proposal for introducing a long-term course in the field of disaster safety. The paper analyzes the current state of disaster safety management systems and specialized education and introduces long-term courses in the field of disaster safety through analysis of the government's response to the occurrence of existing large-scale disasters and analysis of questionnaires. The necessity was confirmed in the study, and an improvement plan of the current law and system for establishing the long-term course is proposed. The results showed that there is a need for education to cultivate the expertise of disaster safety management civil servants and the ability to solve problems in the field. Based on the analysis of questionnaires, the basis for promoting the introduction of long-term courses was set up, and it was possible to separately present institutional improvement plans such as securing capacity. The study may contribute to the realization of a safer society through the training of Korean-style emergency managers to develop both disaster safety management ability and the ability to solve problems.

가뭄 위험 수준 분석을 통한 지능형 재난 안전 경보 시스템 개발 연구

현재 위기경보는 재난유형별 상황 전개에 따른 메커니즘, 재난 유형별 위험 수준 특성 등에 대한 고려 없이 당장 획득 가능한 위험정보를 바탕으로 일괄적으로 위기경보를 발령, 격상, 해제하고 있으며, 위기경보가 행정적 절차로만 운영되다 보니 위기징후가 있음에도 인식하지 못하여 판단이 늦어져 사고가 발생하고 피해가 확산되는 경향이 크다.BR 본 논문에서는 국내외에서 진행하고 있는 위험수준 분석 방법을 사전 조사하고 가뭄 재난에 대하여 국내 실정에 적합한 위험 수준 평가 시 고려하여야 하는 8가지 요소에 대한 위험 수준 평가를 위한 기준을 제시하고 지수화 하였다. 자동화된 위험 수준 분석을 위하여 과거에 수집된 가뭄데이터를 수집하고 이를 반영하여 지도 학습 기반의 기계 학습 방법으로 판단트리 모델을 제안하였다.

Viscoelastic Parameter Prediction of Multi-Layered Coarse-Grained Soil with Consideration of Interface-Layer Effect

Study on viscoelastic properties of the multi-layered coarse-grained soil (CGS) is very important for safety assessment and disaster prevention of subgrade engineering. Current research work is mainly focused on the one-layered CGS and the actual pebble inclusion of irregular polyhedron is usually simplified as an ideal shape of sphere or ellipsoid. Very few studies are available for predicting viscoelastic parameters of the multi-layered CGS. In this paper, a new method is proposed to predict viscoelastic parameters of multi-layered CGS based on the homogenization method and elastic–viscoelastic corresponding principle, in which the interface-layer viscoelasticity and the actual shape of pebble inclusion are firstly taken into account. Research results show the creep deformation is decreased with the increase of the shape factor (ρ) of pebble inclusion, and the interface-layer height (h) and numbers (N). ρ is in the range of 1–1.8 and the suitable interface-layer height is 20–30% as much as the height of one-layered CGS. The tested creep curves of the multi-layered CGS agree well with the predicted ones and can prove the existence of the interface-layer (considering at least one interface-layer) and verify the validity of this new interface-layer method.

A Suggestion for Disaster Relief Governance - Comparing NVOAD in the US and KDSN in South Korea -

Both the Korean Disaster Safety Network (KDSN) and the National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (NVOAD) in the US were established for effective civil governance on disaster relief, but produced quite different outcomes. This study aimed to overcome limitations of previous studies taking governance as given and suggest how to improve the Korea’s disaster relief governance. In an organizational perspective, a simple and parallel organizational structure of KDSN makes coordination difficult in disaster due to the different capability of each organization, and thus a systemic perspective would be needed for effective and synergistic decision-making structure. In an operational perspective, KDSN has focused on a one-time campaign outcome and was weak in information sharing and networking. In an institutional perspective, the KDSN’s official status should be strengthen to assume the role of governance and on-scene responsibility. A strategic approach is needed for effective coordination of the Korea’s disaster relief governance.

R&D Alliance Operation Plan to Strengthen Competitiveness of Disaster Safety Technology Development

R&D Alliance Operation Plan to Strengthen Competitiveness of Disaster Safety Technology Development

개인, 직무, 조직관련 요인이 재난안전 공무원의 반응행동(EVLN)에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

개인, 직무, 조직관련 요인이 재난안전 공무원의 반응행동(EVLN)에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Current Status and Planning Improvement through Case Studies of Nursing Homes in the View of Disaster Safety - Focused on the Cases of Cheongju City, Chungbuk -

Current Status and Planning Improvement through Case Studies of Nursing Homes in the View of Disaster Safety - Focused on the Cases of Cheongju City, Chungbuk -

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KESIAPAN BENCANA (DISASTER PREPAREDNESS)

Garut Regency is one of the regencies in West Java that is prone to disasters, floods, landslides, earthquakes, fires and tornado winds. Readiness is part of the initial step for disaster. Readiness is an activity carried out to anticipate disasters through organizing activity with appropriate steps. The purpose of this research was find out the description of community knowledge on disaster readiness in Garut Regency. This research method used descriptive quantitative. The instrument in collecting data used questionnaires, with cluster random sampling technique by processing data using slovin formula as many as 84 people based on frequency distribution. The results showed that the knowledge of community in five districts of Garut Regency with the highest category was bad category 47 (56.0%). The majority of disaster readiness knowledge in Garut Regency showed that most public knowledge was bad, it needs to be given information and counseling related to the concept of disasters and how to prevent them. Disaster readiness is very important in disaster safety. The results of this study were expected to be used as a basic material and experience for the provision and knowledge of disaster readiness, with the aim of saving the lives, property and reducing casualties.Keywords : Disaster Readiness, Knowledge

The Analysis of Importance-Performance Degree and Needs for Developing Young Children Disaster Safety Education Program

The Analysis of Importance-Performance Degree and Needs for Developing Young Children Disaster Safety Education Program

재난 발생 시 시설물 경영관리를 위한 재난안전 평가지침 및 스마트기술을 활용한 대피유도기술 개발에 관한 연구

재난 발생 시 시설물 경영관리를 위한 재난안전 평가지침 및 스마트기술을 활용한 대피유도기술 개발에 관한 연구

부산지역주민의 재난안전인식이 주관적 웰빙에 미치는 영향 -스트레스의 조절효과-

재난의 위험이 증가함에 따라 안전이 지역주민의 웰빙에 중요한 요인으로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구는 부산지역주민을 대상으로 재난안전인식이 주관적 웰빙에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 이 과정에서 스트레스의 조절효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위해 2018년도 『부산사회조사』 자료를 분석에 활용하였으며, 최종적으로 33,497케이스가 분석에 포함되었다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재난안전인식이 높을수록 주관적 웰빙수준도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 스트레스수준이 높을수록 주관적 웰빙수준은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 재난안전인식과 주관적 웰빙과의 관계에서 스트레스가 조절효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 부산지역주민의 주관적 웰빙을 향상시키기 위해서는 스트레스 요인을 최소화하고 재난안전인식을 고양시키기 위한 교육 및 정책마련이 필요하다. 또한 스트레스에 대한 취약성이 높은 집단을 대상으로 집중적 프로그램 개발 및 지원이 필요하다.

Residents working with M\xe9decins Sans Fronti\xe8res: training and pilot evaluation

BackgroundWell-prepared humanitarian workers are now more necessary than ever. Essential to the preparation process are: clearly defined learning objectives, curricula tailored to the nuances of humanitarian settings, simulation-based training, and evaluation. This manuscript describes a training program designed to prepare medical residents for their first field deployment with Médecins Sans Frontières and presents the results of a pilot assessment of its effectiveness.MethodsThe training was jointly developed by the Research Center in Emergency and Disaster Medicine- CRIMEDIM of the Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy, and the humanitarian aid organization Médecins Sans Frontières- Italy (MSF-Italy); the following topics were covered: disaster medicine, public health, safety and security, infectious diseases, psychological support, communication, humanitarian law, leadership, and job-specific skills. It used a blended-learning approach consisting of a 3-month distance learning module; 1-week instructor-led coaching; and a field placement with MSF. We assessed its effectiveness using the first three levels of Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model.ResultsEight residents took part in the evaluation. Four were residents in emergency medicine, 3 in anesthesia, and 1 in pediatrics; 3 of them were female and the median age was 31 years. Two residents were deployed in Pakistan, 1 in Afghanistan, 1 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 1 in Iraq, 2 in Haiti and 1 on board of the MSF Mediterranean search & rescue ship. Mean deployment time was 3 months. The average median score for the overall course was 5 (excellent). There was a significant improvement in post-test multiple choice scores (p = 0.001) and in residents’ overall performance scores (P = 0.000001).ConclusionResidents were highly satisfied with the training program and their knowledge and skills improved as a result of participation.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (date 24-02-2016, study code UPO.2015.4.10).

Design of Real-time Disaster Safety management Solution in a Smart Environment

Design of Real-time Disaster Safety management Solution in a Smart Environment

Empirical Verification of Conversion and Restoration of Preservation Format for Dataset: Application of Dataset with Disaster Safety Information to SIARD

Empirical Verification of Conversion and Restoration of Preservation Format for Dataset: Application of Dataset with Disaster Safety Information to SIARD

4차 산업혁명 시대의 VR/XR 기반 재난안전 훈련기술에 관한 고찰 : VR/XR 기반의 소방훈련을 중심으로

어느 시대든 재난을 예방하고 대응을 하려는 노력은 끊임없이 되어 왔지만, 효과적인 방법이 그다지 없어 재난 유형의 반복과 경감되지 않는 재난으로 피해는 줄어들지 않았다. 4차 산업혁명 시대의 도래로 인간의 재난 예방과 대응에 대한, 효과적인 방법들을 찾아내기 시작했고 ICT가 융합된 재난 예방대응기술을 응용하기에 이르렀다. 대표적인 것이 이 연구의 핵심인 Virtual Reality/Extended Reality System으로 다른 분야에도 많이 응용되고 있지만 재난분야, 특히 소방훈련 분야에서의 응용은 대단히 의미한 바가 크다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 VR/XR의 현황과 소방훈련시스템 도입사례를 살펴, 실제로 재난대응을 위한 효율적 수단으로 효과성을 확인했으며, 국내의 기술로 개발된 VR/XR기반의 재난훈련시스템이 확산, 활용되어 다양한 재난현장에서 소방관들이 효율적 대응을 할 수 있도록 하는데 있다.

Housing Welfare Service for Environment Construction of Disaster Safety Housing : Focusing on Preventing and Responding to Fires·Infectious Diseases

Housing space is one of the physical factors which provides stable life and living space for family as social relationship. Housing welfare is mostly focused on financial support or housing residence supply for the vulnerable class to deal with their housing related problem. However, the rate of housing supply is over one hundred percent, which means that quantitative problem of housing supply is alleviated. Therefore, it is the stage of changing to housing welfare to improve quality of living for people and to secure housing safety. For residents, housing safety is considered as comprehensive concept for responding to a variety of dangerous situation such as disaster or infectious disease in addition to life safety. Thus, It is important to prevent damage by securing safety of residents from many dangerous factors and vulnerable factors hidden in living space of modern society, and to build community and housing environment which can recover itself after disaster happen. For this, it is necessary to build integrated housing system for managing and actively responding to dangerous factors with cooperation of local community and residents, based on physically safe housing space

Portable Life Support System: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Background: Portable life support system is used in the battlefield, disaster and in other special circumstances such as in space exploration, and underground survey to give the wounded a life support. The most dangerous period for the injured is the first hour after an injury, which is a crucial time for treatment. If the patient's vital signs were stabilized, more than 40% of the injured could be saved. The staff can efficiently complete the task if they get effective and stable vital signs during the operation. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of disaster and battlefield mortality to improve operational safety and efficiency, it is necessary to study the portable life support system. Objective: The study aimed to provide an overview of recent portable life support system and its characteristics and design. Methods: This paper introduces the patents and products related to a portable life support system, and its characteristics and application. Results: This paper summarizes five kinds of portable life support systems which are box type, stretcher type, bed type, backpack type and mobile type. Moreover, the characteristics of different portable life support systems are analyzed. The paper expounds the problems of different types of portable life support systems and puts forward improvement methods to solve the problems. Finally, the paper points out the future development of the system. Conclusion: Portable life support system plays an increasingly important role in health care. In terms of the structure, function and control, further development and improvements are needed, along with the research on portable life support system.

A Local Governance Network Analysis for Disaster Safety in Gyeonggi-do, Korea

It is very important to suggest improvement measures through periodic evaluation of local governance for disaster safety in order to ensure effective disaster prevention and response. This study analyzed the level of cooperation with the related organizations as well as internal and external organizations participating in local governance through a local governance network analysis for disaster safety in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The improvement measures based on the results are as follows. First, it is necessary to strengthen the connection with external organizations by expanding personnel exchanges with them and conducting relevant training in a regular basis. Second, it is crucial to avoid inter-departmental conflict and indifference and strengthen the level of business cooperation between internal departments in Gyeonggi-do. Third, establishing local governance for disaster safety would be important in connection with civil society organizations, particularly national movement groups operating in local governments (e.g. righteous movement councils, Saemaul Undong councils, etc.). Fourth, it is necessary to revitalize the operation and activities of voluntary disaster prevention teams responding to disasters in the region.

Assessment of Sustainable Development on Territories under the Impact of Different Genesis Disasters

At present, neither international nor Russian literature sources propose any index to assess safety level of disasters that occur everywhere throughout the world. No one doubts the fact that the number of natural, man-made and social disasters, as well as resulting economic losses have increased several times over the past thirty years. In response to this trend, the study aims to develop a disaster safety level index (DSLI). The study presents methodological tools for calculating the Disaster Safety Level Index (DSLI) and calculation of the global DSLI for the 1998–2011 period. The proposed method for calculating the Disaster Safety Level Index has three advantages. Firstly, it is relatively simple. Secondly, everyone can get access to input data for calculations. Thirdly, different indicators used in the index are reduced to units of power, added together and expressed as a single number, which is very important in case of incomparable (heterogeneous) indicators. The proposed Disaster Safety Level Index (DSLI) can be used in practice to prevent disasters of various origins.